MATLAB-Simulink System Research Articles

Simulation of Hybrid PV Solar System with Fuel Cell in MATLAB Simulink

This paper discusses the simulation of a fuel cell hybrid solar photovoltaic system in MATLAB Simulink. To achieve the stated objective, it is proposed to dynamically model a hybrid system using Simulink to analyze its performance and optimize its operation, improving the efficiency and stability of the power supply under different operating conditions, then the dynamic simulation model employs energy conversion equations of the solar PV panel and the fuel cell to meet the electrical load requirements, where the solar panel uses solar radiation and ambient temperature, while the fuel cell produces electricity by electrolysis of water, which separates hydrogen from oxygen. In the first graph, the power at load increases sharply at 0.5 seconds and stabilizes between 0.5 and 1.5 seconds, with a sharp drop at 1.6 seconds. In the second graph, PV power increases at 0.5 seconds, reaching 80 kW between 0.5 and 1.5 seconds, dropping to zero at 1.6 seconds. The fuel cell shows similar behavior. These results indicate a coordinated operation for a stable power supply to the load, responding efficiently to changes in demand and generation.

Islanding and fault detection of inverter based distributed generations using wavelet packet transform and ensemble

The adoption of Distributed Generation (DG) technology has seen a substantial level of advancement in recent years. This has created potential protection issues in microgrids during faults and islanding. This paper proposes a fault and islanding detection method using wavelet packet transform (WPT) and Ensemble. A new index called Normalized RMS Node power index (NRNPI) is defined based on WPT to differentiate between transient behavior during faults and islanding, and the ensemble acts as a classifier. The ability of the method in detecting islanding and both grounded and non-grounded faults is demonstrated through simulations of a test system in Matlab Simulink. Real time simulation of the proposed method is done in OPAL-RT using UDP-IP communication protocol. The proposed method as an islanding detection technique gives an accuracy of 100% and 99.32 % as a fault detection technique under the test conditions. Results of both simulations and Hardware in Loop (HIL) implementation is promising. The proposed method has the potential of extending the idea for other transient analysis in the microgrid.

Analysis of Underlapped Symmetrically Ported Valve-Controlled Asymmetric Cylinder Drive

The valve-controlled cylinder drive system is the most common type among hydraulic applications. Nonlinear behaviour in such systems is inevitable when the valve spool is around its null position. We utilised the component linking method to investigate the nonlinearities in a Moog valve-controlled asymmetric cylinder drive system by simulation in Fortran, in which a generalised concept is introduced and validated by comparing to the experimental results. An X factor is proposed in the generalised concept to describe the asymmetric cylinder state, which is a constant when the cylinder is extending or retracting, but numerically calculated when the valve spool is in the underlap region. This analytical solution is approximately 200 times more computationally efficient than the numerical solution method. This paper utilises the component linking method to simulate the Moog valve-controlled asymmetric cylinder drive system in Matlab Simulink, and proposes an analytical solution for the X factor when the valve spool is in the underlap region. This analytical solution is approximately 200 times more computationally efficient than the numerical solution method.

PI-based direct torque control of PMSM for torque ripple reduction

This paper addresses the challenge of torque ripple in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) through the implementation of a Proportional-Integral (PI)-based Direct Torque Control (DTC) strategy. Torque ripple, a phenomenon affecting motor performance, is mitigated by leveraging the simplicity and fast response of DTC, augmented by the precision of PI controllers. The objectives encompass a comprehensive understanding of PMSM characteristics, the design and implementation of the PI-based DTC system in MATLAB Simulink, and an in-depth analysis of its performance in torque ripple reduction. The paper also involves comparative studies with traditional control methods, parameter tuning for optimization, and assessments of versatility under varying conditions. By achieving these objectives, the research contributes to the advancement of control strategies for PMSMs, enhancing their efficiency and adaptability in industrial applications. The outcomes are documented and presented, providing valuable insights for future advancements in electric motor control.

Design Optimization of Components for Additive Manufacturing-Repair: An Exploration of Artificial Neural Network Requirements and Application

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in additive manufacturing (AM) technology is currently a promising and leading area of research for component repair and restoration. The Issues of high cost and time consumption for AM repair have been a subject of discussion among researchers in this field of study. Moreover, the potential challenges in dealing with complex components for repair and restoration in the (AM) domain require the establishment of a critical technical platform based on hybrid (AI). At this point, the proposed optimization method must cover all important parameters for the complex configuration of structural components under restoration. For the purpose of this study, a design optimization framework was developed using a MATLAB-SIMULINK mathematical model for AM solution purposes by improving the functionality and integration of monitoring. This improvement is based on facilitating the real-time identification of failures with accuracy and giving a clear monitoring vision according to the intended targets like geometric distortions, residual stresses evaluation, and defect characterization. The improvement involves overcoming a number of challenges such as the pre-fabrication stage by expanding the data repository besides offering a theoretical set of algorithmic with some options that improve the current procedure. Also, this study will conclude and suggest a further framework and new knowledge for restoration and product life cycle extension. This developed ANN can be used at the real pace of modeling the MATLAB-Simulink system and merged with another suitable algorithm to form a hybrid ANN. This model development using a neural network has attained a good manipulation of AM. The predicted data from ANN model that was determined and achieved in this study can be used to facilitate and enhance any further study as base knowledge in merging the ANN with another AI to form a hybrid algorithm.

Evaluation of Electric Power Quality in the Ship-Integrated Electrical Power System with a Main DC Bus and Power Semiconductor Electric Drives as Part of the Electric Propulsion Complex

The relevance of the work is connected to the energy efficiency of specialized vessels of the technical fleet. The purpose of the study was to determine and evaluate the power quality indicators associated with the non-sinusoidal shape of the voltage and current curves in the electrical power system of the marine platform support vessel, which contains powerful semiconductor propulsion electric drives, taking into account the inherent and parasitic parameters of the power three-phase cable lines. A simplified one-line diagram of an electric power system with a DC main bus was the object of the study, which was compiled as a result of the analysis of analog systems typical for the indicated type of vessels. The phenomenon of voltage and current distortion caused by the presence of higher harmonics generated by power semiconductor converters in a three-phase ship network was the subject of the research. For the experimental study of the quality of electric power according to the simplified one-line scheme of the electric power system in MATLAB Simulink, its model was created. Based on the proven methods of calculating the ship’s electrical equipment, a methodology was developed for the reliable determination of model parameters. According to the results of the experiment in MATLAB Simulink, qualitative and quantitative indicators were obtained regarding the non-sinusoidality of the linear voltage and current of the three-phase network (curve shapes, amplitude spectra, distortion coefficients), and their comparative analysis with the current norms and standards was performed. In contrast to the previous ones, the methodology for assessing the quality of electricity in the studied electric power system takes into account its circuit, mode features, and the presence of a parasitic capacitance “phase to ground” of a three-phase network, and it can be used in solving similar non-trivial tasks for various similar structurally modified systems.

Energy Management System for Hybrid Renewable Energy-Based Electric Vehicle Charging Station

This paper introduces an energy management algorithm for a hybrid solar and biogas-based electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) that considers techno-economic and environmental factors. The proposed algorithm is designed for a 20-kW EVCS and uses a fuzzy inference system in MATLAB SIMULINK to manage power generation, EV power demand, charging periods, and existing charging rates to optimize real-time charging costs and renewable energy utilization. The results show that the proposed algorithm reduces energy costs by 74.67% compared to existing flat rate tariffs and offers lower charging costs for weekdays and weekends. The integration of hybrid renewables also results in a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, with payback periods for charging station owners being relatively short, making the project profitable.

Correction of output power of non-multiplicator wind electrical installation at discrete and random speed values

The main converter of mechanical wind energy into electricity in wind turbines is an electric generator. Typically, such systems use synchronous generators with permanent magnets on the rotor. The main disadvantage of this design is the complexity or the impossibility of adjusting the output parameters of the generator: voltage, power, etc. Known methods and tools aimed at solving this problem relate to cases where the wind speed is constant, ie constant. In real conditions, the nature of the wind is changeable. The average annual wind speed for Ukraine varies between ≈ 5-6 m / s. The current value of wind speed depends on weather conditions, time of day and season. Accordingly, the nature of the output power of the generator will be variable. In this paper, the authors evaluate the effectiveness of the correction of the output power of the generator of the multiplier wind turbine at discrete and random values of wind speed. The main power unit of this study is a magnetoelectric synchronous generator with two-sided arrangement of magnets on the rotor and with axial magnetic flux. To solve this goal, a numerical simulation mathematical model of the system was developed, consisting of a multiplier-free wind turbine and a magnetoelectric synchronous generator with two-way arrangement of magnets on the rotor and with axial magnetic flux in the MATLAB-Simulink software package. The developed simulation model takes into account the change of the output parameters of the generator when the wind speed changes and vice versa, the system in which the change of the initial state of the generator leads to a change in the parameters of the rotor of the wind turbine. The variability and discreteness of wind speed is realized in the MATLAB-Simulink system by generating signals, the values of which at certain points in time are a random variable distributed according to the normal (Gaussian) law with predetermined parameters. Using the developed mathematical model, numerous simulation experiments were performed, which investigated the efficiency of correction of the output power of the studied system when connecting static capacitors to the armature winding of the generator and when applying current to the additional winding of the magnetoelectric generator. When connecting an additional magnetizing capacitance ≈30 μF to the generator terminals, there is an increase in output power by ≈5-10%. When the voltage is applied to the excitation winding Uf = 8 V, there is an increase in the output power of the generator ≈30-40% than without regulation. Therefore, it is a more efficient way to correct the output power of the magnetoelectric generator. The developed mathematical model can be used in further research to synthesize the control law of the additional winding of the magnetoelectric generator for the most efficient conversion of mechanical wind energy into electrical energy.

Study of Solar PV Module Using Incremental Conductance MPPT with Boost Converter and Sepic Converter

Abstract: In this study, the maximum power point is tracked precisely and quickly using an MPPT technique based on incremental conductance (INC). Based on the PV voltage and current, the Incremental Conductance (INC) technique searches for the precise MPP. PV-based power generation systems use the MPPT algorithm and two separate DC-DC converters to increase the output voltage. Using the MATLAB simulink system, the proposed algorithm's operation is simulated. At the conclusion of this work, conclusions were reached after comparing the algorithm's performance when using Boost Converter and SEPIC Converter.

Adaptive Least Mean Square Controller for Power Quality Enhancement in Solar Photovoltaic System

The objective of the proposed work is to develop a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller and inverter controller by applying the adaptive least mean square (LMS) algorithm to control the total harmonics distortion of a solar photovoltaic system. The advantage of the adaptive LMS algorithm is given by its simplicity and reduced required computational time. The adaptive LMS algorithm is applied to modify the Perturb and Observe (P&O), MPPT controller. In this controller, the adaptive LMS algorithm is used to predict solar photovoltaic power. The adaptive LMS maximum power point tracking controller gives better optimal solutions with less steady error 0.7% (6 watts) and 0% peak overshot in power with the tradeoff being more settling time at 0.33 s. The development of the inverter control law is performed using the d-q frame theory. This helps to reduce the number of equations to build a control law. The load current, grid current and grid voltage are sensed and transformed into d and q components. This adaptive LMS control law is used to extract the reference grid currents and, later, to compare them with the actual grid currents. The result of this comparison is used to generate the switching gate pulses for the inverter switches. The proposed controllers are developed and implemented with a solar PV system in MATLAB Simulink. The total harmonics distortion in grid and load current (3.25% and 7%) and voltage (0%) is investigated under linear and non-linear load conditions with changes in solar irradiations. The analysis is performed by selecting step incremental values and sampling time.

Numerical Simulation of Optimized Placement of Distibuted Generators in Standard Radial Distribution System Using Improved Computations

The need for energy globally has increased recently. Additionally, the idea of distributed generation is propelled by the absence of suitable transmission capacity, exaggerated transmission and distribution disasters, and the release of power advertising. Numerous benefits of distributed generation (DG) include a decrease in energy loss during force transfer and a reduction in the length and width of electrical cables. By lowering power quality and other problems, the use of the DGs with the current force distribution arrangements may enhance the intensity standard. The impacts of distributed generators (DGs) are discussed in this article in relation to various operating situations and the voltage measurement output of the regulator, which is typically accessible in grid interface. The investigation's goals are to locate the best DG connection point in the DS, reduce the power and voltage profile, and improve compliance with the power efficiency limitations. The procedure has been simulated in the MATLAB Simulink system using the Institute of Electricity's test system (IEEE), and the results are displayed using numerical simulation. As a result, the system voltage profile was improved.

Modeling the dynamics of an exoskeleton link of variable length using the Lagrange – Maxwell system of differential equations of motion

The objective of the study is the development of 3D variable-length link model with electric drives to be used in designing of next-generation comfortable exoskeletons. The developed link model has two inertial absolutely rigid sections on its ends and a variable- length section, considered weightless, in between. The mechanical part of the variable-length link model has been implemented in the universal computer math "Wolfram Mathematcia 11.3" environment by building the system of Lagrange – Maxwell differential equations. The electro-mechanical link model with electric drives has been implemented in the MatLab Simulink environment. The implemented model includes the following units: the trajectory synthesis unit per each degree of freedom, the unit for controlling torques calculation based on differential equations of motion, the unit for selecting electric motors with gears, the unit for calculating electric current per each motor and implementing the control system. The electric motors, reducers, rack and pinion gears implementing the specified and programmed link motion have been selected. The inertial and geometrical variable-length link parameters corresponding to the human tibia in the period of the single-support step phase have been selected. The drives implementing the link rotation are situated in the bottom link point in the combination of two orthogonal cylindrical hinges. One of these hinges is fixed to the supporting surface, the other one is fixed to the link end. This hinge combination simulates human ankle joint in the single-support step phase. The drive controlling the link length change is situated at the end of the bottom absolutely rigid weighty link section. The programmed trajectories for generalized coordinates are specified based on the simulation requirements of the anthropomorphic tibia motion. As a result, the electro-mechanical model of a variable- length link with parameters corresponding to the average man’s tibia has been developed. The drives and gears that allow implementing the motion close to anthropomorphic one have been selected. The implementation of this motion based on the developed software in the computer math "Wolfram Mathematica 11.3" environment and in the MatLab Simulink system has been demonstrated. The numerical calculations are presented.

Numerical Simulation of Optimized Placement of Distibuted Generators in Standard Radial Distribution System Using Improved Computations

The need for energy globally has increased recently. Additionally, the idea of distributed generation is propelled by the absence of suitable transmission capacity, exaggerated transmission and distribution disasters, and the release of power advertising. Numerous benefits of distributed generation (DG) include a decrease in energy loss during force transfer and a reduction in the length and width of electrical cables. By lowering power quality and other problems, the use of the DGs with the current force distribution arrangements may enhance the intensity standard. The impacts of distributed generators (DGs) are discussed in this article in relation to various operating situations and the voltage measurement output of the regulator, which is typically accessible in grid interface. The investigation's goals are to locate the best DG connection point in the DS, reduce the power and voltage profile, and improve compliance with the power efficiency limitations. The procedure has been simulated in the MATLAB Simulink system using the Institute of Electricity's test system (IEEE), and the results are displayed using numerical simulation. As a result, the system voltage profile was improved.

Micro-Grid Simulation and Integration with GRID using 13 Level Inverter

The need for renewable energy systems (RES) continues to grow, and research into wind and solar systems has accelerated in recent years. At the moment, the world's energy requirements are heavily reliant on fossil fuels, which are on the verge of extinction. Renewable energy demand will skyrocket in the next years. Our study demonstrates a robust energy generating system that utilises photovoltaic MPPT and a 13-level inverter system in MATLAB simulink to maximise the output of the solar panel. To optimise the advantages of such network interface distribution systems, a control approach is developed. The inverter is programmed to perform several purposes, including active power filtering. Thus, the inverter may be employed as a power converter to power the network's renewable energy sources. The MATLAB / Simulink simulation is used to execute and verify all of the analyses by subjecting the system to dynamic load conditions.

IMPACT OF GENERIC AND MULTIBAND POWER SYSTEM STABLIZER (PSS) ON ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM STABILITY

Sustained power system oscillation has become a serious problem for power system operation and control nowadays. Oscillations cause safety problems in electric power equipment and limit the transmission capacity of long-distance power transmission. Oscillations can reach an amount that can compromise the stable operation of the synchronous generator and the power system in general. One way to suppress oscillations is to use a stabilizer of the power system as an integral part of the excitation systems of generators. The task of the power oscillation stabilizer is to produce a torque damping component of the electromagnetic torque through the excitation systems. This paper reveals the impacts of Generic and Multiband power system stabilizers (PSS) to enhance the damping of low frequency oscillations in a two machine power system. The impact of the Multiband PSS was seen to be better that of Generic PSS on the two machine power system in Matlab Simulink. KEY WORD : Power, Stability, Simulation, Oscillations, Faults. DOI: 10.7176/CEIS/12-2-04 Publication date: April 30 th 2021

An enhanced fuzzy logic based strategy for non-disruptive load shedding and the predictive energy management system

Electrical energy capacity mismatch and immense power shortages due to energy deficit in the power system keep on increasing because of inadequate power capacity, insufficient investment, demand growth, and the rise in living standards. To maintain a balanced relationship between production and consumption, several load shedding schemes have been implemented for load management in the last few years, but their inconsistency poses a challenge. This research work will apply the fuzzy logic algorithm (FLA) and optimise the existing conventional power systems with and without dispersed generators (DGs). In critical circumstances, the algorithm will find node sets or desired locations where limits are violated and system operators may request the utility or industrial customer to shed a required amount of load by operating distributed generators to maintain its system integrity. The performance and suitability of the proposed scheme are demonstrated and proved by testing on a standard 33-bus radial distribution system in MATLAB Simulink having an objective function of minimising its total load curtailed and reducing power system losses by improving its system stability.

Frequency-current method of controlling an asynchronous three-phase motor

Object and purpose of research. This paper discusses the method for controlling an asynchronous motor (AM), based on maintaining the optimal frequency of the rotor currents, which corresponds to the maximum electromagnetic moment of the rotor, and controlling its value by regulating the stator currents.
 Materials and methods. The mathematical model of asynchronous motor adopted in this study assumed the stator to be powered by a controlled three-phase AC generator. The functional diagram of motor speed control system and its digital model in the Matlab Simulink system have been developed.
 Main results. The constructed mathematical model of AM is correct under condition of smooth changes in set frequency and amplitude of stator currents governed by three-phase stator current control loop practically without error.
 Conclusion. The proposed method for controlling AM does not require complex calculations and is not too demanding in terms of computer hardware resources.

Fast Fractional-Order Terminal Sliding Mode Control for Seven-Axis Robot Manipulator

This paper proposes a novel controller, fast fractional-order terminal sliding mode control (FFOTSMC), for a seven-degree-of-freedom (7-DOF) robot manipulator with tracking control. The new controller applies the fractional-order derivative on both the sliding surface design and the sliding control/reaching law. Compared to previous research, which only applies the fractional-order derivative on the sliding surface design, the proposed controller has a faster convergence for reaching the sliding surface and maintaining stay on it because of the new fractional-order control law, which helps the tracking accuracy. To implement the controller on the robot with less chattering, a sliding perturbation observer (SPO) is used to estimate the disturbance and uncertainties. Stability analysis is analyzed using Lyapunov functions for fractional-order systems. The controller performance is evaluated by a simulation of a single-input and single-output (SISO) system in MATLAB Simulink and experiments on the robot manipulator.

Optimal design of an Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) system for a passenger vehicle

This paper models the performance of a passenger vehicle equipped with Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) using a feedback control system in MATLAB Simulink. Two types of AEB control systems are simulated and compared; proportional-integral (PI) control and fuzzy logic control (FLC). Performance of both control systems simulated are compared using AEB City collision scenario defined in Euro New Car Assessment Protocol (NCAP). Results show that the proposed PI control system is able to meet Euro NCAP AEB City set requirements.

Economical and Technical Assessment of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Optimal Performance Applied in Hurghada, Egypt.

This paper deals with economic and technical evaluation of the hybrid power system which is fed six-megawatt load located in a city in Egypt called Hurghada. There is two types of economical evaluation. The first type is Economical evaluation which has two parts, the first part is cost estimation to know the price of generating power of the hybrid system in every season to reveal the lowest and the highest cost of the power unit in every season and The second part is an economic load dispatch for the six-megawatt load to know which hybrid system topology gives the required power at low cost and which topology gives the required power at a higher cost, economic load dispatch made for eight possible hybrid system topologies for four hybrid system units. The technical evaluation made by studying generating reliability indices Loss of Load Probability (LOLP), Loss of Load Expectation, (LOLE) Expected Energy Not Supplied (EENS) in every season of the year to know which season is more reliable to supply power to the load area. Studying generating reliability at the probabilities for generating units to achieve reliability index calculation according to the load duration curve of the load area in one year. The evaluation made by simulation of the hybrid system in MATLAB Simulink in every season and optimize power by using the Genetic Algorithm and Partial Swarm Optimization to ensure economical and technical optimal performance of the hybrid system.