Customizable System Research Articles

Psychological Factors for the Formation of Collective Ecological Consciousness

This article presents the results of a theoretical analysis of the concept of collective ecological consciousness from the standpoint of its characteristics. It also displays fundamental differences between ecological and individual consciousness. Furthermore, the paper depicts the correlation between environmental culture, which arises in the process of socialization, and the power of environmental intents aimed at protecting the environment. During the integration into society, an individual learns a universal system of beliefs, values, customs, traditions, norms, and rules that are followed by dominant public. They also evolve relationships with the world and nature surrounding them. In particular, in a society with a high level of development of collective ecological consciousness, young people from an early age employ effective strategies for the conservation and restoration of natural resources. Thus, the authors draw attention to the crisis of morality and spirituality, which is the main reason for developing a selfish type of collective ecological consciousness. The authors give examples of environmental education concepts and training to lay the theoretical foundation for developing effective programs to improve environmental culture in the younger generation.

Microprocessor Subsystem of the Smart House to Control the Multichannel Irrigation of the Room Plants

This article develops the principles of building an intelligent home microprocessor subsystem to control the multi-channel irrigation of houseplants. The relevance of this topic has also been substantiated. Currently, there is a small number of devices in demand with a comfortable user interface and timer, which allows to adjust the watering at any time of day. The advantages over other available analogs and the need to create a customized system have been investigated. The developed structural- schematic diagram of the irrigation control system of houseplants based on the Arduino Nano microcontroller and a diagram of the algorithm of the subsystem has been proposed and given. As a result, there has been an example of the development of a subsystem that aims to improve and simplify the care of houseplants, which will save time and water resources.

EasyGDB: a low-maintenance and highly customizable system to develop genomics portals.

SummaryEasyGDB is an easy-to-implement low-maintenance tool developed to create genomic data management web platforms. It can be used for any species, group of species, or multiple genome or annotation versions. EasyGDB provides a framework to develop a web portal that includes the general information about species, projects and members, and bioinformatics tools such as file downloads, BLAST, genome browser, annotation search, gene expression visualization, annotation and sequence download, and gene ids and orthologs lookup. The code of EasyGDB facilitates data maintenance and update for non-experienced bioinformaticians, using BLAST databases to store and retrieve sequence data in gene annotation pages and bioinformatics tools, and JSON files to customize metadata. EasyGDB is a highly customizable tool. Any section and tool can be enabled or disabled like a switch through a single configuration file. This tool aims to simplify the development of genomics portals in non-model species, providing a modern web style with embedded interactive bioinformatics tools to cover all the common needs derived from genomics projects.Availability and implementation The code and manual to use EasyGDB can be found at https://github.com/noefp/easy_gdb.

Substrate Color Prediction through Active Monitoring of the Exhaustion Dyeing Process

Nowadays, the monitoring and control of the exhaustion dyeing processes is still done in a reactive and indirect fashion. The monitoring focusses on variables that influence the output of the dyeing process, such as temperature, pH and electrolytes concentration. This approach is more reactive than preventive, since it does not proactively detect deviations in the dyed substrate color that are caused by other process variables.The aim of this work is to develop a customized system that could actively monitor and predict the color of the dyed substrate after washing. This involves mathematical models and integration of a USB 4000 spectrophotometer and T300 dip probe made by Ocean Optics, which collects, analyzes and process the data from dyeing solutions. Validation tests performed with direct dyes and 100% cotton fabrics showed a good correlation with the real results, especially after 60 minutes of dyeing. For all the tested dyes, applied alone and combined, the color differences (ΔE94) between the measured and the predicted color were equal or less than 0.70 and 1.52 respectively.

Rapid warning microanalyzer for heavy metals monitoring in natural waters

A warning microanalyzer for the rapid monitoring of different heavy metals in water using Carbon Dots (CDs) as selective optical reagents is presented. The synthesized CDs have different surface functionalization and exhibit selective fluorescence quenching by heavy metal ions, that combined with the use of microfluidics, provide sensitivity, ease of automation and reproducibility to the method. Moreover, they present maximum excitation wavelengths around 350 nm, allowing multiparametric analysis with a single light source. Although quantum yields range from 16 % to 78 % depending on the type of CDs, enough sensitivity is achieved for each heavy metal using the same measurement conditions of the optical detection system (lock-in modulating frequency, signal amplitude and measurement frequency). The microanalyzer is composed of a Cyclic Olefin Copolymer (COC) analytical microsystem, a flow management system, and a miniaturized customized optical detection system. In this paper, we demonstrate that our proposed system can be used as a toxicity control system by selectively measuring five different heavy metal ions (Co2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, and Pb2+) with detection limits ranging from 2 to 12 ppb. Spiked tap water samples were analyzed, giving recoveries from 98 % to 134 %. Polluted samples containing four of the five heavy metal ions studied (Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Pb2+) were also analyzed with no significant differences observed between both methods, the proposed microanalyzer and the reference method (ICP-OES).

Development of a New Wearable 3D Sensor Node and Innovative Open Classification System for Dairy Cows' Behavior.

Simple SummaryIn order to keep dairy cows under satisfactory health and welfare conditions, it is very important to monitor the animals in their living environment. With the support of technology, and, in particular, with the installation of sensors on neck-collars, cow behavior can be adequately monitored, and different behavioral patterns can be classified. In this study, an open and customizable device has been developed to classify the behaviors of dairy cows. The device communicates with a mobile application via Bluetooth to acquire raw data from behavioral observations and via an ad hoc radio channel to send the data from the device to the gateway. After observing 32 cows on 3 farms for a total of 108 h, several machine learning algorithms were trained to classify their behaviors. The decision tree algorithm was found to be the best compromise between complexity and accuracy to classify standing, lying, eating, and ruminating. The open nature of the system enables the addition of other functions (e.g., localization) and the integration with other information sources, e.g., climatic sensors, to provide a more complete picture of cow health and welfare in the barn.Monitoring dairy cattle behavior can improve the detection of health and welfare issues for early interventions. Often commercial sensors do not provide researchers with sufficient raw and open data; therefore, the aim of this study was to develop an open and customizable system to classify cattle behaviors. A 3D accelerometer device and host-board (i.e., sensor node) were embedded in a case and fixed on a dairy cow collar. It was developed to work in two modes: (1) acquisition mode, where a mobile application supported the raw data collection during observations; and (2) operating mode, where data was processed and sent to a gateway and on the cloud. Accelerations were sampled at 25 Hz and behaviors were classified in 10-min windows. Several algorithms were trained with the 108 h of behavioral data acquired from 32 cows on 3 farms, and after evaluating their computational/memory complexity and accuracy, the Decision Tree algorithm was selected. This model detected standing, lying, eating, and ruminating with an average accuracy of 85.12%. The open nature of this system enables for the addition of other functions (e.g., real-time localization of cows) and the integration with other information sources, e.g., microenvironment and air quality sensors, thereby enhancing data processing potential.

Адміністрування митних платежів: концептуальний базис в стратегіях розвитку підприємств

Administration of customs duties is an integral part of customs activities and contributes to the international integration of Ukraine with other countries of the world. Unfortunately, the work of domestic customs authorities, unlike similar EU structures, indicates the slow development of the national customs system, the imbalance of its functional purpose and the inability of key customs functions in our country to effectively fulfil its purpose. This also applies to the administration of customs duties, which occurs most often due to the lack of the same understanding of the content load of this concept. Therefore, the purpose of the work is to clarify the content of the concept of "administration of customs duties" with the highlighting of the key characteristics of this process .In order to achieve it, a number of research methods were used, namely, comparison, generalization, analysis were used in the review of scientific publications and regulatory framework, deduction – in order to understand the essence of concepts. As studies have shown, the administration of customs duties is proposed to be considered in two aspects: that is, as the activities of customs and other authorities for the collection and transfer of customs duties to the relevant budgets; as a process of implementation of customs policy in the field of customs duties (duties, VAT, excise duty, customs duties, etc.). To clarify the term "administration of customs duties" in its content load, it is recommended to include the following signs: administration of customs duties is carried out by specially authorized bodies; by the form of administration of customs duties, it belongs to procedural actions; administration of customs duties is associated with the foreign policy and geopolitical component of the state's activities; the key purpose of customs payments administration is to promote the development of foreign economic activity in Ukraine and support the subjects of such activities; administration of customs duties is carried out solely on the basis of legal regulations enshrined in the norms of law (most often, in the norms of customs and tax legislation of the state); administration of customs duties has the nature of management activities; administration of customs duties is a separate administrative subsystem in the public sector of the economy (in its administrative system); in its content, the administration of customs duties includes wide competence boundaries, covering, in particular, both rulemaking and enforcement; administration of customs duties by type of legal regulation is clearly official and imperative. Clarification and expansion of the essence of customs payments administration will facilitate the process of integrating Ukraine into the EU and increasing the level of the fiscal component of the work of customs and tax authorities.

In vitro- and in vivo-derived early antral follicles have comparable in vitro follicular growth and oocyte maturation rates in goats

Recent in vitro follicle culture (IVFC) studies in caprine have yielded lower maturation rates using late preantral follicles compared to early antral follicles. Thus, research focusing on developing stage-specific customized culture systems able to improve the efficiency of IVFC for late preantral follicles are warranted. This study aimed to compare the morphometric features, estradiol production, and gene expression between early antral caprine follicles produced in vitro and in vivo. In vitro-derived early antral follicles were produced after a 6-day in vitro culture of late preantral follicles, while in vivo-derived early antral follicles were yielded immediately after isolation from the ovaries; antral follicles were, thereafter, cultured for 18 days. In vitro-derived antral follicles were cultured either in a medium developed for preantral follicles (PF medium) or in a medium developed for antral follicles (AF medium). In vivo-derived early antral follicles, on the other hand, were cultured in AF medium (Control treatment). Results demonstrated that in vitro-derived antral follicles cultured in PF medium produced higher estradiol concentration, and m-RNA expression for matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and insulin receptor when compared to both in vitro- and in vivo-derived antral follicles cultured in AF medium. Remarkably, in vitro-derived antral follicles cultured in PF medium had similar MII and oocytes ≥110 μm rates compared with in vivo-derived antral follicles (Control treatment). In conclusion, when cultured in a single and appropriate medium (i.e., PF medium), in vitro-derived early antral follicles had comparable oocyte maturation rates to the in vivo-derived early antral follicles.

(Dis)continuing with Tradition: Tsitsi Himunyanga-Phiri’s Exposition of Contemporary African Women’s Problems in The Legacy

Issues concerning African women have been the subject of many literary writings. Most early female African writers on women’s issues conveyed these from a predominantly feminist perspective, setting a kind of tradition. Amidst this, a few writers emerged whose writings on women’s issues pointed to a departure from such tradition. This article examines Tsitsi Himunyanga-Phiri’s novel The Legacy (1992), ascertaining instances where she departs from or conforms to the tradition set by some earlier African women writers. The discussion centres on her portrayal of contemporary African women’s problems, their underlying causes as well as possible solutions. Amongst the observations are that while the writer upholds sentiments held by her predecessors on the problems encountered by women and their possible solutions, she also departs from their common practice of blaming African men, patriarchy and traditional culture for the challenges encountered by the women. Instead, she singles out the colonial system, its destruction and ultimate abuse of both African customs and men as the chief architect of those challenges. The article concludes that Himunyanga-Phiri in some parts continues while in others discontinues with the tradition set by earlier female African writers.

Comparative assessment of customized (insignia) and non-customized bracket systems (Damon Q) for clinical effectiveness and efficiency-A clinical study

The study's goal was to compare and contrast the effectiveness and efficiency of customized and non-customized orthodontic brackets. 10 patients (Group A) were treated with a Customized section System (Insignia USA) and 10 patients (Group B) were treated with a Non-customized Bracket system (Damon).Gathering this data, the clinical effectiveness and efficiency was measured by estimating Initial Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) and Final PAR scores, assessing the complete therapy time, number of scheduled appointments, number of examination visits, number of loose brackets and pain rating during the treatment which was recorded with a numerical rating scale. The Insignia group outperformed the Damon group in terms of clinical efficiency, but there was no difference in PAR score reduction so overall clinical effectiveness of the Insignia and Damon groups was identical. Orthodontists would be able to give high-quality treatment in less time with fewer appointments and less chair time if they use the optimum bracket system.

World Economy of Winemaking

Old traditional winemaking countries are now ahead of new winemaking countries. In addition to countries with European and Middle Eastern viticultural traditions, wine production has begun on a large scale in Canada, Australia, Argentina, Chile, Mexico, New Zealand, South Africa, Australia and the Americas. The top wine exporters in 2019 are dominated by international wine trade in Italy, Spain and France - the total of 57.1 million hectoliters, which is 54% of the global market. Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States were the largest importers - a total of 40.4 million hectoliters, accounting for 38% of the global market. These three countries account for 39% of the total value of world wine imports, amounting to 11.9 billion euros. The US is the largest consumer of wine in the world, with a record level of 33.0 million hectoliters in 2019. Georgia has a serious potential to establish itself in the world markets with its uniqueness, with the introduction of innovative digital technologies. Keywords: Old World wines, New World wines, Wine Export-Import, Global Wine Market, Wine Economy, Viticulture, Harmonized customs system.

Applications of low-cost environmental monitoring systems for fine-scale abiotic measurements in forest ecology

Ecological studies have long examined large-scale geographic gradients in abiotic conditions and their relationship to the structure and function of ecological systems, but many critical processes in forested systems are driven by abiotic gradients that vary at fine spatial and temporal scales. To adequately characterize fine scale microclimatic variability, intensive sampling is required that may be cost-prohibitive with commercially available instrumentation. The expanded availability of inexpensive, and open-source environmental monitoring systems may meet the need to advance mechanistic understanding of fine-scale ecological processes. Here, we (1) present a custom, open-source, and inexpensive environmental monitoring system, (2) evaluate its performance against commercial systems and sensors, and (3) demonstrate its utility in a broad range of forest ecology applications. We demonstrate that temperature and humidity measurements are reliably captured with open-source data loggers and sensors are strongly correlated to research-grade instruments (R2 = 0.97). Further, these systems generate reliable data at 13-80% of the cost of comparable commercial systems primarily due to higher potential for scalability. We demonstrate applications in forest ecology to examine micrometeorology in fire prone ecosystems, microsite variability in dry conifer systems, and climate mediation effects in urban forested systems. The use of open-source data loggers for a broad range of forest ecology applications offer opportunities for more robust environmental characterization especially in forest ecology applications where high spatial and temporal resolution is necessary to understand ecological phenomena such as fire, regeneration, and phenology. Increased use, development, and validation of low-cost instrumentation with commercial options will increase confidence of their use among researchers in these and other applications.

Omni-channel retail operations in the presence of strategic customers: The benefit of inventory commitment.

This paper studies the impact of strategic customer behavior on retailers’ omni-channel strategies. Customers in the market are classified into strategic omni-channel customers and myopic B&M (brick and mortar) store customers. The retailer firstly charges a full price but will then salvage the leftover inventory at a lower price (markdown policy) for strategic omni-channel customers after the customers’ demand is realized. The strategic omni-channel customers choose purchase timing to maximize their own expected profit. While, the myopic B&M store customers do not choose purchase timing. By characterizing rational expectation equilibrium, we find that the inventory level under markdown policy is higher than that in the classic model where no markdown policy is implemented. Also, the policy will transfer more strategic customers to the online channel to buy at full price so that the retailer will benefit from it. Besides, inventory commitment policy can further increase retailer’s profit based on markdown policy. In addition, we extend the model to the supply chain and present the contrasting view that the total profit of the decentralized supply chain under the wholesale price contract is higher than that of the centralized supply chain. The influence of strategic customer behavior and system parameters on the retailer’s optimal decision is discussed through numerical study.

Customs institutions development strategy: design and implementation issues

Today, quality requirements for customs administration are increasing, but customs technology is not sufficiently productive: with the accumulated experience of solving management tasks, there is no modern, unified methodological support for strategic planning in this area. There is an urgent need to develop and implement a new concept, strategy or development programme for the Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation in the context of quantitative and expert forecasts for the long term. The aim of the study was to analyse the existing approaches and methodological support used to research and develop strategic planning documents on national (economic) security of the Russian Federation, and to substantiate proposals and approaches to the design of strategies and programmes for the development of public administration and administration institutions in terms of foreign economic and customs activities. The methodological basis of the study was a comparative analysis of Russian and foreign experience in addressing development challenges in the customs sphere. On the basis of the generalised experience of theoretical approaches, recommendations and practices of strategic planning documents development the qualitative expertise of the structure of key normative-legal documents, on the basis of which the customs authorities carry out their activities, has been carried out. The problem areas of the process of design and modernization of the structure of documents in the field of customs administration are identified and recommendations for their adjustment are presented. It is proposed to apply intelligent systems of computer-aided designing and to transit from model of static designing of customs institutions to model of operative controlling of spheres of foreign economic and customs activity and dynamic (continuous) designing of customs systems on principles of self-organisation and self-development.

An Automated Respiratory Data Pipeline for Waveform Characteristic Analysis

Whole body barometric flow through plethysmography is used to study respiratory output in mouse and rat genetic and disease models. Turn‐key commercial and custom systems are both used to gather multiple data streams including respiratory‐pressure waveforms, O2 and CO2 measurement, and other data points for a reasonable estimation of tidal volume and key metabolic parameters.These experiments typically produce large amounts of data that are time‐consuming and difficult to analyze and organize. For analysis, the investigator may use cumbersome hand annotation subject to observer bias or several software products may be combined to manage raw data, calculated data, statistical analysis, and graphing. Commercial software, however, is prohibitively expensive or bundled with turn‐key systems that limit options for those using bespoke respiratory measurement systems.To address these deficiencies, we developed a software pipeline for processing raw respiratory recordings and associated metadata (experimental design, age, weight, temperature, etc.) into operative respiratory outcomes, publication‐worthy graphs, and robust statistical analyses. This pipeline consists of three modules. The first module is a Python‐based graphical user interface (GUI) for uploading all relevant data files and allows the user to define and label independent, dependent, and covariate variables relevant to the experimental design, statistical analysis, and graphical outputs. Additionally, parameters can be programmed to define waveform feature segmentation to include manual annotations.In the second module, BASSPRO, the data are processed with a Python program to segment the respiratory waveform based on user‐defined thresholds for movement artifacts and unique features. BASSPRO quantifies respiratory cycle components and demarks unique features including sighs, apneas, expiratory reflexes, and user‐defined entities. The module also allows for browsing the raw signals with markup of automatically annotated breaths to facilitate validation of breath detection and to permit manual annotation of features, if desired.The third module, STAGG, is an R‐based program that accepts the BASSPRO output along with configuration files from the GUI to graph the desired variables while performing a linear mixed effects statistical model analysis of the data with appropriate post‐hoc tests. Following graph generation, statistically significant differences in respiratory variables are automatically annotated in the graphs. Following statistical testing, residual analyses are provided that allow the user to determine if a transformation of their data may be appropriate. If so, transformations can be selected within the GUI so no external data analyses are necessary.The open‐source program offers a facile and highly customizable platform for automated handling and analysis of animal respiratory and metabolic data that sets the stage for high‐throughput studies and machine learning approaches on large data sets.

The Formation of Shanghai Customs Quarantine System based on Medical Inspection: Acceptance and Transformation between England-Shanghai-Joseon from 1872 to 1894.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the process of establishing a quarantine system based on medical inspection by Shanghai Customs. England was the first to introduce a quarantine system based on medical inspection during the nineteenth century; with the majority of the Shanghai Customs administration being English, this system was able to be adopted with ease, and it was later transformed and accepted in Joseon. This paper further investigates the details of the actual medical inspection conducted by the Customs Medical Officer (CMO) who worked at the forefront of the actual quarantine as a medical inspector. In the nineteenth century, International Sanitary Conferences were held in Paris, Vienna, and Constantinople to discuss the process of quarantine and public health. Furthermore, the Public Health Act was passed in England in 1872. This Act established port sanitary authorities in each of England's ports to carry out medical inspections. This medical inspection enabled healthy and infected people to be separated from each other instead of conventional isolation. The duties of the CMO would consist of boarding any incoming ship to check for any infected people. Any infected persons would then be sent to a non-quarantine hospital, and the ship was sanitized. This concept of quarantine based on medical inspection was borrowed by Shanghai Customs. The unique political situation in Shanghai, which consisted of multiple imperial concessions, necessitated the adaptation of England's medical quarantine concept to suit the special environment in which the Shanghai Customs was located, and by 1875, the Shanghai Customs quarantine medical inspection system was established. In this system, patients found in the Customs quarantine medical inspection were sent to a non-quarantine hospital in the settlement. Due to the extraterritoriality, the extent of the authority of the Customs Medical Officer was dependent on agreements with the possibility to be granted a one-time or temporary position after conferring with the Shanghai local government and consuls in each country. The Treaty Ports of Joseon were similar to Shanghai with regards to the presence of the Customs system alongside different settlements. The Joseon ports went through another transformation when the Commissioner of Shanghai Customs, H. F. Merrill, who also served as the Chief Commissioner of Seoul, accepted the Shanghai Customs' modified concept of medical inspection in 1887. The process of acceptance and transformation of the medical quarantine concept leading to the 'England-Shanghai-Joseon' connection shows that the concept of medical quarantine in the nineteenth century spread from England to Joseon through Shanghai Customs as a medium.

Kinematic Modeling and Motion Planning of the Mobile Manipulator Agri.Q for Precision Agriculture

In recent years, the study of robotic systems for agriculture, a modern research field often shortened as “precision agriculture”, has become highly relevant, especially for those repetitive actions that can be automated thanks to innovative robotic solutions. This paper presents the kinematic model and a motion planning pipeline for a mobile manipulator specifically designed for precision agriculture applications, such as crop sampling and monitoring, formed by a novel articulated mobile base and a commercial collaborative manipulator with seven degrees of freedom. Starting from the models of the two subsystems, characterized by an adjustable position and orientation of the manipulator with respect to the mobile base, the linear mapping that describes the differential kinematics of the whole custom system is expressed as a function of the input commands. To perform pick–and–place tasks, a motion planning algorithm, based on the manipulator manipulability index mapping and a closed form inverse kinematics solution is presented. The motion of the system is based on the decoupling of the base and the arm mobility, and the paper discusses how the base can be properly used for manipulator positioning purposes. The closed form inverse kinematics solution is also provided as an open-source Matlab code.

Roles of Land Information Systems (LIS) and Geodetic Spatial Reference Frames In Property Taxation and Revenue Drive in Rivers State: A Case Study of Portharcourt Cadastre

Land management is becoming more recognized as a community-wide if not global need. Landed assets are an important source of government revenue in Rivers state, and they necessitate a land information systems infrastructure. The creation of LIS of Port Harcourt property layouts is critical to realizing that ambition. Results of this research paper has lots of potential in providing sustainable land relationships and information to decision makers (land administrators and revenue drivers) in Rivers state so that they can make decisions that are beneficial to sustainable development in the context of efficient land administration and management. This study used geospatial methodologies to document, create, and populate land information in Trans-Amadi and GRA phases 1 and 2 of Port Harcourt's cadastral layouts. According to the findings of this study's analysis, discussions, and queries, effective usage of the LIS, which is driven by many aspects of services supplied by government Ministries, Departments, and Agencies, will increase efficiency and productivity in property taxation in capital city of Port Harcourt.The following recommendations were made as a result of this research: Information decentralization to make it easier to keep track of and recollect data. Fees charged for various services given are published and displayed. Official procedures should be simplified, and a faster and more efficient method of moving files should be established. In Rivers state, there has been a reduction in the time it takes to complete title paperwork for landed properties. All occupants of government lands in Port Harcourt will get a formal allocation of encroached lands and a certificate of title. A chart for employee training, particularly in ICT, should be prepared. External consultants should be taught customer service, change management, time management, project management, supervisory management, and systems administration. The state's Ministry of Lands and Survey should develop a website that enables for e-payment of grand rents, C of O applications, and land mapping. Finally, the LIS of cadastral layouts in Port Harcourt as a pilot project should be implemented in major towns and cities across the LGAs of Rivers state for efficient land administration, property taxation, and revenue generation, in line with the Federal Government of Nigeria's current land reform programme.
 Keyword: Taxation, information, land, systems, cadastre, and revenue are some of the key phrases.

Extracellular matrix bioink boosts stemness and facilitates transplantation of intestinal organoids as a biosafe Matrigel alternative.

Organoids hold inestimable therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine and are increasingly serving as an in vitro research platform. Still, their expanding applications are critically restricted by the canonical culture matrix and system. Synthesis of a suitable bioink of bioactivity, biosecurity, tunable stiffness, and printability to replace conventional matrices and fabricate customized culture systems remains challenging. Here, we envisaged a novel bioink formulation based on decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) from porcine small intestinal submucosa for organoids bioprinting, which provides intestinal stem cells (ISCs) with niche-specific ECM content and biomimetic microstructure. Intestinal organoids cultured in the fabricated bioink exhibited robust generation as well as a distinct differentiation pattern and transcriptomic signature. This bioink established a new co-culture system able to study interaction between epithelial homeostasis and submucosal cells and promote organoids maturation after transplantation into the mesentery of immune-deficient NODSCID-gamma (NSG) mice. In summary, the development of such photo-responsive bioink has the potential to replace tumor-derived Matrigel and facilitate the application of organoids in translational medicine and disease modeling.

Human Joint Torque Estimation Based on Mechanomyography for Upper Extremity Exosuit

Human intention recognition belongs to the algorithm basis for exoskeleton robots to generate synergic movements and provide corresponding assistance. In this article, we acquire and analyze the mechanomyography (MMG) to estimate the current joint torque and apply this method to the rehabilitation training research of the upper extremity exosuit. In order to obtain relatively pure biological signals, a MMG processing method based on the Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) is proposed to eliminate the mixed noise and motion artifacts. After extracting features and forming the dataset, a random forest regression (RFR) model is designed to build the mapping relationship between MMG and human joint output through offline learning. In addition, an upper extremity exosuit is constructed for multi-joint assistance. Based on the above research, we develop a torque estimation-based control strategy and make it responsible for the intention understanding and motion servo of this customized system. Finally, an actual test verifies the accuracy and reliability of this recognition algorithm, and an efficiency evaluation experiment also proves the feasibility for power assistance.