Fertilization System Research Articles

BIOMETRIC INDICATORS AND POTATO YIELD FOR GROWING IN SHORT-ROTATION CROP ROTATIONS AND MONOCULTURE

Objective. Establishing the growth, development, and yield formation characteristics of potatoes in short-rotation crop rotations and continuous monoculture, as well as developing measures to reduce the negative impact of crop saturation in crop rotations. Methods – general scientific and specialized: field stationary experiment; measurement weight method; laboratory field; statistical mathematical. Results. The article presents the results of research on the peculiarities of crop growth, development and formation in crop rotations and monocultures, depending on their saturation with culture, fertilizer and the use of planting material of various categories. The research established that potato plants formed the largest vegetative mass during the flowering phase. The fertilization system significantly affected the growth of the tops. It was noted that the maximum leaf area was achieved during the flowering phase, ranging from 19,600 to 36,100 m²/ha, influenced by weather conditions. No significant impact of crop rotation saturation with potatoes on the formation of the photosynthetic apparatus was found. It was determined that the photosynthesis net productivity (PNP) of potatoes increased with plant growth, reaching a peak during the budding – flowering period at 3.7–5.0 g/m² per day, affected by weather conditions. As the degree of crop rotation saturation with potatoes increased, yield decreased. On average, over the years of research, the yield was 22.8 t/ha with 20% potato saturation in crop rotation, 20.8 t/ha with 50% saturation, and the lowest yield of 18.4 t/ha with 100% saturation. Yield in monoculture was significantly affected by the combined application of organic and mineral fertilizers and annual replacement of seed material. Conclusions. The highest photosynthesis net productivity (3.7–5.0 g/m² per day) was observed during the budding and flowering stages, but later, as natural leaf dieback began, it decreased to 1.4–1.7 g/m² per day. The research also shows that with increasing potato saturation in crop rotation, yield gradually decreased: at 20% saturation, the yield was 22.8 t/ha, at 50% saturation – 20.8 t/ha, and at 100% saturation – 18.4 t/ha. The application of organic fertilizers in two-field crop rotations did not lead to significant yield changes (16.9–20.8 t/ha). However, the highest yield (23.6 t/ha) was achieved in monoculture with the application of 40 t/ha of manure and mineral fertilizers (N90P60K90), as well as the annual replacement of seed material. These results are important for optimizing agrotechnical practices and improving potato yield.

Organic fertilization systems on the vegetative growth and essential oil production of Pelargonium graveolens

The aromatic plant Pelargonium graveolens L. 'Hérit, known as geranium, presents bioactive compounds of high economic interest. Since the secondary metabolism is affected by several factors such as the cultivation conditions, this work aimed to assess the impact of different fertilization systems on geranium vegetative growth and essential oil content and yield. The treatments were: T1) chemical fertilization (N-P-K); T2) no fertilization; T3) biodynamic fertilization; T4) organic fertilization; T5) biodynamic fertilization + plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB); T6) organic fertilization + PGPB; and T7) organic compost. The application of Azospirillum brasilense (PGPB) had no significant effect on geranium vegetative growth and essential oil production. Essential oil production was not observed in plants treated with chemical (T1) or biodynamic fertilizers (T3 and T5). Plants treated with organic fertilization (T4 and T6) showed greater agronomic development in addition to essential oil content and yield. Consequently, organic fertilization emerges as a promising approach for cultivating P. graveolens.

Optimization of the <i>in Vitro</i> Fertilization System in Cỏ Goat Oocytes

Optimization of the <i>in Vitro</i> Fertilization System in Cỏ Goat Oocytes

Innovative solutions for food security and energy transition through sustainable fertilizer production techniques

Global challenges in food security, energy transition, and sustainable agriculture necessitate innovative approaches to address intertwined socioeconomic and environmental issues. The demand for food continues to rise with population growth, while the agricultural sector faces mounting pressures from climate change, resource depletion, and escalating energy costs. Simultaneously, the transition to renewable energy is reshaping global energy systems, prompting the need for agricultural solutions that are both energy-efficient and environmentally sustainable. Fertilizer production, a cornerstone of modern agriculture, is energy-intensive and a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, transitioning toward sustainable fertilizer production techniques is paramount in achieving food security and supporting the energy transition. This review explores innovative solutions that integrate renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and biomass, into fertilizer manufacturing processes, thereby reducing carbon footprints and improving energy efficiency. It also examines advancements in precision agriculture technologies and bio-based fertilizers, which minimize nutrient waste and environmental impacts while enhancing soil health. Furthermore, the study highlights the potential of circular economy principles, such as recycling organic waste and recovering nutrients, to create sustainable fertilizer systems. By narrowing the focus, the paper emphasizes scalable, region-specific strategies that align with global sustainability goals, particularly in energy-deficient and climate-vulnerable regions. Collaborative efforts involving policymakers, researchers, and industry stakeholders are critical to driving innovation and fostering the adoption of these technologies. The findings underline that sustainable fertilizer production is a pivotal element in securing global food systems and achieving a balanced energy transition, ultimately contributing to climate resilience and ecological balance.

The influence of fertilisation and crop rotation structure on soil moisture availability and water consumption by winter wheat

Purpose. To investigate the influence of fertilisation and crop rotation on the accumulation of moisture in the soil and water consumption by winter wheat crops. Меthods. Long-term field and analytical. Results. Research data on the effect of fertilisers and crop rotation on soil moisture supply and water consumption by winter wheat is presented. It was found that the use of organic–mineral fertilisation systems in grass and grain crop rotation ensured the best conditions for the accumulation of moisture in the soil in the spring and its effective use by winter wheat crops. Conclusions. Cultivation of winter wheat in a grass and grain crop rotation resulted in the highest amount of moisture accumulation in the soil in the spring. The reserves of productive moisture in one- and one-and-a-half-meter layers of leached chernozem in the spring were higher than in grain and row crop rotation by 15–25 mm, and in row crop rotation by 9–19 mm. In grass and grain crop rotation, winter wheat used soil moisture most effectively under the conventional organic-mineral fertilisation system. Applying N53Р42K42 + 6.7 t of manure per 1 ha of crop rotation ensured the water consumption by winter wheat of 282 m3/t, which was 141 m3/t less than in the control without fertilisers. Application of N53Р42K42 per 1 ha of crop rotation + by-products was determined to be effective: moisture consumption by winter wheat decreased by 110 m3/t compared to the control without fertilisers for an absolute indicator of 313 m3/t. In terms of crop rotation, the organic-mineral fertilisation systems reduced water consumption 1.5–1.7 times compared to the control without fertilisers.

Indicators of soil fertility of typical chernozem after prolonged use of various fertilizer systems

The research was carried out in order to study the effect and aftereffect of various fertilizer systems on the main indicators of fertility of typical chernozem. The work was carried out in a long-term field experience in the grain crop rotation in the conditions of the Belgorod region. The soil of the experimental site is typical medium–sized low-humus heavy loam chernozem on loess-like loam. The scheme of the experiment provided for the study of the effect of mineral fertilizers, in doses of N64P64K64 and N128P128K128; organic fertilizers with crop rotation saturation of 8 and 16 t/ha of the crop area (s. p.) and combinations of organic and mineral fertilizers. Three methods of basic tillage were analyzed: plowing, non-tillage and minimal tillage. During six rotations of the five-field crop rotation, without the use of fertilizers, humus losses amounted to 0.06…0.27 %, with an actual content of 4.96…5.15 %; the content of mobile phosphorus decreased by 2.8…9.2 mg/kg, and was at the level of 47.6…51.2 mg/kg; and mobile potassium remained almost at the same level (108.4…116.2 mg/kg). To obtain the optimal content of the main nutrients in the soil, it is necessary to use an organomineral fertilizer system. In particular: the use of mineral fertilizers in doses of N64P64K64 or N128P128K128 for a background of 8 t/ha of bovine manure (cattle). At the same time, the humus content in these variants reached the maximum value and amounted to 5.30…5.64 %, mobile phosphorus 222.6 …255.1 mg/kg and mobile potassium 156.6…173.5 mg/kg. Or long-term use of cattle manure with a crop rotation saturation of 16 t/ha. At this level of fertilization, the humus content was 5.34 % (on average according to the method of basic tillage), phosphorus and potassium 122.0 and 143.3 mg/kg, respectively.

BEHAVIOR OF A SHORT-TERM GRASSLAND FORMED FROM THE MIXTURE OF LOLIUM MULTIFLORUM AND TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE IN THE SUBCARPATHIAN AREA OF OLTENIA

The paper presents the results regarding the behavior of a grassland sown in the sub-Carpathian area of Oltenia under the influence of the sowing time and the dose and nitrogen fertilization system. A mixture of 50 % Lolium multiflorum + 50 % Trifolium pratense was used. The data obtained clearly show the superiority of the grassland sown in autumn, especially in the case of the use of fertilizers, when increases of 7-8 t/ha are obtained compared to the grassland sown in spring. Within each sowing season, there is a big difference in the annual staggering of production. The annual dynamics were influenced primarily by the presence or absence of fertilizers and to a lesser extent, by the nitrogen administration system.

Research on the Impact Mechanism and Response Strategy of Population Aging on Economic Growth

With the development of society, the problem of population aging is increasingly prominent. The impact mechanism of population aging on economic growth is complicated and diverse. In terms of the labor market, the increase in the proportion of the elderly population has led to a decrease in labor supply, increased labor costs, and affected the production efficiency of enterprises. In the field of consumption, changes in consumer demand and the structure of the elderly may lead to adjustment of some industrial markets. In terms of social security, the burden of pensions is increasing, and fiscal pressure has increased. To cope with population aging, a series of strategies are needed. First, improve the pension security system to ensure the quality of life of the elderly. Encourage people to choose the employment direction of the type of pension and give full play to their experience and skill advantages. Secondly, developing the elderly industries to meet the special needs of the elderly, while creating new economic growth points. Third, strengthen education and training, improve the quality of labor, strengthen the fertility system, and vigorously promote the country. Through these measures, the negative impact of population aging on economic growth is reduced, and sustainable development is achieved.

The effectiveness of accelerated cultivation of degraded agrarian sod-podzolic soil in crop rotations of different intensity

The hidden depleting degradation of the effective fertility of previously cultivated agrarian sod-podzolic soils is one of the most significant risks for the development of agriculture in the Non-Chernozem region and its food security. In a stationary long-term experiment, established in the Leningrad region in 2006, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of accelerated cultivation of degraded sandy loam agrarian sod-podzolic soil to a good and high level of cultivation was performed. The objects of the research were three types of soil (medium-, well- and highly cultivated) and crops of cereal and row six-field crop rotations, cultivated in a three-variant scheme of a complete mineral fertilizer system. During the study in the second rotation of crop rotations (2012–2016), it has been established that the responsiveness of crops to accelerated soil cultivation and complete mineral fertilizer is determined by a combination of their biological and varietal characteristics with weather, climatic and phytosanitary conditions. The average annual productivity level of studied crop rotations on medium-cultivated soil amounted to 3.9 and 3.8 thousand grain units per ha. On well–cultivated and highly cultivated soil the productivity increased by 34 and 67, 50 and 86 %, respectively, and from the use of a complete mineral fertilizer system – by 28 and 18 %, respectively. The level of profitability of soil cultivation varied from 51–97 % in the crop rotation with cereals, and to 234–301 % in the row crop rotation with an average annual net yield of 12.1–13.1 and 97.1–110.4 thousand rubles/ha. The payback period for accelerated cultivation to a good and high level was 3.3 and 5.1 years in the crop rotation with cereals and 0.6 and 1.2 years in the row crop rotation, respectively.

INFLUENCE OF WINTER RAPE FERTILIZATION SYSTEM ON THE CONDITION OF PLANTS BEFORE ENTERING WINTER AND ITS SURVIVAL

The results of a three-year cycle of studying the effect of the combined fertilization system of winter rape on the formation of plant architecture before entering winter and their overall survival during the growing season for two genotypes of medium early and medium ripeness groups are presented. The formation of the basic idiotypic parameters of winter rape plants, which determine the success of their overwintering, namely: diameter of the root collar, height of the growth point above the soil surface, number of formed leaves in the rosette, length of the root system, was investigated and evaluated, and the overall survival of winter rape plants at the final stage of plant maturation (yellow pod) was estimated. The obtained long-term averages were compared with the recommended optimized values of the ratio of certain morphological parameters from the point of view of the factor influence on their formation of the constituent variants of the main and pre-sowing fertilization, the use of growth-regulating drugs and the system of foliar fertilization. The specificity of interaction of fertilizer variants with genotypic response in the context of maturity groups of rapeseed hybrids was evaluated separately. The increase in plant morphometry before their entry into winter and the peculiarities of the gradations of winter rape plant survival in the context of combinatorial experimental variants were evaluated to establish the peculiarities of the gradational comparison of fertilizer intensity both within individual factors of the experiment and in general. Conclusions were drawn regarding the effective possibility of adjusting both the desired morphometry of winter rape plants before their entry into winter and their survival rate during the achievement of physiological maturity by designing an appropriate mineral nutrition system. The achievement of the optimal variant of winter rape plant architecture and their preservation in the variant of combining the technological scheme of fertilization for hybrids of medium early and medium ripeness groups of winter rape, which provides for the following scheme of phenostage operational application BBCH 00, was determined: Diammophoska N-10% P-26% K-26% +1S (144 kg ha-1 for plowing) + Rosafert 15-15-15 (150 kg ha-1 for sowing) + BBCH 19-20 (on frozen ground): UAN-32 (189 l ha-1) + Ammonium Thiosulfate (22 l ha-1) + BBSN 14-16: Regulator Bukat (thiconazole 500 g l-1) (0.5 l ha-1)) + BBCH 35–39: Karamba Turbo 0.65 l ha-1 + Bukat 0.35 l ha-1 + BBCH 31–34: Rosalic (B) (1 l ha-1) + adjuvant Spray-Aid (0.08 l ha-1) + BBCH 51–53: Rosasol 18-18-18 + ME (3 kg ha-1) + adjuvant Spray-Aid (0.08 l ha-1).

Dynamics of the content of mineral elements and effective fertility of alluvial meadow soil in vegetable crop rotation

In vegetable crop rotation with different fertilization systems of vegetable crops, the dynamics of the content of mineral elements of plant nutrition was determined, effective soil fertility was evaluated in comparison with potential under experimental conditions, and the most effective fertilizer system was identified not only to obtain the highest yields, but also to preserve and reproduce the potential fertility of alluvial meadow soil. The study was conducted in 2015–2019 in the Ramensky district of the Moscow region on the alluvial meadow medium loamy soil of the central floodplain of the Moscow River. The seasonal dynamics of the content of 3 elements of plant mineral nutrition (nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and potassium) in the carrot – beet – cabbage crop rotation was studied, using 3 main fertilization systems for vegetable crops (mineral, organic, organo-mineral). It was found that the maximum content of nitrate nitrogen (on average in crop rotation 47.4 mg/kg) and mobile potassium (on average 156 mg/kg) occurred in the third decade of June. The content of mobile phosphorus in the soil was high (200 mg/kg) at all accounting periods. A close correlation was determined between the yield of root crops and cabbage with the average content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil during the growing season (r = 0.735–0.934), mobile phosphorus (r = 0.539–0.972) and potassium (r = 0.532–0.976). The effective soil fertility of the site under 3 crops per crop rotation had the following characteristics: when using a mineral fertilizer system, the content of nitrate nitrogen was 21.3, organic – 10.1, organo-mineral – 22.1 mg/kg, the content of mobile phosphorus when using a mineral system – 40.4, organic – 34.1, organo-mineral – 47.9 mg/kg, the content of mobile potassium is 44.4, 20.6, 50.8 mg/kg, respectively. It was found that under crops of carrots and beets, the potential fertility of the soil during crop rotation was reproduced with the use of mineral (recommended dose of NPK) and organo-mineral fertilization systems of these crops, and the yield of carrots (67–69 t/ha) and beets (67–68 t/ ha) under these systems was high, more than expected estimated 60 t/ha. Under cabbage, late soil depletion also did not occur when using the recommended mineral and organo-mineral fertilizer systems, yields of 78 and 81 t/ha were close to the expected estimated yield of 80 t/ha. At the same time, the organo-mineral system had an advantage: during crop rotation, it retained 13% more nitrate nitrogen in the soil, 8% more mobile phosphorus and 40% more mobile potassium than the mineral one. One and a half and double doses of mineral fertilizers for late cabbage led to a significant increase in its yield (85–90 t/ha), but at the same time a significant part of nitrogen (on average for the season 33–41 mg/kg) was irretrievably lost in the soil.

Changes in agrochemical properties of meadow chernozem-like soil under prolonged exposure to agrogenic factors in grain-soybean crop rotation

In a long-term stationary experiment to study the fertilizer system in crop rotation, established in 1962–1964 on meadow chernozem-like soil in the southern natural and climatic zone of the Amur region, the influence of prolonged use of mineral and organo-mineral fertilizer systems on the agrochemical properties of meadow chernozem-like soil in relation to the level of crop yield in crop rotation was studied. The use of mineral fertilizers alone and together with organic ones provided an increase in the content of mobile phosphorus in the soil by 2.0–2.5 times, its mobility by 2.9–3.5 times relative to control. The long-term use of the organo-mineral fertilizer system led to an increase in the humus content by 0.69% and the preservation of acidity indicators at the initial level, while the application of only mineral fertilizers increased the hydrolytic and metabolic acidity. Wheat yield when applying N30 against the background of prolonged application of fertilizers to the 12th rotation of the crop rotation increased by 0.58 t/ha relative to the control, with its aftereffect – by 0.30 t/ha. At the same time, the yield of soybeans was 2.42–2.62 t/ha. It was found that the productivity of crop rotation was determined by 73% by changes in humus content, soil acid content and mobile P2O5 content in the 0–20 cm soil layer. The relationship of crop rotation productivity with humus content was weak (β = 0.26), hydrolytic acidity – medium reverse (β = –0.57), metabolic acidity – strong reverse (β = –0.81) and phosphorus content – strong (β = 0.84). The values of p-levels and Student coefficients indicated the fact that hydrolytic and metabolic acidity, the content of mobile phosphorus were statistically significant variables.

CULTAN Fertilization Contributes to Lower N Leaching While Maintaining Yield

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe controlled uptake long‐term ammonium nutrition (CULTAN) fertilization technique consists of injecting a concentrated ammonium solution into the soil and aims to positively impact crop physiology and N use efficiency.AimsThis study assesses whether CULTAN can contribute to lower N leaching while maintaining yields in temperate regions with an annual precipitation of around 1000 mm or higher.MethodsWe analyzed a 12‐year lysimeter experiment with two consecutive 6‐crop rotations and a 3‐year field experiment with winter wheat and maize in Switzerland. CULTAN was compared to a conventional surface application of ammonium nitrate fertilizer (ConvF).ResultsCULTAN achieved at least similar yields compared to ConvF in both studies and had a 38% lower yield‐scaled N leaching in the lysimeters. In both studies, CULTAN displayed higher nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) compared to ConvF, with an increase ranging from 8% to 17% depending on crop type, although a statistical significance was only found for winter wheat in the field study. NRE and N leaching were only weakly correlated, indicating that other N pathways are affected in the CULTAN fertilization system. Finally, we suggest that the timing and placement of the CULTAN injection need to be better adapted to the plant physiology and pedoclimatic conditions for optimal nutrient use and crop yields.ConclusionIn areas of high nitrate concentration in the groundwater, CULTAN can be an effective fertilization strategy complementing loss reduction measures.

Nutrient balance and productivity of crop rotations as affected by their structure and fertilisation

Purpose. To investigate the influence of fertilisation systems on the productivity of short crop rotations and the formation of the balance of nutrients in the soil. Methods. Long-term field and analytical. Results. The productivity of crop rotations and the balance of nutrients in the soil depending on their structure and fertilisation systems are presented. It was established that organic-mineral fertilisation systems formed the highest fodder productivity of crop rotations and the best indicators of the balance of nutrients in the soil. Conclusions. Application of N53Р42K42 + 6.7 t of manure per 1 ha of arable land in crop rotation provided the highest fodder productivity of 9.2 t/ha with an advantage over control without fertilisers of 3.8 t per 1 ha of crop rotation area. The application of conventional and alternative organic-mineral fertilisation systems was determined to be effective in row crop rotation: the productivity of crop rotation was 8.4 and 8.3 tons of fodder units per 1 ha of crop rotation area, respectively. Organic-mineral fertilisation systems formed an optimal balance of nitrogen in grass and grain and row crop rotations with the intensity of the balance of 94–95% and 100–103%, respectively. In the grain and row crop rotation, the nitrogen balance was negative at the intensity of 82–84%. In all crop rotations, the combined application of organic and mineral fertilisers contributed to the accumulation of phosphorus in the soil and formed a positive phosphorus balance at an intensity of 103–115%. None of the fertilisation systems provided a positive balance of potassium in the soil. The best indicators of potassium balance in crop rotations were formed by applying N53Р42K42 per 1 ha of arable land + by-products with a potassium deficit of 33–41 kg/ha of the crop rotation area and the intensity of its balance of 73–78%.

Economic Viability of Organic Fertilization in Forage Oats (Avena sativa L.) in the Mexicali Valley

O Objective: To economically evaluate the use of chemical, organic and organic-mineral fertilizers in of forage oat production in the Mexicali Valley; and to determine the profitability of each fertilization type. Design/methodology/approach: Three treatments were established, one chemically fertilized (T1), one with organic fertilization (T2), and one with organic-mineral fertilization (T3) with two replications under a completely randomized design. Cash flow, financial costs and economic costs were calculated. Results: Fertilization costs accounted for between 37% and 52% of the cost structure. Treatments T2 and T3 did not cover production costs. Only treatment T1 treatment demonstrated the ability to cover both production and financial costs. None of the treatments covered economic costs. Limitations on study/implications: It is suggested to replicate the economic viability analyses in consecutive productive cycles, as other studies have shown positive impacts on soil fertility. Findings/conclusions: The organic and organic-mineral fertilization systems (T2 and T3) were not profitable in the short term. The chemical fertilization system (T1) demonstrated the ability to cover, in addition to production costs, the depreciation costs of fixed assets. However, none of the treatments showed the ability to compensate the risk of investing in the activity.

Yield of potato varieties under the effect of weather conditions and fertilisation system

Purpose. To determine the influence of application of the ‘Quantum’ system products and weather conditions on yield formation in potato varieties of the Institute for Potato Research, cultivated on sod-podzolic sandy loam soils of Polissia of Ukraine. Methods. A field study was conducted in the technological crop rotation of the Institute for Potato Research (Kyiv region) in 2021–2023. The experiments were based on the following scheme: factor A − weather conditions; factor B – ‘Quantum’ system products; factor C – ‘Zhytnytsia’ and ‘Melaniia’ potato varieties. Results. The weather conditions during the years of the study had significant effects on the potato crop growth, development, and formation. The application of a set of agrotechnical practices helps increase potato yields, improves the quality of tubers and preserves soil fertility. New potato varieties ‘Zhytnytsia’ and ‘Melaniia’ reacted positively to the application of fertilisers, their rates, and methods of application. According to the study conducted in 2021, two treatments for ‘Zhytnytsia’ and ‘Melaniia’ varieties can be selected: 4th treatment – N90P60K90 (locally) + Quantum Diafan 3-18-18 (2 l/t) + Prolonged nitrogen and 6th treatment – N90P60K90 (locally) + Quantum SiAmin (0.5 l/t) + Prolonged nitrogen. For ‘Zhytnytsia’ variety, the yield increased by 10.5 t/ha (4th treatment) and by 9.4 t/ha (6th treatment) compared to the control (21.8 t/ha). For the ‘Melaniia’ variety, these indicators were 4.7 and 3.8 t/ha, respectively, compared to the control (20.3 t/ha). In 2022, with the application of various types of fertilisers and stimulants for ‘Zhytnytsia’ variety, the yield increased by 5.3 t/ha (4th treatment) and 6.3 t/ha (6th treatment) compared to the control (14.0 t/ha). For the ‘Melaniia’ variety, these indicators were 7.9 and 4.7 t/ha, respectively, compared to the control (20.9 t/ha). In 2023, again, both ‘Zhytnytsia’ and ‘Melaniia’ varieties had 2 treatments: 4th – N90P60K90 (locally) + Quantum Diafan 3-18-18 (2 l/t) + Prolonged nitrogen, and 6th – N90P60K90 (locally) + Quantum SEAmin (0.5 l/t) + prolonged nitrogen. For the ‘Zhytnytsia’ variety, the yield increase to the control (14.0 t/ha) was 10.8 t/ha in the 4th treatment and 14.6 t/ha in the 6th treatment). For ‘Melaniia’ variety, these indicators were 9.0 and 7.9 t/ha, respectively, compared to the control (22.8 t/ha). The same treatments, due to the application of Prolonged nitrogen, had a longer, on average by 10–15 days, growing season, which contributed to an increase in yield. Conclusions. The correct selection of mineral nutrition and the use of ‘Quantum’ system products, despite rather adverse weather conditions for potato crop, ensured the overall resistance of plants to stress factors (low temperatures, lack of moisture, high air and soil temperatures, sharp temperature changes). It stimulated the development of potato plants and ensured the formation of high-quality seed material. This indicates the positive impact of the NPK fertiliser, seaweed extract enriched with essential nutrients, a complex of biologically active substances, in particular auxin-type phytohormones, fertiliser of antistress action with amino acids, easily accessible biologically active forms of boron, and organic forms of potassium. Concentrated copper microfertiliser with a pronounced antibacterial and fungicidal effect provided highly effective protection against diseases. In general, new potato varieties ‘Zhytnytsia’ and ‘Melaniia’ reacted positively to the application of fertilisers and ‘Quantum’ system products, rates of fertilisers and methods of their application. On average, over three years of the study, the highest yield of potato tubers was provided in the 4th treatment – (N90P60K90 (locally) + Quantum Diafan 3-18-18 (2 l/t) + Prolonged nitrogen) and in the 6th treatment – N90P60K90 (locally) + Quantum SEAmin (0.5 l/t) + Prolonged nitrogen, both for ‘Zhytnytsia’ and ‘Melaniia’ varieties. The increase to the control was 8.9 and 10.1 t/ha, and 7.2 and 5.6 t/ha, respectively.

Deployment of a Modern Sustainable Agricultural System Based on Drip Irrigation and Organic Liquid Fertilization in Patemon Village

Abstract In this era, technological advancements in agriculture are burgeoning rapidly. Despite widespread adoption, traditional practices persist in many regions, as exemplified by Patemon Village, where farmers rely on manual irrigation and fertilization. Additionally, synthetic pesticides continue to be widely used due to their perceived speed and efficacy in addressing pest issues. However, synthetic pesticides have drawbacks such as pest resistance, the killing of natural predators, environmental pollution issues, and are extremely hazardous to human health. This research aims to develop a systematic irrigation and fertilization system that assists farmers in optimizing their time and energy while minimizing wastewater usage and promoting the adoption of liquid organic fertilizers that support higher-quality and environmentally friendly agriculture. The design of the automated irrigation and fertilization system utilizes a drip irrigation system. The liquid organic fertilizer produced utilizes natural resources from plants and animal waste. The outcome of this program is the implementation of modern farming practices with automated irrigation and fertilization, as well as the use of environmentally friendly liquid organic fertilizers.

The ethnic diversity of farmer groups in environmental management of lowland rice farming in Rias Village, Toboali District, South Bangka Regency

Abstract An increase in population quantity and community cultural diversity drives the need for the Bangka Belitung Islands Province to increase the productivity of the agricultural sector, especially rice as the main source of staple food. Not only is increasing the quantity of lowland rice production a measure of guaranteeing food security, but managing a healthy agricultural environment is also very important in achieving the sustainability target of national food security. What is unique is that the group of farmers in the rice production center of Bangka Belitung, namely Rias Village, Toboali District, South Bangka Regency, has a variety of cultures whose domicile is grouped based on ethnicity. This research was carried out to map the locus of lowland rice farmer groups based on ethnicity and describe the character of environmental management of lowland rice farming in the context of sustainable food security. The research method used was a survey of 60 rice farmers, mapping farmer group loci, and quantitative descriptive methods. The research results are depicted in a locus map of farmer groups of Bangka ethnic, Javanese, Bugis, and Sundanese ethnic groups. It was found that differences in the environmental management characteristics of lowland rice farming include: the selection of rice varieties, different agricultural practices, such as the use of organic fertilizer, traditional-based irrigation, crop rotation, cooperation patterns, and land ownership systems.

Effects of Nutrient Deficiency on Crop Yield and Soil Nutrients Under Winter Wheat–Summer Maize Rotation System in the North China Plain

The wheat–maize rotation system in the North China Plain (NCP) has a large amount of crop straw. However, improper crop straw management and blind fertilization lead to nutrient imbalance and accelerated nutrient loss from the soil, ultimately leading to nutrient deficiency affecting the wheat–maize rotation system. In order to explore the effects of nutrient deficiency on the yield and nutrient use efficiency of wheat and maize, the experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design consisting of five treatments with three replicates for each treatment: (1) a potassium fertilizer deficiency and appropriate nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer treatment (NP); (2) a phosphate fertilizer deficiency and appropriate nitrogen and potassium fertilizer treatment (NK); (3) a nitrogen fertilizer deficiency and appropriate phosphate and potassium fertilizer treatment (PK); (4) an adequate nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer treatment (NPK); and (5) a no-fertilizer treatment (CK). The results showed that, compared with CK, the yields of wheat and maize treated with NPK were increased by 21.5% and 27.5%, respectively, and the accumulation of the dry matter of the wheat and maize was increased by 42.5% and 57.3%. In all the deficiency treatments, the NK treatment performed better in terms of yield compared to the NP and PK treatments, while the NP treatment demonstrated a greater increase in dry matter accumulation. The NPK treatment significantly improved the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and nitrogen harvest index (NHI) of the wheat and maize, which resulted in higher nitrogen accumulation in the NPK treatment, and the NP treatment was the best among the other nutrient deficiency treatments. The inorganic nitrogen content showed a similar trend. In conclusion, nutrient deficiency can severely restrict crop growth. Nitrogen deficiency can significantly reduce crop yields. Phosphorus deficiency had a greater impact than potassium deficiency in terms of nutrient absorption and accumulation. Therefore, nitrogen fertilizer application should be emphasized in crop rotation systems, with moderate increases in phosphorus fertilizer application. This practice can effectively improve the nutrient deficiency under the wheat and maize rotation system in the NCP and complete a rational fertilization system.

Sustainability analysis of cassava through mix organic with chemical fertilization system and the impact on farmer’s income in Dan Khun Thot, Nakorn Ratchasima Province, Thailand

Abstract This study focuses on assessing cassava’s sustainability through implementing a mixed fertilization system, combining organic and chemical fertilizers. The study will also evaluate how this system impacts the income of farmers in Dan Khun Thot, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. Cassava is notorious for its voracious nutrient absorption, and without sustainable cultivation management, it can lead to soil infertility. Understanding and implementing sustainable practices is vital for the long-term success of cassava farming and the financial well-being of farmers. Survey methods including interviews, matrix ranking, working calendar, soil test, implementation, and observation conducted this research. Based on a survey of 50 farmers from 5 villages in Dan Kun Thot (Ban Wang Paru Ngam, Ban NonSa-Ard, Ban Sub Prai, Ban Huay Bong, and Ban Pa Rung Ngam), it was found that 23% of the farmers used mixed fertilization and achieved a productivity of 4,021.7 kg/rai (1 rai = 0.16 ha). On the other hand, 27% of the farmers used non-mixed fertilization and achieved a lower productivity of 3,253.7 kg/rai, which is a 23.6% increase the implementation of mixed fertilization also increased farmers’ income by 28.45%, even though the total production cost increased by 10.25%.