Data Transmission System Research Articles

Influence of external factors on the success of transmissing messages during the monitoring of wild reindeer movements using the “Argos” satellite system (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i>)

Currently, satellite telemetry is increasingly in use in environmental research. As a result, researchers obtain a large amount of data on the use of space by animals. However, despite the perfection of modern satellite navigation and data transmission systems, reports on the positions of animals are extremely uneven. We consider here the main technical and natural factors that may influence the success of spacecraft in the “Argos” satellite system receiving messages emitted by radio beacons installed on animals. Among the natural factors when an animal is under the forest canopy, the greatest influence has been established to be exerted by the closure of tree crowns, which can be offset by the abundance of snow in the crowns after heavy snowfalls. Dense clouds have a weaker effect. Of the technical factors associated with the characteristics of flights of satellites of the “Argos” system, the success of receiving messages is influenced, first of all, by the maximum angle of elevation of the satellite above the horizon and the intensity of flights of satellites with a maximum angle of elevation above the horizon of more than 10° per unit time. This is due to the high unevenness of message receipt. At night and in the afternoon, due to a reduction in the number of satellite flights and a decrease in the altitude of their trajectories, the success of reception may decrease to 3% of the number of transmitted messages.

Data Acquisition System for a Hydroelectric Turbine with Deformable Blades

The scientific paper proposes a remote data transmission and acquisition system, for the analysis of the electrical parameters of a portable hydroelectric turbine with deformable blades placed on the stream. The major objective proposed by the authors is to monitor the transformation of the kinetic energy of water into electricity. Due to the impossibility of directly measuring the turbine elements as a whole, remote data transmission was chosen. This information is collected from the generator of the hydroelectric turbine through transducer elements into digital signals, is encoded and transmitted wirelessly to the receiver located on the shore, decoded, and then processed in real time and displayed on the monitor screen of a computer system in order to make decisions when the situation requires it. Data transmission is carried out in both directions (half duplex) through an efficient request/response communication protocol. Considering that the turbine is located in a hard-to-reach place, on the river, it was imposed to supply with reserve electric energy, autonomous from batteries, for the electronic part that is responsible for acquiring data from the hydroelectric generator. In this way, the monitoring circuit works permanently regardless of the turbine’s operating mode: normal or fault. The authors also present in detail the research methodology, the research results, the final conclusions resulting from the experimental data as well as the original contributions made through this applied research.

TVIRTUAL SERVICE ROUTER VESR IN PACKET SWITCHING NETWORKS

Modern networks and data transmission systems are based mainly on the use of Cisco hardware, as well as (to a lesser extent) Huawei equipment. The introduction of sanctions led to the expansion of by domestic enterprises, among which the most famous is the Eltex. A serious disadvantage of Eltex when creating and debugging data networks, as well as when training specialists in operating networks and systems, was the lack of software tools for modeling network devices, such as Packet Tracer for Cisco; eNSP for Huawei, GNS3. To resolve this problem, Eltex developers created «vESR» (Virtual Service Router). The vESR router was introduced on June 6, 2023 [1]. It is designed for configuring and debugging routing, as well as protecting corporate networks. vESR is installed via Oracle VirtualBox or VMware ESXi hypervisors on the Linux or Windows system.

Transformation of the science of Information Law and information legislation: a new stage in the conditions of scientific and technological development of Russia

The authors of the article analyze the current trends in the development of the doctrine of Information Law and information legislation in the context of updated tasks for the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation. It is noted that in the context of the development of an information society based on the digital economy and the data economy, the transformation of law is taking place, which is largely facilitated by the active evolution of Information Law, the expansion of its subject due to the rapid formation of digital law as a basic institution (an emerging sub-sector) responsible for the features of legal provision of information processes and phenomena in digital form. It is within the framework of this industry that legal support for the digitalization of society takes place both at the expense of basic information and legal norms governing the basic provisions (principles of regulation of digital relations, the regime of digital data and other objects of the digital environment, the legal status of subjects of the digital environment, as well as other legal aspects that reflect the essence of the digital form, the application of which is universal and can be applied in law in general), as well as through industry-specific digital norms developed and adopted within a particular branch of law, reflecting the specifics of the implementation of digital processes in relation to a specific area of public relations, regulated by the relevant branch of law. The main directions of scientific and technological development and the tasks of Information Law are also studied. The authors note that the scientific and technological development of Russia today is based on a number of principles that are important to take into account in the development of information legislation and the science of Information Law. Modern information processes and technologies directly permeate and ensure the functioning of all priority areas of scientific and technological development and are part of or ensure the application of all the most important high-tech technologies. In this regard, it is important to work out and consolidate at the theoretical level in information legislation mechanisms that contribute to the effective implementation of the accelerated development and introduction of these important knowledge-intensive technologies into the economy, including within the framework of national projects to ensure technological leadership. As a result of the analysis of critical and end-to-end technologies, it was revealed that the main emphasis in the development of information legislation and the doctrine of Information Law should be placed on the formation of models for regulating the use of artificial intelligence technologies in economic sectors, the social sphere (including the sphere of public safety) and in public authorities, including the development of regulation of robotics, as well as microelectronics technologies and photonics for information storage, processing, transmission and protection systems, technologies of secure quantum data transmission systems. The authors draw a number of conclusions about the development of the principles of regulation of artificial intelligence, as well as the prospects for the development of legal regulation of the field of robotics. The analysis is given of the discussed problems of Information Law at the Seventh Bachilov Readings, held in 2024 at the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

The Application of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Technology in Wireless Communications

Abstract: With the rapid advancement of wireless communication technology, enhancing data transmission rates, system capacity, and reliability has emerged as a key challenge. The paper investigates the application of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna technology in wireless communication. By using multiple antennas for simultaneous signal transmission and reception, MIMO technology can effectively mitigate multipath effects and enhances channel capacity. And channel models of MIMO systems, capacity optimization strategies, and power allocation methods are also discussed. The results indicate that MIMO technology significantly improves transmission rates and signal quality in complex propagation environments. However, practical applications continue to face challenges such as channel estimation errors and antenna correlation. Therefore, the paper highlights the significance of MIMO technology in wireless communication systems and outlines potential directions for future research.

A small variable rate underwater CAN-fiber data transmission system

Abstract Currently, the primary data transmission methods underwater include optical fibers, radio waves, blue-green light, underwater acoustics, electric fields, and inductive coupling electric fields. Optical fibers are extensively utilized for underwater data transmission due to their benefits, such as long transmission distances, strong anti-interference capabilities, good environmental adaptability, and minimal limitations from navigating carriers. However, optical fibers face challenges in meeting high-speed transmission requirements beyond 10km due to communication distance constraints. As a result, optical fibers are often used as a replacement for the CAN communication system, but they come with drawbacks such as large volume and fixed speed. They lack dynamic testing and release-length experiments, supporting only one-time use. To tackle these issues, this paper presents a comprehensive design of a variable (adaptive) baud rate optoelectronic data transmission system for underwater applications with limited space. Lake trials were conducted under various conditions, demonstrating the system’s excellent performance. It ensures high-speed data transmission without interference and extends communication distances. This system holds significant reference value for the engineering implementation of composite data transmission systems constrained by space.

Internet based highly secure data transmission system in health care monitoring system

<span>The health care systems in our contemporary countries are advancing rapidly in terms of maturity and professionalism. In an effort to alleviate the current burden on the public health system and boost the popularity of regular health self-checks, this method has been developed for producing prediagnoses that are easier to use, quicker, and more accurate. To ascertain how well the heart is circulating oxygen throughout the body, a pulse test, a painless examination that measures an individual's degree of oxygen saturation, is used. It can be used to evaluate the state of any patient with a disease, particularly those with pulmonary problems. Diseases in these patients could need ongoing observation and care. Our system comes to the rescue in order to resolve this problem. This portable system is simple to use and may be taken anywhere by the subject. The internet of things (IoT) will update the pertinent parameters. This health monitoring system's controller is made up of an adaptor, a saturation of peripheral oxygen (SPO2 ) sensor (a blood oxygen meter), a temperature sensor, a heart rate sensor, a WiFi module, and a liquid crystal display (LCD).</span>

Wireless Data Transmission through Concrete Structures

Chloride ion presence in the concrete pore solution is an important factor in the initiation of rebar corrosion. Therefore, elevated chloride concentration in the pore solution needs to be detected as early as possible. For this early detection to be achieved, it is ideal to deploy sensors inside the concrete structure itself. This allows real time sampling of the pore solution which is closest to the rebar. To achieve this one needs to have a system based on wireless communication which allow the sensors to communicate within the structure. This would avoid wired communications methods, which impart fragility and implementation difficulties. This literature review paper endeavours to look at the various types of radiation which can be harnessed to penetrate through the opaque concrete structure. Potential data transmission methods utilising Radio Frequency Radiation, Ultrasonic Radiation, X-Ray Radiation and Neutron Beam Radiation physics were reviewed and evaluated against a set of parameters. The paper scores each radiation type against System Size, Power Supply Requirements, Transmission Range, Complexity of Circuits and Safety issues. Through these scores, each transmission technology was graded on its potential to act as the basis on which to build a micrometre sized intra-concrete data transmission system. The paper shows that ultrasonic radiation is the most promising radiation technology for use in this application.

IPv6NC Network Coding Protocol Based on IPv6 Extension Headers

Subject of the research. The paper presents a new IPv6NC network coding protocol based on the use of IPv6 network protocol extension headers. Purpose. Development of a data transfer protocol based on the analysis of existing principles and models of network coding, as well as the use of IPv6 protocol extension headers to transfer network coding parameters. Methods. Analysis of existing principles and models of network coding, as well as the use of IPv6 extension headers for transmitting network coding parameters. Results. The paper describes application of developed protocol for different network coding approaches and presents network coding parameters to be transmitted in packet headers to perform network coding and guideline of their representation in the type-length-value format for standard IPv6 extension headers. Also the paper gives the structure of a special extension header for transmitting network coding parameters. Novelty. For the first time, IPv6 uses extension headers for networc coding. Practical relevance. The developed protocol is intended for the implementation of multicast transmission and relay with network coding in various data transmission systems.

Wireless Data Transmission through Concrete Structures

Chloride ion presence in the concrete pore solution is an important factor in the initiation of rebar corrosion. Therefore, elevated chloride concentration in the pore solution needs to be detected as early as possible. For this early detection to be achieved, it is ideal to deploy sensors inside the concrete structure itself. This allows real time sampling of the pore solution which is closest to the rebar. To achieve this one needs to have a system based on wireless communication which allow the sensors to communicate within the structure. This would avoid wired communications methods, which impart fragility and implementation difficulties. This literature review paper endeavours to look at the various types of radiation which can be harnessed to penetrate through the opaque concrete structure. Potential data transmission methods utilising Radio Frequency Radiation, Ultrasonic Radiation, X-Ray Radiation and Neutron Beam Radiation physics were reviewed and evaluated against a set of parameters. The paper scores each radiation type against System Size, Power Supply Requirements, Transmission Range, Complexity of Circuits and Safety issues. Through these scores, each transmission technology was graded on its potential to act as the basis on which to build a micrometre sized intra-concrete data transmission system. The paper shows that ultrasonic radiation is the most promising radiation technology for use in this application.

Optimizing fountain codes for DNA data storage

Fountain codes, originally developed for reliable multicasting in communication networks, are effectively applied in various data transmission and storage systems. Their recent use in DNA data storage systems has unique challenges, since the DNA storage channel deviates from the traditional Gaussian white noise erasure model considered in communication networks and has several restrictions as well as special properties. Thus, optimizing fountain codes to address these challenges promises to improve their overall usability in DNA data storage systems. In this article, we present several methods for optimizing fountain codes for DNA data storage. Apart from generally applicable optimizations for fountain codes, we propose optimization algorithms to create tailored distribution functions of fountain codes, which is novel in the context of DNA data storage. We evaluate the proposed methods in terms of various metrics related to the DNA storage channel. Our evaluation shows that optimizing fountain codes for DNA data storage can significantly enhance the reliability and capacity of DNA data storage systems. The developed methods represent a step forward in harnessing the full potential of fountain codes for DNA-based data storage applications. The new coding schemes and all developed methods are available under a free and open-source software license.

Secure Data Aggregation and Transmission System for Wireless Body Area Networks Using Twofish Symmetric Key Generation

Nowadays, Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are mostly used in the healthcare industry. They represent a portable, inexpensive network that exhibition adaptability. The data developed using WBAN devices is vulnerable to transmission-related internal and external attacks; nevertheless, this vulnerability arises due to resource restrictions; by employing data aggregation technologies to conduct statistical analyses of medical data while protecting patient privacy, medical professionals can enhance the precision of diagnoses and assist medical insurance firms in selecting optimal plans for their clients. Maintaining the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive health information becomes more stimulating at the stages of aggregation and transmission due to security issues. This study proposes a novel method, Twofish Symmetric Key Generation (TFSKG), combined into a Secure Data Aggregation (SDA) and transmission system intended for WBANs. The Twofish technique is animatedly employed to make the secure symmetric keys chosen for its robust encryption capabilities. These keys are used to encrypt and decrypt aggregated health data through transmission. The proposed TFSKG-SDA method implements effective algorithms for aggregating data to safeguard end-to-end privacy and preserve data accuracy while reducing bandwidth consumption. Thus, for improved performance, an innovative genetic algorithm for data security is presented in this study. This paper introduces TFSKG-SDA, a system that, by employing rigorous simulation testing, enhances security protocols, resistance against recognized threats, and data transmission efficacy in the context of resource-constrained WBANs. We assess the encryption strength, computational cost, and communication efficiency of the TFSKG- SDA method to prove its significance to real-world healthcare applications.

AUTOMATED TECHNOLOGY OF MEASUREMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF FARM ANIMALS

Abstract. The development and application of automated technologies in the agricultural sector have significantly transformed the management and monitoring of farm animals. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of existing technical systems for measuring the physiological parameters of farm animals, particularly focusing on cows. The primary goal of these technologies is to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of health monitoring and to optimize livestock management through continuous data collection and analysis. Key technological solutions include the use of wireless data transmission systems, radio monitoring devices, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). These technologies enable real-time tracking of animal health parameters such as body temperature, heart rate, movement patterns, and other critical indicators. The use of various sensors, including ear, neck, and intra-body sensors, plays a crucial role in collecting primary physiological data. These sensors are integrated into a broader system that includes radio modules with built-in controllers for converting raw data into digital formats, enabling wireless transmission to central systems for processing and storage. The radio monitoring of animals allows for the continuous tracking of physiological and behavioral parameters across large areas, providing crucial insights into their well-being. It is particularly beneficial in detecting early signs of disease or health issues, ensuring timely intervention, and preventing potential economic losses for farmers. The integration of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) further expands the capabilities of monitoring systems, enabling the visual assessment of animals' behavior and movement across vast pastures. Equipped with video cameras and data relays, UAVs collect video footage that is transmitted to a central processing unit for real-time analysis and storage. The combined use of radio monitoring and UAV technology forms a comprehensive framework for livestock management, allowing farmers to make data-driven decisions, optimize resource allocation, and improve overall herd health and productivity. By leveraging these automated systems, it becomes possible to reduce the dependency on manual labor, minimize human error, and ensure that animals are closely monitored without the need for constant physical presence. This represents a significant advancement in modern animal farming, aligning with global trends toward smart farming and precision agriculture. In conclusion, the integration of automated physiological monitoring technologies in farm animal management presents an innovative solution for enhancing animal welfare, improving farm efficiency, and reducing operational costs. These systems hold considerable potential for further advancements in the field of animal health monitoring, ultimately contributing to more sustainable and productive farming practices.

Smart forest monitoring: A novel Internet of Things framework with shortest path routing for sustainable environmental management

AbstractForests play a pivotal role in protecting the environment, preserving vital natural resources, and ultimately sustaining human life. However, the escalating occurrences of forest fires, whether of human origin or due to climate change, poses a significant threat to this ecosystem. In recent decades, the emergence of the IoT has been characterised by the utilisation of smart sensors for real‐time data collection. IoT facilitates proactive decision‐making for forest monitoring, control, and protection through advanced data analysis techniques, including AI algorithms. This research study presents a comprehensive approach to deploying a dynamic and adaptable network topology in forest environments, aimed at optimising data transmission and enhancing system reliability. Three distinct topologies are proposed in this research study: direct transmission from nodes to gateways, cluster formation with multi‐step data transmission, and clustering with data relayed by cluster heads. A key innovation is the use of high‐powered telecommunication modules in cluster heads, enabling long‐range data transmission while considering energy efficiency through solar power. To enhance system reliability, this study incorporates a reserve routing mechanism to mitigate the impact of node or cluster head failures. Additionally, the placement of gateway nodes is optimised using meta‐heuristic algorithms, including particle swarm optimisation (PSO), harmony search algorithm (HSA), and ant colony optimisation for continuous domains (ACOR), with ACOR emerging as the most effective. The primary objective of this article is to reduce power consumption, alleviate network traffic, and decrease nodes' interdependence, while also considering reliability coefficients and error tolerance as additional considerations. As shown in the results, the proposed methods effectively reduce network traffic, optimise routing, and ensure robust performance across various environmental conditions, highlighting the importance of these tailored topologies in enhancing energy efficiency, data accuracy, and network reliability in forest monitoring applications.

Experimental Study of an Industrial Data Transmission Network in the Automatic Control System of a Wind Turbine

This article explores and optimizes network technologies for wind energy systems, focusing on the RS-485 interface to ensure reliable data transmission in extreme conditions. The study aims to address the impact of various distortions on data quality and wind turbine management. A system was proposed with two wind turbines, each equipped with a Raspberry Pi 4, connected to sensors measuring temperature, vibration, and wind speed. The research examined how data transmission rates affect signal shape, calculating the distortion coefficient. At 460,800 baud, the signal was almost completely distorted, with significant amplitude loss. The distortion coefficients were 1.84 for logic ‘1’ and 1.92 for logic ‘0’. The optimal speed to minimize distortions was found to be 19,200 baud, providing the most stable signal. Additionally, temperature significantly impacted transmission quality, highlighting the need to consider climatic conditions in system design. The findings and methods can help improve existing data transmission systems and enhance wind turbine performance.

Multi-bit error detection and correction technique using HVDK (Horizontal-Vertical-Diagonal-Knight) parity

In a data stream, errors are quite likely to occur and sometimes this is much more terrible. So, data safety is very important in digital systems, especially in critical and real-time systems, microprocessors, embedded systems, computer memory, and data communication. The probability of soft error increases with the exponential rate of increasing transistor per chip, operational voltage, particle strike, condensation of bit-cell area, etc. To ensure data integrity, safety, and system reliability, error detection, and correction are fundamental components of data transmission and storage systems. Existing error correction techniques can solve several bits of error. However, these existing methods are not fully efficient, as some consume a lot of time, space, and bit overhead. An ideal approach will have the potential to minimize all of these parameters. This research paper proposes a novel error correction approach with horizontal, vertical, diagonal, and knight (HVDK) parity bits. This approach has been taken to correct 5-bit errors in 64 bits of data word using the parity-based technique with less bit overhead. Our research advances the knowledge of error correction methods and sheds light on how to pick and use parity bit schemes that are appropriate for different applications.

Research on the meteorological data transmission system of civil aircraft based on BeiDou satellite

Abstract With the official opening of the Beidou-3 global satellite navigation system, Beidou has entered a new era of global services, extending its service area to the whole world. With the advantages of sufficient data volume and high data security, the BeiDou-3 short message satellite communication system can provide global communication services for airlines, realize two-way data transmission between air and land, and effectively reduce the operating costs of airline companies. Aiming at the demand for low-cost civil aircraft weather data transmission proposed by domestic and foreign airline companies, the current development of civil aviation weather information transmission and the current application status of BeiDou in civil aviation were studied, and the BeiDou satellite-based civil aircraft weather data transmission system was designed. The system architecture, detailed functions and data transmission workflow were analyzed, and the message coding structure was designed using bit-based coding technology. Finally, the feasibility of the scheme is verified through the data demand analysis of weather news and the onboard flight test on a domestic aircraft. The results show that t-he BeiDou short message function has the ability to realize the weather data transmission of a civilian aircraft.

Design of an Integrated System for Spaceborne SAR Imaging and Data Transmission.

In response to the conflicting demands between real-time satellite communication and high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging, we propose a method that aligns the data transmission rate with the imaging data volume. This approach balances SAR performance with the requirements for real-time data transmission. To meet the need for mobile user terminals to access real-time SAR imagery data of their surroundings without depending on large traditional ground data transmission stations, we developed an application system based on filter bank multicarrier offset quadrature amplitude modulation (FBMC-OQAM). To address the interference problem with SAR signals' transmission and reception, we developed a signal sequence based on spaceborne SAR echo and data transmission and reception. This system enables SAR and data transmission signals to share the same frequency band, radio frequency transmission system, and antenna, creating an integrated sensing and communication system. Simulation experiments showed that, compared to the equal power allocation scheme for subcarriers, the echo image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improved by 2.79 dB and the data transmission rate increased by 24.075 Mbps.

Enhancing Smart Healthcare Networks: Integrating Attribute-Based Encryption for Optimization and Anti-Corruption Mechanisms

This study investigates the feasibility and effectiveness of integrating Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) into smart healthcare networks, with a particular focus on its role in enhancing anti-corruption mechanisms. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of current vulnerabilities in these networks, identifying potential data security risks. An anti-corruption mechanism is designed to ensure data integrity and reliability. The ABE approach is then empirically compared to other prominent encryption algorithms, such as Identity-Based Encryption, Data Encryption Standard, Advanced Encryption Standard, and Rivest-Shamir-Adleman algorithms. These methods are evaluated based on access latency, data transmission speed, system stability, and anti-corruption capabilities. Experimental results highlight the strengths of the ABE algorithm, demonstrating an average access latency of 31.6 milliseconds, a data transmission speed of 3.56 MB/s, and an average system stability of 98.74%. Furthermore, when integrated into anti-corruption mechanisms, ABE effectively protects against data tampering and misuse, ensuring secure data transmission. Compared to alternative algorithms, ABE offers a more efficient, secure, and stable solution for data management within smart healthcare networks, supported by its robust anti-corruption capabilities. This positions ABE as an optimal choice for safeguarding the integrity and security of healthcare data.

Low-power coding method in data transmission systems

The object of the study is the Network-on-Chip (NoC) technology, which has become a popular choice for the on-chip communication architecture of modern System-on-Chip (SoC) devices. The subject matter of the article is methods of reducing dissipated power in NoC and SoC. The goal of the work is: development of a low-power coding method that allows for the efficient transmission or storage of information. The following tasks are solved in the article: analysis of classification methods for combinatorial structures, construction a system of typical representatives and analysis of their characteristics. The research methods are based on the use of set theory, system theory and combinatorics. The following results are obtained: analyzed factors that affect the dissipated power, considered principles of constructing energy-efficient codes. It is shown that switching activity significantly affects the total power and one of the effective methods for reducing switching activity during communication between devices or on-chip communication is the use of low-power coding methods. A method of hierarchical classification of unit distance codes and algorithms for solving step-by-step problems have been developed. The method is based on the invariant approach and construction of a system of different representatives. Estimates of their number have been obtained, characteristics have been determined, and catalogs of typical representatives have been formed. Conclusions. The article analyzes factors that affect dissipated power, and considers the principles of constructing energy-efficient codes. A method of hierarchical classification of single distance codes and algorithms for solving step-by-step problems have been developed, and catalogs of typical representatives have been formed. The application of the developed method will allow developers to analyze and select codes with the best properties and, as a result, obtain better results in terms of network delays, energy costs, and other design limitations for computer systems.