Initial State Of System Research Articles

SMAP FRAMEWORK: A NOSQL SOLUTION FOR MANAGING A JSON KNOWLEDGE BASE OF SMART POLITICAL DOCUMENTS

This paper is devoted to developing a MongoDB framework for managing a JSON Knowledge base of “Smart Political Documents” (SPD). For this purpose, we designed a full knowledge base in a JSON Repository that runs under a MongoDB NoSQL server. The study of the experimentally collected data from the United Nations site has shown that our SPD knowledge base will contain various information using different formats (text, image, audio, video, etc.). The representation of these data requires both hierarchical and relational models. In this respect, we are proposing a NoSQL data model based on both JSON data and relational representation. JSON collections can be related to one another to complete information by special JSON properties. We have also defined a JSON Query Language for SMAP, SPQL (Smart Politics Query Language), which provided a powerful environment for integrating these disparate forms of data. In this paper, we will so describe the repository architecture, a Speech Labeling Technique used to associate information to spoken discourses, and finally, the whole SMArt Political documents (SMAP) framework that is based on a 3-tiers architecture and a Big Data environment with automatic deductions from the analysis of these data. The new system's purpose is to offer the end-user an intelligent way to quickly find the desired documents with all semantic links between them—something impossible in the system's initial state. The actual novelty of the system is represented mainly by the combination of the NoSQL feature with a relational model and an intelligent linked data system.

Deep learning based pulse prediction of nonlinear dynamics in fiber optics

The initial state of a nonlinear optical fiber system plays a vital role in the ultrafast pulse evolution dynamic. In this work, a data-driven compressed convolutional neural network, named inverse network, is proposed to predict initial pulse distribution through a series of discrete power profiles at different propagation distances. The inverse network is trained and tested based on two typical nonlinear dynamics: (1) the pulse evolution in a fiber optical parametric amplifier system and (2) soliton pair evolution in high-nonlinear fibers. Great prediction accuracy is reached when the epoch grows to 5000 in both cases, with the normalized root mean square errors below 0.01 on the entire testing set. Meanwhile, the lightweight network is highly effective. In this work, it takes approximately 30 seconds for 5,000 epochs training with a dataset size of 900. The inverse network is further tested and analyzed on the dataset with different signal-to-noise ratios and input sizes. The results show fair stability at the deviation on the testing set. The proposed inverse network demonstrates a promising approach to optimizing the initial pulse of fiber optics systems.

Initial soil conditions outweigh management in a cool-season dairy farm's carbon sequestration potential

Pastures and rangelands are a dominant portion of global agricultural land and have the potential to sequester carbon (C) in soils, mitigating climate change. Management intensive grazing (MIG), or high density grazing with rotations through paddocks with long rest periods, has been highlighted as a method of enhancing soil C in pastures by increasing forage production. However, few studies have examined the soil C storage potential of pastures under MIG in the northeastern United States, where the dairy industry comprises a large portion of agricultural use and the regional agricultural economy. Here we present a 12-year study conducted in this region using a combination of field data and the denitrification and decomposition (DNDCv9.5) model to analyze changes in soil C and nitrogen (N) over time, and the climate impacts as they relate to soil carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes. Field measurements showed: (1) increases in soil C in grazed fields under MIG (P = 0.03) with no significant increase in hayed fields (P = 0.55); and (2) that the change in soil C was negatively correlated to initial soil C content (P = 0.006). Modeled simulations also showed fields that started with relatively less soil C had significant gains in C over the course of the study, with no significant change in fields with higher initial levels of soil C. Sensitivity analyses showed the physiochemical status of soils (i.e., soil C and clay content) had greater influence over C storage than the intensity of grazing. More extensive grazing methods showed very little change in soil C storage or CO2 and N2O fluxes with modeled continuous grazing trending towards declines in soil C. Our study highlights the importance of considering both initial system conditions as well as management when analyzing the potential for long-term soil C storage.

Transcriptome and hormone analyses reveals differences in physiological age of ′Hass′ avocado fruit

The objective of this study was to identify transcripts or hormone-based biomarkers to define the physiological age of ′Hass′ avocado fruit and to elucidate the changes at the level of metabolic pathways and their regulation. ′Hass′ avocado fruit from orchards in different agroclimatic zones were collected during two harvest periods. Fruit were stored for 30 d under controlled atmosphere and regular air conditions and then transferred to shelf-life conditions at 20 °C. The physiological age as represented by the initial state of a hypothetical enzyme system (E0) of each fruit was obtained through a mechanistic softening model for Chilean ′Hass′ avocado previously developed. Fruit from three different E0 ranges (low, intermediate and high) were selected for transcriptome and hormone analyses. Sequencing data were processed by partial least squares regression analysis, which revealed 46 genes correlated to E0. Different metabolic pathways were over expressed between low and high E0 fruit. Low E0 fruit showed overexpression of genes related to DNA replication, auxin transport, cell wall remodeling, gibberellin synthesis, brassinosteroids and flavonols. On the other hand, fruit with high E0 revealed genes related to ethylene and abscisic acid biosynthesis and related responses and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Likewise, targeted hormone analysis revealed higher concentrations of active gibberellins (GA1 and GA4) and jasmonic acid for low E0 fruit and for high E0 fruit higher concentrations of abscisic acid, salicylic acid, dihydrozeatin, indole acetic acid and trans-zeatin, only the latter two being significant for this phenotype. This study reveals the relationship between transcripts and hormones during fruit maturation that is key to evaluate the physiological age of ′Hass′ avocado fruit.

USAGE OF HASH METHODS IN THE CRYPTOGRAPHIC DATA ANALYSIS

The tasks of information security system include identifying potential or actual sources of threat to system’s work and minimizing consequences of unauthorized influence on it. While solving them, arises the need of restoration of the initial state of the information system, especially the data integrity. While performing information message analysis the other task may be finding differences between two data fragments or their instances. This paper offers methods of the complex solution of the information security tasks and the analysis of data streams using the means of cryptography and presents the experience of developing the reliable implementation of these methods. The developed methods allow detecting falsifications in data part of the sent message and restoring the initial message. During the cryptographic analysis, the area of change in a data block is localized using cross hashing which is performed by computing the hash of information message block by block. The result is the program implementation of the offered method of information stream analysis that is based on comparing three frames of input data. The effectiveness of detecting falsifications in a data stream depending on algorithm’s sensitivity was researched with the developed instrument. The dependence of the share of falsifications detected by the system in the information block on the established maximum allowable relative deviation from the median and the properties of the input stream, in particular, the division of the input data into frames, was experimentally revealed. It is expected that the advantages of the method will be higher in the preliminary stage of data flow analysis related to its segmentation before addressing the selected fragments to more accurate and specialized algorithms.

A memcapacitor-based hyperchaotic conservative system.

To explore the applications of the memcapacitor in the conservative circuits, the nonlinear dynamics of a memcapacitor-based hyperchaotic conservative circuit are studied in detail. Specifically, the conservative condition of the system is obtained by combining divergence and Hamiltonian energy, and the perpetual points and equilibrium points of the memcapacitor-based system are also analyzed in detail. Subsequently, the influences of system parameters and initial conditions on the dynamics of the memcapacitor-based hyperchaotic conservative system are discussed through the dynamic map and the basin of attraction, where three dynamics phenomena can be observed, such as interior crisis, largest Lyapunov exponent jump, and coexisting conservative flows. Finally, the theoretical results are verified by the circuit experiment simulation through MULTISIM and digital signal processing; a pseudorandom number generator based on the hyperchaotic conservative system is also designed and compared with another system through an NIST test.

Prescribed-time bipartite consensus for signed directed networks on time scales

This note deals with the prescribed-time consensus problem for multi-agent systems over directed networks with hybrid cooperative and antagonistic interactions on time scales. Different from the regular finite/fixed-time control where the settling time depends on the system initial conditions or the system parameters, the proposed prescribed-time control protocol can directly lead to a predetermined convergence time. Existing results on finite/fixed-time consensus all require the considered network topologies depicted by undirected graphs or strongly connected and detail-balanced directed graphs. In this note, by resorting to a prescribed-time function and the direct Lyapunov method, it is shown that the prescribed-time bipartite consensus can be realised, which only requires the directed network topology to be strongly connected. In addition, based on the theory of time scales, a unified prescribed-time protocol is firstly proposed to solve the consensus problem for both continuous-time and discrete-time multi-agent systems simultaneously.

Quantum computational speed of a nanowires system with Rashba interaction in the presence of a magnetic field

The present research is designed to examine the dynamic of the quantum computational speed in a nanowire system through the orthogonality speed when three distinct types of magnetic fields are applied: the strong magnetic field, the weak magnetic field, and no magnetic field. Moreover, we investigate the action of the magnetic fields, the spin-orbit coupling, and the system’s initial states on the orthogonality speed. The observed results reveal that a substantial correlation between the intensity of the spin-orbit coupling and the dynamics of the orthogonality speed, where the orthogonality speed decreasing as the spin-orbit coupling increases. Furthermore, the initial states of the nanowire system are critical for regulating the speed of transmuting the information and computations.

Generalized-hydrodynamic approach to inhomogeneous quenches: correlations, entanglement and quantum effects

We give a pedagogical introduction to the generalized hydrodynamic approach to inhomogeneous quenches in integrable many-body quantum systems. We review recent applications of the theory, focusing in particular on two classes of problems: bipartitioning protocols and trap quenches, which represent two prototypical examples of broken translational symmetry in either the system initial state or post-quench Hamiltonian. We report on exact results that have been obtained for generic time-dependent correlation functions and entanglement evolution, and discuss in detail the range of applicability of the theory. Finally, we present some open questions and suggest perspectives on possible future directions.

On the leak-induced transient wave reflection and dominance analysis in water pipelines

The leak-induced reflection information forms the basis of developing and applying transient-based leak detection methods in water-filled pipelines. The transient reflection method (TRM) has been widely incorporated in various leakage problems, and affecting parameters in the process are closely investigated in specific cases. However, the TRM literature lacks a global assessment of the relative importance of each parameter for a general inference on the contribution of each independent variable to the desired reflection criterion, which assists in leakage management. Besides, in the majority of previous studies, the leak-induced reflection wave at the measurement point is approximated by that at the leaky point, i.e., the propagation behavior and process of the reflected wave from the potential leak location to measurement point is ignored, leading to inaccuracy in sizing potential leaks by the TRM. To resolve these issues, this study firstly derives the leak-induced reflection coefficient at the measurement point by incorporating the additional damping effect of the reflection wave propagation process along the pipeline, which is then fully validated by MOC-based numerical and experimental laboratory applications. To further understand the contribution of different factors in the derived reflection coefficient, a systematic analysis is conducted based on dimensional analysis and extensive numerical simulations. The obtained results are characterized by the dominance analysis so as to explore the importance ranking of different dimensionless factors to the leak-induced reflection coefficient in the pipeline system. The analysis results indicate that, amongst all the dimensionless parameters, the leak factor provides the largest influence and contribution to the wave reflection coefficient (with about 40% contribution), followed by the transient intensity (23%) and initial system and flow conditions (20%), and lastly the measurement distance from leak location (17%). The finding of this study is helpful in leakage management as it aims to understand and explain the applicability and effectiveness of the TRM under different conditions.

Master equation incorporating the system-environment correlations present in the joint equilibrium state

We present a general master equation, correct to second order in the system-environment coupling strength, that takes into account the initial system-environment correlations. We assume that the system and its environment are in a joint thermal equilibrium state, and thereafter a unitary operation is performed to prepare the desired initial system state, with the system Hamiltonian possibly changing thereafter as well. We show that the effect of the initial correlations shows up in the second-order master equation as an additional term, similar in form to the usual second-order term describing relaxation and decoherence in quantum systems. We apply this master equation to a generalization of the paradigmatic spin-boson model, namely a collection of two-level systems interacting with a common environment of harmonic oscillators, as well as a collection of two-level systems interacting with a common spin environment. We demonstrate that, in general, the initial system-environment correlations need to be accounted for in order to accurately obtain the system dynamics.

Interaction of two quantum dots mediated by edge modes of coupled-cavity arrays.

Topological photonics is a hot topic in recent years. We combine it with the quantum optics and explore the dynamics of two quantum dots (QDs) separated by the finite coupled-cavity arrays (CCAs). The finite CCAs possessing the alternating hopping strengths will lead to the existence of the topological protected edge modes, also called zero energy modes, when the boundaries leave the weak hopping at two ends. Due to the two edge modes, i.e., symmetric and antisymmetric, with nearly degenerate frequencies, the dynamics of two QDs coupled to the cavities at both ends exhibit complicated behaviors. When the CCAs are composed of a large number of cavities, there are two kinds of phenomena: if the coupling between QDs and cavity is weak, two edge modes will cancel each other out and isolate two QDs deeply; if the coupling between QDs and cavities is large compared with hopping strength, the edge mode disappears and two QDs can be connected through extend modes. Importantly, when the CCAs are formed by a small number of cavities, energy can be transferred to each other between two QDs through the edge modes. Such energy transfer is topologically protected, and the period is long and easily controlled. We also investigate the effects of topologically protected quantum entangled states on such system and find that the quantum entanglement can be well kept or generated for appropriate choices of system parameters and initial states. The investigations enrich the manifestation of topological physics and are helpful to apply the topological protection to quantum computation and quantum communication.

Firing multistability, symmetry, bubbles of a Shinriki oscillator with mem-elements

In this paper, a novel memristive Shinriki oscillator is established by adding a flux-controlled memristor and a charge-controlled memcapacitor. The similar symmetry is observed with the Biolek memcapacitor model. Bubbles are also investigated with varying system parameters and initial conditions from the perspectives of cascade and location. Extreme multistability occurring with different initial conditions is clearly found in attraction basins. Different firing patterns with coexisting spiking, bursting and chaotic patterns are discussed in Shinriki oscillator. Spiking and chaotic firing with periodic coexisting large limit cycle and quiescent state are detected. In this oscillator, circle/circle buster is also observed, whose quiescent state is a small amplitude oscillation and spiking state has multiple peaks. The firing multistability of the adjusted Shinriki oscillator is implemented by a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The experimental results validate the accuracy of the numerical analysis, which shows the proposed oscillator is good for the relevant research and application.

Optimal work associated with off-centered harmonic Brownian motion at any friction damping.

There is extensive literature on how to determine the work involving a Brownian particle interacting with an external field and submerged in a thermal reservoir. However, the information supplied is essentially theoretical without specific calculations to show how this property changes with the system parameters and initial conditions. In this article, we provide explicit calculations of the optimal work considering the particle is under the influence of a time-dependent off-centered moving harmonic potential. It is done for all physical values of the friction coefficient. The system is modeled through a more general version of the Langevin equation which encompasses its classical and quasiclassical version. From the equation that defines the work, the external protocol is found through a fairly current extended version of the Euler-Lagrange equation that unifies the local and nonlocal contributions in a simple expression. The protocol is linear and, unlike previous work, not only changes the initial velocity of the particle but also its acceleration. Calculations were done for friction constants γ spanning all possible values. The periodic γ=1 shows discontinuities in the optimal work of the interplay of concentration and diffusion processes acting periodically in the dynamics. For higher values work appears to be as a smooth function of time, while the truly overdamped, where the inertial effect can be discarded, agrees with the analytical result up to a time where the numerical overdamped algorithm provides a different solution due to its inability to discard entirely the inertial effect.

Switching dynamics of a non-autonomous FitzHugh-Nagumo circuit with piecewise-linear flux-controlled memristor

Memristor, as a nonlinear electronic component, has good switching characteristics, which makes it has excellent application in the field of artificial intelligence. The study for discontinuous dynamics of memristor-based neural network can best reflect the boundary effect of memristors and the complex nonlinear behaviors of system. In this paper, the non-autonomous FitzHugh-Nagumo neuronal circuit with piecewise memristor is investigated in flux-charge domain through the theory of switching flow. The sufficient and necessary conditions of switching motions, such as passable and grazing on the boundary, are developed to understand the switching mechanism. The switching bifurcation diagrams with changing the system parameters and initial conditions are studied to reveal the hidden extreme multistability and coexisting attractors. The parameter mappings and basins of attractor are also carried out to express the coexistences of periodic orbits and chaos with different mapping structures. The simulation results show that the switching and grazing motion are verified the effectiveness the analysis conditions.

A modified sinusoidal perturbation on a two distinguishable spin particles system

We analyze a quantum system of two distinguishable spin particles subjected to modified sinusoidal perturbation of the form ; where γ is a real positive number; V 0, V 1, V 2, V 3 are real constants and have very small values; x = r sin θ cos ϕ; y = r sin θ sin ϕ; = z = r cos θ; is the Pauli matrix for the first particle, and , is the three-dimensional position operator in spherical coordinates; V(t) is zero when t ≤ 0 and t ≥ τ. We use the time-dependent perturbation theory to solve this problem. Initially, we define the initial system state before being subjected to perturbation, namely , and the final state of the form . The total spin state actually contains the linear combination of the states of each particle. Next, we calculate the expected value of is used in calculating the probability amplitude , and then this form is used to analyze the conditions required for the transition to occur. From the results of the analysis, we present various conditions which include the conditions for n, l, m, M, S; constants V 1, V 2 and V 3; and the relationship between τ and γ; so that the transition process can occur. We have also presented the energy emission and absorption processes that this type of perturbation phenomenon might produce in the system under study.

Robust adaptive finite‐time and fixed‐time synchronization of chaotic systems with smooth control

AbstractBy taking the noise into consideration, this article addresses the robust stochastic adaptive finite‐time and fixed‐time synchronization of two chaotic systems. The novel adaptive and smooth control protocols are proposed to (i) adjust all the control gains automatically without selecting them in advance; (ii) overcome the chattering problem caused by the signum function contained in the conventional finite/fixed‐time controllers, which effectively improves the synchronized performance of chaotic systems. Based on the (stochastic) stability theory, the sufficient conditions are derived for achieving (stochastic) finite‐time and fixed‐time synchronization, respectively, in which the upper bound of synchronization time can be estimated in advance regardless of initial states of chaotic systems. Finally, two representative applications concerning the memristor chaotic circuit and the permanent magnet synchronous motors validate the effectiveness and feasibility of proposed theoretical results.

Fixed-time output tracking control for a class of uncertain nonlinear MIMO systems

This article proposed a new fixed-time output tracking control scheme for a class of high-order MIMO nonlinear systems with unknown nonlinearities, parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. Firstly, a novel nonsingular recursive integral terminal sliding mode (ITSM) surface is designed by employing appropriate integral function and integer orders. Then the lumped system matched and mismatched uncertainties are estimated by developing a new adaptive fixed-time disturbance observer (AFTDO) based on super-twisting technique. The chattering problem existed in traditional disturbance observer (DO) can be reduced with the proposed AFTDO allowing the gains to adapt the changed derivative of lumped disturbances, effectively. Furthermore, semi-global fixed-time stability analysis is presented by means of Lyapunov stability theorem and it is proved that the system convergence time is independent of the system initial states and allowed to be arbitrarily adjusted based on practical demands. Finally, theoretical results are supported by numerical simulation and experimental results.

A novel 4 dimensional hyperchaotic system with its control, Synchronization and Implementation

This paper presents a new hyperchaotic system which shows some interesting features, the system is 4-dimensional with 4 nonlinearities. An extensive numerical analysis has showed that the system has some interesting features and strange behaviors. The numerical analysis includes studying the effect of system parameters and initial conditions. Some of the important properties of the system with parameter set, in which the system is hyperchaotic, such as Lyapunov exponents and Lyapunov dimension, dissipation and symmetry are found and discussed. In the next part of our work, a tracking controller for the proposed system is designed and then a synchronization control system for two identical systems is designed. The design procedure uses combination of a simple synergetic control with adaptive updating laws to identify the unknown parameters derived basing on Lyapunov theorem. Hardware implementation based on microcontroller unit (MCU) board is proposed and tested and used to experimentally validate the designed control and synchronization systems. As an application, the designed synchronization system is used as a secure analogue communication system. Using MATLAB, Simulation study for the control and synchronization systems is presented. The simulation and experimental study have been showed excellent results.

Fixed-time SOSM controller design subject to an asymmetric output constraint

This paper addresses the problem of fixed-time controller design for the second-order sliding mode (SOSM) dynamics with asymmetric output constraints. Based on the construction of a barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) and the technique of adding a power integrator, a fixed-time SOSM controller that can be used to handle the asymmetric output constraint issue is developed. A strict Lyapunov stability analysis shows that the developed SOSM controller guarantees that the sliding variable can converge to the origin within a fixed time that is irrelevant to the system initial conditions. Meanwhile, the system output will never invade the boundary of the preset asymmetric constrained area. Finally, two examples are given to verify the effectiveness and the feasibility of the proposed scheme.