Flow System Research Articles

A Community-Led Assessment to Identify Groundwater-Dependent Lakes in Parkland County (Alberta, Canada)

Responding to a growing concern about impacts from anthropogenic activity on several dozen lakes, a group of citizens initiated and led a water quality sampling program that included characterizing groundwater dependence. The small lakes are located on hummocky glacial terrain near Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. A team of volunteers collected lake samples for a variety of limnological and ecological analyses to document lake health and trophic state, and collaborated with a university research group to identify groundwater dependence using specific environmental tracers (δ2H, δ18O, and 222Rn). Water chemistry and isotopic measurements are largely explained by the position of a lake within the local groundwater flow system. A simple metric to express the likelihood of groundwater dependence was calculated using the total dissolved solids (TDS), δ18O, and 222Rn values. Across the relatively small study area, a greater likelihood of groundwater dependence was determined for lakes located downgradient from an elevated recharge area. In contrast, where the water table was relatively flat, a lower likelihood of groundwater dependence was found. These results were similar to the spatial pattern of a trophic state, indicating that groundwater dependence may be one of the factors responsible for lake ecological status. The data generated by citizens and the knowledge gained about the hydrology of this area will help discussions between landowners and decision makers on how to best manage land use in this diverse landscape.

Liquid Fragmentation Induced by Particle Aggregation During Two‐Phase Flow in 3D Porous Media

AbstractNatural or engineered microparticles are often encountered in subsurface multiphase flow systems. This introduces a complex flow scenario with a variety of applications. However, the influence of particles on multiphase flow dynamics and the underlying mechanism remain elusive. Here, we investigate particle transport behavior and fluid phase distribution within 3D porous media through direct visualization utilizing laser scanning confocal microscopy. The mechanisms and factors governing particle aggregation during two‐phase flow are elucidated. We identify a previously overlooked pore‐scale phenomenon: fragmentation of wetting liquid induced by spontaneous particle aggregation in localized regions. This process dramatically increases the number of wetting clusters while reducing the fluid connectivity, resulting in a change in the relative permeability of fluids. These findings reveal the dynamic coupling mechanism between pore‐scale particle aggregation and fluid flow and transport properties at larger scales, providing critical insights for predicting and controlling particle mediated geophysical flow processes.

Electro-Elastic Instability and Turbulence in Electro-osmotic Flows of Viscoelastic Fluids: Current Status and Future Directions

The addition of even minute amounts of solid polymers, measured in parts per million (ppm), into a simple Newtonian fluid like water significantly alters the flow behavior of the resulting polymer solutions due to the introduction of fluid viscoelasticity. This viscoelastic behavior, which arises due to the stretching and relaxation phenomena of polymer molecules, leads to complex flow dynamics that are starkly different from those seen in simple Newtonian fluids under the same conditions. In addition to polymer solutions, many other fluids, routinely used in various industries and our daily lives, exhibit viscoelastic properties, including emulsions; foams; suspensions; biological fluids such as blood, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid; and suspensions of biomolecules like DNA and proteins. In various microfluidic platforms, these viscoelastic fluids are often transported using electro-osmotic flows (EOFs), where an electric field is applied to control fluid movement. This method provides more precise and accurate flow control compared to pressure-driven techniques. However, several experimental and numerical studies have shown that when either the applied electric field strength or the fluid elasticity exceeds a critical threshold, the flow in these viscoelastic fluids becomes unstable and asymmetric due to the development of electro-elastic instability (EEI). These instabilities are driven by the normal elastic stresses in viscoelastic fluids and are not observed in Newtonian fluids under the same conditions, where the flow remains steady and symmetric. As the electric field strength or fluid elasticity is further increased, these instabilities can transition into a more chaotic and turbulent-like flow state, referred to as electro-elastic turbulence (EET). This article comprehensively reviews the existing literature on these EEI and EET phenomena, summarizing key findings from both experimental and numerical studies. Additionally, this article presents a detailed discussion of future research directions, emphasizing the need for further investigations to fully understand and harness the potential of EEI and EET in various practical applications, particularly in microscale flow systems where better flow control and increased transport rates are essential.

Waste newspaper activation by sodium phosphate for adsorption dynamics of methylene blue

Abstract This study investigates the potential of using waste newspaper (WN) as an adsorbent for removing methylene blue (MB) dye from water, emphasizing the environmental benefits of repurposing waste materials. Activated carbon (AC) was synthesized from WN using sodium phosphate (NaH2PO4) as the activating agent, which is known for producing high mesopore content and requiring relatively low activation temperatures. The activated carbon’s physicochemical properties were thoroughly characterized using techniques such as FTIR, SEM, and surface area analysis based on the Brunner-Emmett-Teller (BET) theory. The specific surface area of AC was 917 m2/g. Continuous adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the synthesized activated carbon in a dynamic flow system. Various operating conditions, including initial dye concentration, influent flow rate, and bed height, were explored to optimize the adsorption process. This study applied the Yoon-Nelson, Thomas, Adams-Bohart and modified Logistic models to analyze the breakthrough curves and predict adsorption capacities. Results demonstrated that the AC exhibited high adsorption capacity (14.7 mg/g), particularly at lower flow rates and higher bed heights. This work offers valuable insights into sustainable wastewater treatment methods, showcasing the effectiveness of using low-cost, waste-derived activated carbon for dye removal in industrial applications.

Hydrogeological analysis of topography-driven groundwater flow in a low temperature geothermal aquifer system in the Julian Alps, Slovenia

Abstract Groundwater flow and heat distribution was investigated in the regional karstic-fissured aquifer-aquitard system near Lake Bled in the Slovenian, eastern Julian Alps. The area features thermal springs with temperatures of 19–23 °C which are exploited by abstraction wells. The occurrence of low-temperature geothermal systems, which are common in the Alps, are associated with specific hydrogeological conditions, such as vertical hydraulic connectivity between different geological formations, relatively large elevation differences along flow paths, and the concentrated upwelling of geothermal water to the surface. The occurrence of the low-temperature geothermal field is explained by the presence of a hydraulically conductive fault along with a regional groundwater flow pattern that supports deep groundwater circulation. Hydraulic measurements and temperature data were collected from springs and wells in the area to support the analysis of flow patterns, together with the construction of a basin-scale 2D numerical flow and heat transport simulation. The diverse topographic and geological conditions result in a multi-scale groundwater flow system. The discharge of thermal waters in the Lake Bled area is a consequence of the upwelling of deep groundwater induced by a combination of the ~ 650 m difference in hydraulic head and hydrogeological heterogeneity and anisotropy, related to faulting of the geological formations. In addition, individual flow subsystems were found to significantly affect the natural heat distribution and travel times within the basin-scale system. The study highlights the combination of a basin scale approach taking into consideration local to regional-scale heterogeneities and faults in order to better understand the hydrogeological behaviour of Alpine groundwater systems.

Enhancing Long-Term Viability of Energy Pile with Heat Sink Systems in Tropical Monsoon Climates: Implementation Strategies and Performance Analysis

Energy piles, a form of ground-source heat pump system integrated into building foundations, show great potential for reducing building energy consumption associated with fossil fuels. While it excels in climates where cooling demand matches heating, its effectiveness faces challenges in tropical monsoon regions characterized by hot summers and cool winters. In such climates, cooling demand dominates, leading to significant thermal accumulation over time, which diminishes the long-term viability of energy pile systems. This study focuses on the long-term thermal behavior analysis of an energy pile system installed in a representative office building. Our approach begins with an examination of short-term behavior, followed by the creation of a simplified model. Using this model, we analyze the long-term behavior of different systems, including the standard energy pile and combinations with various solutions: natural groundwater flow and synthetic heat sink systems. Key outcomes are evaluated based on entering water temperature (EWT), soil temperature, and energy efficiency ratio (EER), while also comparing energy savings with conventional air conditioning systems. Major findings include: (1) Standard energy pile systems without any mitigation measures achieve only a 15.3% energy savings initially and may cease functioning after approximately 10 years, (2) Energy pile systems using specific solutions can achieve a maximum saving ratio of 50%, typically ranging from 30% to 45%, while maintaining stability over the designated lifespan, (3) Higher EER and saving ratios correlate with increased groundwater flow and larger heat sink systems, however, the relationship is nonlinear, emphasizing the need for tailored design under varying geology and climate conditions. This study provides essential insights into energy pile systems design and practical guidance, along with expected energy savings in tropical monsoon climates for future application.

On Mathematical Analysis of a Micro-Scale Boltzmann-Maxwell’s PDEs Model for a Plasma Flow Influence by Non-linear Sinusoidal External Electric Field: Novel Irreversibility Analysis of Plasma Kinetic Theory

Unfortunately, the scientific research concerned with the micro-scale mathematical models in plasma has very few numbers compared with the other mathematical models. However, the microscopic fields are related to all modern technology like nano and micro technology, quantum computers, and many other essential applications. This study focuses on the mathematical analysis of a micro-scale Boltzmann-Maxwell partial differential equations (PDE) system for a gaseous plasma flow influenced by a non-linear, non-uniform external electric field, specifically in the context of a novel irreversibility micro-scale analysis of the kinetic theory of plasma. We did that using the analytical solution of the PDE system. The governing equations were developed using the moment and traveling-wave techniques in a new irreversible non-equilibrium thermodynamics (INT) methodology. To our knowledge, this was applied for the first time. We are investigating the distinct behavior of the electron velocity distribution functions (VDF) and the non-equilibrium velocity functions, representing an essential INT novel study. As a result, critical micro-scale INT variables would employ the generated non-equilibrium VDF to get the equilibrium time for each species. We aim to show how the impacts of various thermodynamic forces on internal energy change (IEC) are maintained. The research generates visual representations of physical variables in 3D. Extensive physics, electric manufacturing, and nano-electro-mechanical systems applications in various manufacturing contexts attest to the research’s standing. We aim to calculate the percentages between the numerous contributions of IEC in diamagnetic and paramagnetic plasma based on the total derivatives of the extensive parameters. We apply the results to a typical model of laboratory helium plasma because of the helium’s various excellent applications.

A coupled particle dynamics-lattice Boltzmann method model for particle-resolved direct numerical simulation of gas–liquid–solid flow with an irregular particle expressed by multi-sphere algorithm

In this paper, we develop a lattice Boltzmann (LB) model for simulating the gas–liquid–solid three-phase flow. Based on the gas–solid two-phase fluid model in the framework of the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), a multiphase fluid–solid two-way coupling algorithm is proposed. In this model, the fluid–fluid interface is tracked using a phase-field method. Kinetic-theory-based boundary treatment, such as the interpolated bounce back, combined with the momentum exchange methods handle flow–particle interactions. Particle dynamics (PD) equation depicts the particle's movement and direction. Multi-sphere algorithm is inserted into the LBM frame to efficiently express the irregular particle borrowing from the idea of multi-sphere model in a discrete element method frame. Several typical benchmark cases are used to validate the present model, including the flow around the static and rotating cylinder, the wetting behavior of regular and irregular particles on the liquid–gas interface, the setting of a cylindrical particle, and regular and irregular particles sinking into and pulled out water. The numerical results show that the model agrees well with analytical solutions, experimental data, and published literature. The coupled PD-LBM model is validated and can accurately simulate any gas–liquid–solid three-phase flow system containing moving contact line phenomena.

Entropy optimization of stagnant blood flow systems with tetra-hybrid nano additives under viscous dissipation, joule heating and thermal radiation effects

Entropy optimization of stagnant blood flow systems with tetra-hybrid nano additives under viscous dissipation, joule heating and thermal radiation effects

Comparative study for heat transfer characteristics of magnetohydrodynamic viscous fluid in a multilayer flow flanked between nanofluids

This article examines the mixed convection heat transfer analysis of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) viscous fluid flow over a multilayer channel flanked between nanofluids comprising a porous medium. The research highlights the significance of multilayer nanofluid flow in practical applications such as petroleum filtration process, cooling of electronic systems, nuclear reactors, and solar thermal systems. Ethylene glycol (EG) serves as a coolant due to its excellent miscibility with copper (Cu), enhancing its corrosion resistance properties in the fluid flow system. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of magnetic fields on heat transfer in a multilayer flow of Cu-EG-based nanofluids with different nanoparticles. The comparative performance of copper, copper oxide, and silver nanoparticles in enhancing the heat transfer rate is investigated. The non-dimensional equations are highly coupled, and non-linear differential equations are resolved analytically by utilizing regular perturbation approaches to get a closed-form solution. A comparative analysis between analytical results and numerical methods was done, demonstrating excellent agreement for the fluid flow momentum profile. This study reveals the magnetic field reduces heat transfer in the fluid flow system EG as a base fluid, and silver nanoparticles outperform copper, and copper oxide nanoparticles in thermal conductivity. These findings give rise to optimizing nanofluid-based systems in engineering and industrial applications.

Peristaltic pump-triggered amyloid formation suggests shear stresses are in vivo risks for amyloid nucleation

Amyloid fibrils, crystal-like fibrillar aggregates of denatured proteins, are formed as a result of the breakdown of supersaturation, causing a series of amyloidosis including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Although varying in vitro factors are known, in vivo factors breaking supersaturation are unclear. We found that flowing by a peristaltic pump effectively triggers amyloid formation of hen egg white lysozyme, a model amyloidogenic protein, and, moreover, amyloidosis-associated proteins (i.e., α-synuclein, amyloid β 1–40, and β2-microglobulin). The peristaltic pump-dependent amyloid formation was visualized by a fluorescence microscope with looped flow system, revealing dynamic motions under flow. Among them, amyloid fibrils of amyloid β 1–40 were stickier than others, self-associating, adsorbing to loop surfaces, and surging upon flicking the loop, implying early stages of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. On the other hand, β2-microglobulin at a neutral pH showed unique two-step amyloid formation with an oligomeric trapped intermediate, which might mimic amyloid formation in patients. Peristalsis-caused strong shear stresses were considered to mechanically break supersaturation. Shearing stresses occur in vivo at varying levels, suggesting that they break otherwise persistent supersaturation, thus triggering amyloid formation and ultimately leading to amyloidosis.

How does the water flow? And does data follow it?

Climate adaptation and effective flood management require accurate and accessible data on water levels and water flow. In consultation with the Danish Geological Survey (GEUS), the Danish municipalities association (KL), and the Danish Environmental Protection Agency as well as the private companies WatsonC, DRYP, and WSP, Denmark's Environmental Portal (DMP) has developed an IT system for water levels, water flow and groundwater level measurements. The system makes it possible to compile data from different loggers in near real time. The system supports authorities such as the Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI) and municipalities in their work to prepare flood warnings and implement climate adaptation plans. It also enables a broader use of data that was originally collected for specific purposes, such as mass transport calculations and crop cutting, and it opens up new solutions at the societal level. As groundwater rises and climate adaptation problems grow, it is essential to have access to integrated data on both watercourses and groundwater level measurements. The new system supports the work of municipalities and utilities on these challenges, and makes it possible to share data effectively across public authorities. In addition, the system opens up the development of commercial IT solutions that can help tackle future climate adaptation challenges.

Aerobic Oxidation of Glucosamine-HCl over AuPd-supported Catalyst in a liquid flow system

Abstract Both a batch and a continuous-flow reactor system were investigated in the oxidation reaction of glucosamine hydrochloride (GlcN-HCl) into glucosaminic acid (GlcNA). In the batch reactor system, AuPd-supported catalysts using basic supports such as MgO and hydrotalcite (HT) effectively catalyzed the target oxidation reaction. Although in the liquid-flow reaction system, these catalysts showed a gradual decrease in their activity due to exposure to the acidic nature of the GlcN-HCl product, the addition of NaOH to maintain the basic reaction condition allowed the yield to remain stable over a longer reaction time; approx. 80% yield for 9 h reaction in both AuPd/MgO and AuPd/HT cases.

Electromagnetic and Chemical Reactions of Unsteady Viscoelastic Flow of MHD Walter's‐B Through Vertical Porous Plates

ABSTRACTThis study examines the transient magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of Walter's‐B viscoelastic fluid over a vertical porous plate within a porous medium, considering the effects of radiation and chemical processes. The nonlinear flow control equations are solved using a closed‐loop method, producing detailed numerical solutions for velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. Velocity decreases with increasing permeability (K), Schmidt number (Sc), radiation (R), and magnetic field strength (M). In contrast, it increases with higher Prandtl number (Pr), permeability (K), and time (t). Temperature decreases with higher radiation but rises with Prandtl number and time. Concentration decreases with higher permeability and Schmidt number but increases with time. Notably, an increase in the Brownian motion parameter enhances heat and momentum transfer, thickening the velocity and thermal boundary layers. This research has practical applications in fields, such as blood oxygenators, chemical reactors, and polymer processing industries. The novelty of the study lies in its integration of radiation, chemical processes, and MHD flows in the analysis of viscoelastic fluids, a topic that has not been widely explored in previous studies. Future research could focus on optimizing MHD Walter's‐B viscoelastic flow systems, with particular attention to the effects of magnetic field strength and viscoelastic parameters on flow behavior.

History and dynamics of Fennoscandian Ice Sheet retreat, contemporary ice-dammed lake evolution, and faulting in the Torneträsk area, northwestern Sweden

Abstract. The prospect of alarming levels of future sea level rise in response to the melting of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets affirms an urgency to better understand the dynamics of these retreating ice sheets. The history and dynamics of the ephemeral ice sheets of the Northern Hemisphere, such as the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet, reconstructed from glacial geomorphology, can thus serve as a useful analogue. The recent release of a 1 m lidar-derived national elevation model reveals an unprecedented record of the glacial geomorphology in Sweden. This study aims to offer new insights and precision regarding ice retreat in the Torneträsk region of northwestern Sweden and the influence of ice-dammed lakes and faulting on the dynamics of the ice sheet margin during deglaciation. Using an inversion model, mapped glacial landforms are ordered in swarms representing spatially and temporally coherent ice sheet flow systems. Ice-dammed lake traces such as raised shorelines, perched deltas, spillways, and outlet channels are particularly useful for pinpointing precise locations of ice margins. A strong topographic control on retreat patterns is evident, from ice sheet disintegration into separate lobes in the mountains to orderly retreat in low-relief areas. Eight ice-dammed lake stages are outlined for the Torneträsk Basin, the lowest of which yields lake extents more extensive than previously identified. The three youngest stages released a total of 26 km3 of meltwater as glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) through Tornedalen, changing the valley morphology and depositing thick deltaic sequences in Ancylus Lake at its highest postglacial shoreline at around 10 ka cal BP. The Pärvie Fault, the longest-known glacially induced fault in Sweden, offsets the six oldest lake stages in the Torneträsk Basin. Cross-cutting relationships between glacial landforms and fault scarp segments are indicative of the Pärvie Fault rupturing multiple times during the last deglaciation. Precise dating of the two bracketing raised shorelines or the ages of the corresponding GLOF sediments would pinpoint the age of this rupture of the Pärvie Fault. Collectively, this study provides data for better understanding the history and dynamics of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet during final retreat, such as interactions with ice-dammed lakes and reactivation of faults through glacially induced stress.

A neuro-intelligent heuristic approach for performance prediction of triangular fuzzy flow system

Due to uncertainties found in real-world problems, fuzzy set theory (FST) suggests a more realistic framework for analyzing and modeling scenarios with imprecise information. This study’s primary focus is to develop a model for analyzing the significance of the fuzzy volume fraction of nanomaterials on the hybrid nanofluid flow using triangular fuzzy numbers. The two nanomaterials Al2O3 and Cu are entrenched in engine oil (EO) host fluid. To account for the vagueness involved in the phenomenon, fuzzy set theory (FST) is employed. To build a comparison of thermal profiles for hybrid nanofluids (Al2O3 + Cu/EO) and nanofluids (Cu/EO), (Al2O3/EO), the concentration of nanoparticles influencing the thermophysical properties will be taken as an uncertain parameter using triangular fuzzy number (TFN) [0, 0.1, 0.4]. The fuzzy logic analysis points out that hybrid nanofluids Al2O3 are more operational than nanofluids (Cu/EO) (Al2O3/EO) for heat transfer. To address the limitations of simple neural networks, such as overfitting, underfitting, and slow convergence, a hybrid approach combining Bayesian Regularization (BR) and the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm implemented to examine initial data and extract main physical properties. This innovative approach has significantly improved the model generalization, accelerated training, and provided robust and reliable predictions, even with limited data as confirmed by an exceptional match between projected and targeted values. A comparison analysis indicates that the magnetic parameter effect lessens the Cu/EO nanofluid’s velocity more actively than hybrid nanofluid Al2O3+Cu/EO and raises the temperature of hybrid nanofluid more readily then nanofluid.

On the performance of highly aggressive inter compressor ducts

Abstract The enhancement of jet engine components may result in the expansion of the established design space. In particular, the trend towards short and therefore highly aggressive inter compressor ducts (ICD) extends the traditional design space. The potential for fuel savings resulting from a reduction in engine weight is in contrast to the emergence of a more complex flow field. Many studies consider the secondary flow system of highly aggressive ICDs at the design point, but there is a lack of off-design considerations. To fill this gap, the present study investigates in detail the off-design performance of the new German Aerospace Center (DLR) test case. Firstly, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of different typical operating points allow detailed considerations of the flow field under off-design conditions. Secondly, a variation of the inlet conditions describes the sensitivity of highly aggressive ICDs to different low-pressure compressor operating points. Finally, the comparison of the CFD stagnation pressure loss with the loss predicted by a preliminary off-design method validates the use of traditional off-design prediction during the preliminary design of highly aggressive ICDs.

Continuous Flow Alkylation of Morpholine and Aniline catalyzed by Mesoporous Al‐SBA‐15

A continuous flow alkylation process is disclosed to synthesize N‐methylated derivatives of aniline and morpholine, compounds vital to the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and polymer industries, using a mesoporous Al‐SBA‐15 catalyst. Conversions reached up to 99% with almost complete selectivity for monoalkylated products under optimized temperature, pressure, and flow conditions. Compared to traditional batch methods, the continuous flow system enabled precise control of reaction parameters, significantly enhancing efficiency, reducing solvent use, and minimizing by‐product formation. The results demonstrate the process's feasibility for industrial applications, emphasizing its potential for more sustainable, cost‐effective large‐scale production and the role of continuous flow systems in developing safer, scalable, and environmentally friendly chemical processes.

Research on Energy-Saving Optimization Method and Intelligent Control of Refrigeration Station Equipment Based on Fuzzy Neural Network

Under the background of dual carbon, the retrofitting of the equipment operation system of a refrigeration station and the optimization combination of its control system are significant for its efficient operation and energy saving. The single-direction variable flow technology is often used in the chilled water system in refrigeration stations nowadays. However, the single-direction variable flow technology cannot achieve both thermal balance and flow balance for the chiller system, which is unfavorable for improving energy efficiency and reliability. To improve the reliability and energy efficiency of the refrigeration station equipment, the bidirectional variable flow technology of primary and secondary chilled water pumps was presented. Meanwhile, the feasibility of fuzzy neural networks in bidirectional variable flow systems and their energy-saving effect were studied. Before the energy saving retrofit, the refrigeration station used traditional PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controllers, and the chilled water system used single-direction variable flow technology; After the energy-saving retrofit, the refrigeration station adopted a fuzzy neural network control algorithm to optimize the PID controller parameters, and at the same time, the chilled water system used bidirectional variable flow technology. Through a large number of trial calculations of the established neural network model, it was found that 2 hidden layers and 25 hidden layer nodes can achieve higher accuracy. Specifically, the controller of the central refrigeration station consists of a training neural network and a predictive neural network working in parallel. The task of training neural networks is to learn the relationship between different input parameters and the whole energy consumption. Then it serves as the excitation function of the prediction network. The function of the predictive neural network is to find the control parameters that minimize energy consumption. The application results showed that before and after the retrofit annual power consumption and energy-saving effects were very Significant. After the energy-saving retrofit of the refrigeration station, the energy saving is 422,775 KWh every year, the energy-saving rate is 11.67%, and the annual saving cost is about 0.3382 million yuan. The results demonstrated that bidirectional variable flow technology and its control methods were feasible, reasonable, and worthy of promotion.

Upgrading of Waste Tyre Pyrolysis Oil for Obtaining Valuable Products

Pyrolysis (thermal anaerobic decomposition) of waste tyres is a sustainable recycling process. Its result is an unstable liquid product – pyrolysis oil – must be improved for economic usage. A complex microreactor system was developed for upgrading/valorizing waste tyre pyrolysis oil. Following cleaning steps (distillation, resin removal, chemical preparation reactor) pyrolysis oil was hydrogenated/hydrodesulfurized in the main reactor over NiMo/Al2O3 catalysts. Cheap self-made low active metal containing catalysts presented comparable activities with an industrial (Haldor Topsoe) catalyst in a 100 mL flow reactor at 300 °C temperature and 25–35 bar pressure. The process was optimized by changing the pressure, the liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) and the hydrogen flow rate. The upgrading of the process for a 1000 mL volume flow system is in progress.