Cell System Research Articles

Research and Development of Control Strategies for Fuel Cell Systems

For the self-developed kilowatt level proton exchange membrane fuel cell system, the control algorithm of the fuel cell system is built in MATLAB/Simulink, and the control models of each subsystem, the entire system control process, and steady-state calibration process are discussed. Data analysis through experiments shows that the system has good performance.

Advances in low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells: An explanatory review

This review article explores recent advancements and potential advantages of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFCs), offering a comprehensive overview of critical developments in the field. It highlights the significance of utilizing oxygen ion conducting electrolytes such as La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3–type (LSGM) perovskties and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) in LT-SOFCs, emphasizing their role in facilitating efficient oxygen transport at lower temperatures. Furthermore, the review discusses the importance of electrode tailoring at the nanoscale using techniques like sol-gel and pulsed laser deposition (PLD), which have been shown to enhance the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode, thereby improving overall cell performance. One of the key focal points of the review is the exploration of perovskite structures and their imperative characteristics in LT-SOFCs. Specifically, it elucidates how oxygen defects within perovskites contribute to the migration of oxygen ions, consequently augmenting electrical conductivity within the cell. This discussion underscores the significance of understanding the fundamental principles governing ion transport mechanisms in electrolyte materials, which is crucial for the development of next-generation LT-SOFCs with improved efficiency and performance. Moreover, the review highlights recent advancements in the fabrication of nanoscale electrolyte films, which have shown promising results in reducing series resistance and enhancing cell performance at lower temperatures. Techniques such as atomic layer deposition (ALD), and spark plasma sintering (SPS) are discussed in the context of fabricating these nanoscale membranes, underscoring their potential for revolutionizing LT-SOFC technology. Overall, this review consolidates recent research findings and technological advancements in the field of LT-SOFCs, shedding light on the novel approaches and strategies employed to overcome existing challenges and propel the development of more efficient and practical fuel cell systems. By synthesizing key insights and highlighting future research directions, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and engineers working towards the advancement of LT-SOFC technology.

Partial melt in mesoscale upper mantle upwellings beneath ocean basins

How tectonic plate motions are coupled with mantle flows remains an open question. Quasi-periodic 2000 km wavelength undulations aligned with absolute plate motion in the Pacific and Indian Ocean basins, observed in gravity and seafloor topography and coinciding with seismically imaged low shear velocity fingers in the upper mantle, suggest the presence of meso‑scale convection below the lithosphere. However, the correspondence of sub-lithospheric mantle mass excess, seafloor lows and slow upper mantle seismic velocities cannot be explained by temperature variations alone. Here we introduce a simplified system of bi-dimensional convective cells of width ∼1000 km, extending from the base of the lithosphere through the extended mantle transition zone (down to 1000 km depth), at least partly driven from below. From mass balance considerations in a viscous Earth, we show that the density excess required in the hot upwelling limbs may reflect the formation of stable dense lenses of dehydration-induced partial melt atop the 410 km discontinuity, and upward entrainment of a small fraction of quasi-buoyant partially molten and recrystallized material across the upper mantle. Our model provides an explanation for the thin low shear velocity layer detected intermittently above the 410 km discontinuity in some parts of ocean basins away from subducted slabs, and supports the presence of water in the transition zone.

Structure and flexibility of the DNA polymerase holoenzyme of vaccinia virus.

The year 2022 was marked by the mpox outbreak caused by the human monkeypox virus (MPXV), which is approximately 98% identical to the vaccinia virus (VACV) at the sequence level with regard to the proteins involved in DNA replication. We present the production in the baculovirus-insect cell system of the VACV DNA polymerase holoenzyme, which consists of the E9 polymerase in combination with its co-factor, the A20-D4 heterodimer. This led to the 3.8 Å cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the DNA-free form of the holoenzyme. The model of the holoenzyme was constructed from high-resolution structures of the components of the complex and the A20 structure predicted by AlphaFold 2. The structures do not change in the context of the holoenzyme compared to the previously determined crystal and NMR structures, but the E9 thumb domain became disordered. The E9-A20-D4 structure shows the same compact arrangement with D4 folded back on E9 as observed for the recently solved MPXV holoenzyme structures in the presence and the absence of bound DNA. A conserved interface between E9 and D4 is formed by a cluster of hydrophobic residues. Small-angle X-ray scattering data show that other, more open conformations of E9-A20-D4 without the E9-D4 contact exist in solution using the flexibility of two hinge regions in A20. Biolayer interferometry (BLI) showed that the E9-D4 interaction is indeed weak and transient in the absence of DNA although it is very important, as it has not been possible to obtain viable viruses carrying mutations of key residues within the E9-D4 interface.

Reliability modeling and assessment of a community microgrid with electric vehicle charging station as a critical load

Microgrids are constituted of interconnected loads and dispersed energy resources. They increase the reliability of the power supply, decrease the cost of the per unit energy and support the green environment concept. Microgrids have gained importance due to their ability to deliver reliable energy and operate in both grid-connected and off-grid/island modes. Renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind can be connected to the microgrid system to generate green energy. An electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) can be deployed in microgrids powered by renewable energy sources. An effective way to handle the rapidly rising load demand of electric vehicles (EVs) is to integrate EV recharge stations into microgrids. Due to the intermittent nature of solar PV and EV load's reliability, an evaluation of microgrids becomes challenging. Assessment of the components’ failure and their impact on the system reliability is proposed using different methods. Reliability Block Diagram (RBD), Markov Reliability Modeling (MRM) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) - Monte Carlo simulation are used for the Reliability Modeling of a community microgrid considering EVCS as a critical load. The mean time to failure (MTTF) is computed for the entire microgrid which includes PV, wind and fuel cell systems integrated into the grid with associated power electronic devices, transmission lines, transformers and point of common coupling (PCC). MATLAB software was used to program and study the reliability aspects of the microgrid. Using the FTA MCS technique and grid functions for 45 years with 20 % reliability, significant results were obtained in terms of a MTTF rate of 26.16 years.

The regulation of BAI1 in astrocytes through the STAT3/EZH2 axis relieves neuronal apoptosis in rats with Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. Previous studies have identified the critical role of astrocytes in the progression of AD. The focus of this study revolves around clarifying the regulatory mechanism of the STAT3/EZH2/BAI1 axis in astrocytes in AD. We successfully developed a rat model of AD, and measured the learning and cognitive ability of the rats by Morris water maze experiment. HE and Nissl’s staining were used for histomorphological identification of the rat hippocampus. Meanwhile, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to detect astrocyte activation and brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor-1 (BAI1) expression in rat hippocampal tissue, respectively. The role of STAT3/EZH2/BAI1 regulating axis in astrocyte activation and neuronal cell apoptosis was verified by establishing the co-culture system of astrocytes and neuronal cells in vitro. Western Blot (WB) was used to detect the expression of associated proteins, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect astrocyte neurotrophic factor secretion. Hochest/PI staining and flow cytometry were used to observe neuronal apoptosis. Compared with the sham group, AD rats showed significantly decreased cognitive and learning abilities, noticeable hippocampal tissue damage, and significantly low levels of BAI1 expression. In in vitro models, BAI1 was found to inhibit astrocyte activation and enhance the secretion of neurotrophins, resulting in decrease of neurone apoptosis. The regulation of BAI1 by the STAT3/EZH2 axis was shown to affect astrocyte activation and neuronal cell apoptosis. In conclusion, this study represents the pioneering discovery that regulated by the STAT3/EZH2 axis, BAI1 suppresses astrocyte activation, thus reducing neuronal apoptosis.

Monosymmetric Fe-N4 sites enabling durable proton exchange membrane fuel cell cathode by chemical vapor modification.

The limited durability of metal-nitrogen-carbon electrocatalysts severely restricts their applicability for the oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In this study, we employ the chemical vapor modification method to alter the configuration of active sites from FeN4 to the stable monosymmetric FeN2+N'2, along with enhancing the degree of graphitization in the carbon substrate. This improvement effectively addresses the challenges associated with Fe active center leaching caused by N-group protonation and free radicals attack due to the 2-electron oxygen reduction reaction. The electrocatalyst with neoteric active site exhibited excellent durability. During accelerated aging test, the electrocatalyst exhibited negligible decline in its half-wave potential even after undergoing 200,000 potential cycles. Furthermore, when subjected to operational conditions representative of fuel cell systems, the electrocatalyst displayed remarkable durability, sustaining stable performance for a duration exceeding 248 h. The significant improvement in durability provides highly valuable insights for the practical application of metal-nitrogen-carbon electrocatalysts.

Asymmetric stem cell division maintains the genetic heterogeneity of tissue cells.

Within a given tissue, the stem cell niche provides the microenvironment for stem cells suitable for their self-renewal. Conceptually, the niche space constrains the size of a stem-cell pool, as the cells sharing the niche compete for its space. It has been suggested that either neutral- or non-neutral-competition of stem cells changes the clone dynamics of stem cells. Theoretically, if the rate of asymmetric division is high, the stem cell competition is limited, thus suppressing clonal expansion. However, the effects of asymmetric division on clone dynamics have never been experimentally tested. Here, using the Drosophila germline stem cell (GSC) system, as a simple model of the in-vivo niche, we examine the effect of division modes (asymmetric or symmetric) on clonal dynamics by combining experimental approaches with mathematical modeling. Our experimental data and computational model both suggest that the rate of asymmetric division is proportional to the time a stem cell clone takes to expand. Taken together, our data suggests that asymmetric division is essential for maintaining the genetic variation of stem cells and thus serves as a critical mechanism for safeguarding fertility over the animal age or preventing multiple disorders caused by the clonal expansion of stem cells.

Development of Air Cell System Following Canal Wall Up Mastoidectomy for Pediatric Cholesteatoma.

Background: The development of temporal bone pneumatization is related to the postnatal middle ear environment, where the development of air cells is suppressed with otitis media in early childhood. However, whether air cell formation restarts when mastoidectomy is performed during temporal bone pneumatization remains unclear. Herein, we evaluated temporal bone pneumatization after canal wall up (CWU) tympanomastoidectomy for middle ear cholesteatoma in children. Methods: In total, 63 patients, including 29 patients with congenital cholesteatoma (CC) and 34 patients with acquired cholesteatoma (AC), were assessed using a set of pre- and postoperative computed tomography images. The air cells of the temporal bone were divided into five areas: periantral (anterior), periantral (posterior), periantral (medial), peritubal, and petrous apex. The number of areas with air cells before and after surgery was compared to evaluate temporal bone pneumatization after surgery. Results: A total of 63 patients, comprising 29 with CC and 34 with AC (pars flaccida; 23, pars tensa; 7, unclassified; 4), were evaluated. The median age of patients (18 males and 11 females) with CC was 5.0 (range, 2-15 years), while that of the AC group (23 males and 11 females) was 8 (range, 2-15 years). A significant difference in air cell presence was identified in the CC and AC groups after surgery (Mann-Whitney U, p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). Between the two groups, considerably better postoperative pneumatization was observed in the CC group. A correlation between age at surgery and gain of postoperative air cell area development was identified in the CC group (Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficient, r = -0.584, p < 0.001). In comparison with the postoperative pneumatization rate of each classified area, the petrous apex area was the lowest in the CC and AC groups. Conclusions: Newly developed air cells were identified in the temporal bones after CWU mastoidectomy for pediatric cholesteatoma. These findings may justify CWU tympanomastoidectomy, at least for younger children and CC patients, who may subsequently develop air cell systems after surgery.

Thermodynamic analysis of a solid oxide electrolysis cell system in thermoneutral mode integrated with industrial waste heat for hydrogen production

In this study, a widely applicable hydrogen production system based on solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC) is proposed for industrial waste heat recovery. When the thermoneutral mode is employed to maintain the isothermal state of SOEC, the performances of a single SOEC and the system are comprehensively analyzed respectively. The results show that an increase in SOEC temperature leads to a rise in current density, power, hydrogen production, and inlet steam flow rate. Conversely, as the steam conversion rate rises, these parameter values decrease. A set of 3D performance maps are provided to illustrate parameter variations. The thermoneutral data of SOEC can be utilized in various systems, not limited to the proposed one.Increasing the steam conversion rate improves energy efficiency and energy consumption performance of the system, but decreases the inlet steam flow rate and production capacity. A temperature rise improves the inlet steam flow rate and production capacity but has a slight effect on energy efficiency and energy consumption performance. When the inlet steam flow rate is 50 kg/h and the temperature is 800 °C, the system achieves a maximum hydrogen production of 2.473 kmol/h. The proportion of waste heat supply to total energy consumption fluctuates between 15.5 % and 20.6 % across the operation conditions. It shows great potential for hydrogen production utilizing industrial waste heat. Meanwhile, the stack consumes almost all of the electrical energy.

Engineering High-Performance Li Metal Batteries through Dual-Gradient Porous Cu-CuZn Host.

Porous copper (Cu) current collectors show promise in stabilizing Li metal anodes (LMAs). However, insufficient lithiophilicity of pure Cu and limited porosity in three-dimensional (3D) porous Cu structures led to an inefficient Li-Cu composite preparation and poor electrochemical performance of Li-Cu composite anodes. Herein, we propose a porous Cu-CuZn (DG-CCZ) host for Li composite anodes to tackle these issues. This architecture features a pore size distribution and lithiophilic-lithiophobic characteristics designed in a gradient distribution from the inside to the outside of the anode structure. This dual-gradient porous Cu-CuZn exhibits exceptional capillary wettability to molten Li and provides a high porosity of up to 66.05%. This design promotes preferential Li deposition in the interior of the porous structure during battery operation, effectively inhibiting Li dendrite formation. Consequently, all cell systems achieve significantly improved cycling stability, including Li half-cells, Li-Li symmetric cells, and Li-LFP full cells. When paired synergistically with the double-coated LiFePO4 cathode, the pouch cell configured with multiple electrodes demonstrates an impressive discharge capacity of 159.3 mAh g-1 at 1C. We believe this study can inspire the design of future 3D Li anodes with enhanced Li utilization efficiency and facilitate the development of future high-energy Li metal batteries.

Predilection Site for the Meat Lover Trichinella spp Larvae and its Pathogenesis and Potency in Human Host

Aims: To revisited carefully previously published articles available in the internet regarding predilection site of Trichinella spp larvae including their pathogenesis and its potency. Discussion: By carefully reviewing previously published literature available in the internet regarding the parasite Trichinella tropism to its host’s striated muscle, the author briefly withdraw some important keypoint to be revealed. The nematode Trichinella spp causes serious zoonosis called trichinellosis, a disease affecting striated or skeletal muscles which consider as one of tropical disease. Even though its natural host varied, but infection among live stocks, such as pigs and other animals, which are raising public health concern. Human infection occurs after consumption of raw or undercooked meat or meat products contain muscle larvae of T. spiralis. The tropism of the parasite for individual striated muscles and/or striated muscle groups varies significantly. Trichinella spp. has a direct life cycle where all three life cycle stages (the infective muscle larvae, adult, and new born larvae) happen serially in one host only. Intestine-dwelling adults of Trichinella produce newborn larvae that bypass the enterocyte, enter the bloodstream and colonize skeletal muscle. The muscle larvae assemble excretory-secretory products which play crucial role in establishing and maintaining persistent parasitism and the host’s immune modulation and evasion. It turns out that excretory-secretory products from muscle larvae and mature worm also have hidden medical potential that can be used to treat allergic problems, inflammation-based diseases, autoimmunity and even malignancy. Conclusion: Trichinellosis is a serious and potentially fatal zoonosis which transmitted through consuming raw or uncooked contaminated meat or its comestibles. Its primary tropism is to the host’s striated muscle and infection can persist for a long time facilitated by several reciprocities of its product (e.g., excretory-secretory) with the host’s cell and immune system. Fortunately, there are several promising potency in the field of therapeutic and prevention medicine which should be explored intensely.

Fault diagnosis method of PEMFC system based on ensemble learning

Due to the coupling of multiple physical fields inside proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and the complex and changeable external application scenarios, the faults of PEMFC system greatly affects its engineering application. The paper proposes an ensemble learning-based fault diagnosis method for PEMFC systems, utilizing five distinct algorithms to develop an integrated ensemble classifier for fault detection. The original sample dataset collected from fuel cells undergoes a process of deep feature extraction to obtain a composite feature sample dataset, which is then inputted into an ensemble classifier to establish a fault diagnosis model. The experimental data of four kinds of faults of 80 W fuel cell test bench, EC fuel cell system and 50 W water-cooled fuel cell test bench are analyzed by using this classification model. The results show that the accuracy and generalization of the ensemble learning algorithm for different fault diagnosis of PEMFC system in different application environments are verified.

CO2 conversion to synthetic fuels using flow cell reactor over Cu and Ag based cathodes

As a result of electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2), value-added chemicals like as synthetic fuels and chemical feedstocks can be produced. In the current state of the art, copper-based materials are most widely used being the most effective catalysts for this reaction. It is still necessary to improve the reaction rate and product selectivity of CuOx for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). The main objective of this work was synthesized and evaluate the copper oxide electrocatalyst combined with silver (CuO 70% Ag 30%) for the conversion of carbon dioxide into synthetic fuels. The catalysts have been prepared by the oxalate method and assessed in a flow cell system. The results of electrochemical experiments were carried out at room temperature and at different potentials (-1.05 V–0.75 V vs. RHE in presence of 0.1 M KHCO3) and gas and liquid chromatographic analysis are summarized. The CuOx-based electrodes demonstrated the selective of ~ 25% at -0.55 V for formic acid (HCOOH) and over CuO -Ag and selective of ethylene at ~ 20% over CuOx at -1.05 V. Other products were formed as ethylene, ethanol, and propanol (C2H4, EtOH, PrOH) at more positive potentials. On the other hand, carbon monoxide, acetate, ethylene glycol, propinaldehyde, glycoaldehyde and glyoxal (CO, CH3COO, C2H6O2, C3H6O, C2H4O2, C2H2O2) have been formed and detected. Based on the results of these studies, it appears that the formation of synthetic fuels from CO2 at room temperature in alkaline environment can be very promising.

Rapidly declining costs of truck batteries and fuel cells enable large-scale road freight electrification

AbstractLow-carbon road freight transport is pivotal in mitigating global warming. Nonetheless, electrifying heavy-duty vehicles poses a tremendous challenge due to high technical requirements and cost competitiveness. Data on future truck costs are scarce and uncertain, complicating assessments of the future role of zero-emission truck (ZET) technologies. Here we derive most likely cost developments for price setting ZET components by meta forecasting from more than 200 original sources. We find that costs are primed to decline much faster than expected, with significant differences between scientific and near-market estimates. Specifically, battery system costs could drop by 64% to 75% and fall below €150 kWh−1 by no later than 2035, whereas fuel cell system costs may exhibit even higher cost reductions but are unlikely to reach €100 kWh−1 before the early 2040s. This fast cost decline supports an optimistic view on the ZET market diffusion and has substantial implications for future energy and transport systems.

Angiogenin-mediated tsRNAs control inflammation and metabolic disorder by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome.

The cellular stress response system in immune cells plays a crucial role in regulating the development of inflammatory diseases. In response to cellular damage or microbial infection, the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome induces pyroptosis and the release of inflammatory cytokines. Meanwhile, Angiogenin (Ang)-mediated transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) promote cell survival under stressful conditions. While both tsRNAs and inflammasomes are induced under stress conditions, the interplay between these two systems and their implications in regulating inflammatory diseases remains poorly understood. In this study, it was demonstrated that Ang deficiency exacerbated sodium arsenite-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis. Moreover, Ang-induced 5'-tsRNAs inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis. Mechanistically, 5'-tsRNAs recruit DDX3X protein into stress granules (SGs), consequently inhibiting the interaction between DDX3X and NLRP3, thus leading to the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, in vivo results showed that Ang deficiency led to the downregulation of tsRNAs, ultimately leading to an exacerbation of NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent inflammation, including lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation and type-2 diabetes-related inflammation. Altogether, our study sheds a new light on the role of Ang-induced 5'-tsRNAs in regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation via SGs, and highlights tsRNAs as a promising target for the treatment of NLRP3 inflammasome-related diseases.

Extracting Accurate Parameters from a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Model Using the Differential Evolution Ameliorated Meta-Heuristics Algorithm

The electrochemical proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is an electrical generator that utilizes a chemical reaction mechanism to produce electricity, serving as a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy source. To thoroughly analyze and develop the features and performance of a PEMFC, it is essential to use a precise model that incorporates exact parameters to effectively suit the polarization curve. In addition, parameter extraction plays a crucial role in the simulation analysis, evaluation, optimum control, and fault detection of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system. Despite the development of many algorithms for parameter extraction in PEMFC, obtaining accurate and trustworthy results rapidly remains a challenge. This study presents a hybridized algorithm, namely differential evolution ameliorated (DEA) for reliably estimating PEMFC model parameters. To evaluate the proposed DEA-based parameter identification, a comparison analysis with previously published methods is conducted using MATLAB/SimulinkTM (R2016b, MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) in terms of system correctness and convergence process. The proposed DEA algorithm is tested to extract the parameters of two PEMFC models: SR-12 500 W and 250 W. The sum of the squared errors (SSE) between the experimental and the obtained voltage data is defined as an objective function. The simulation results prove that the suggested DEA algorithm is capable of identifying the optimal PEMFC parameters rapidly and accurately in comparison with other optimization algorithms.

Common cause analysis of the air supply system of fuel cell-powered propulsion systems in electrified aviation

By means of a Common Cause Analysis (CCA), potential safety challenges of the air supply system for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell systems (PEMFCSs) as the primary energy provider in electric aero engines are identified and mitigated. The design of an exemplary hydrogen-fuelled PEMFCS-powered aero engine is described, focusing on the air supply system. The safety assessment method CCA, consisting of a Zonal Safety Analysis (ZSA), a Particular Risk Analysis (PRA) and a Common Mode Analysis (CMA), is described and conducted on the PEMFCS aero engine’s air supply system. Failure modes and external events, which can have safety effects are identified, and potential design adaptations for mitigation are presented.

Continuous Lithium‐Ion Extraction From Seawater and Mine Water With a Fuel Cell System and Ceramic Membranes

The demand for electronic devices that utilize lithium is steadily increasing in this rapidly advancing technological world. Obtaining high‐purity lithium in an environmentally friendly way is challenging by using commercialized methods. Herein, we propose the first fuel cell system for continuous lithium‐ion extraction using a lithium superionic conductor membrane and advanced electrode. The fuel cell system for extracting lithium‐ion has demonstrated a twofold increase in the selectivity of Li+/Na+ while producing electricity. Our data show that the fuel cell with a titania‐coated electrode achieves 95% lithium‐ion purity while generating 10.23 Wh of energy per gram of lithium. Our investigation revealed that using atomic layer deposition improved the electrode's uniformity, stability, and electrocatalytic activity. After 2000 cycles determined by cyclic voltammetry, the electrode preserved its stability.

Angiotensin II – AT1 receptor signalling regulates the plasminogen-plasmin system in human stromal endometrial cells increasing extracellular matrix degradation, cell migration and inducing a proinflammatory profile

The pivotal role of human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs) in the development of endometriosis lies in their ability to adopt a pro-invasive and proinflammatory profile upon migration to areas outside the uterus. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in these events remain unclear. In this study, we investigated how angiotensin II (Ang II) affects the plasminogen-plasmin system in hESCs, and the mechanisms underlying cell proliferation, migration, matrix degradation, and inflammation. Precursors, receptors, and peptidases involved in angiotensin metabolism increased significantly in Ang II-treated hESCs. The expression and activity of tissue (tPA)- and urokinase (uPA)- type plasminogen activators and the receptor for uPA (uPAR) were induced in the presence of Ang II. The up-regulation of tPA-uPA/uPAR pathway significantly contributes to heightened plasmin production both on the surface of hESCs and in their conditioned media. As a result, the plasmin generation induced by Ang II enhances the degradation of fibrin and matrix proteins, while also boosting hESC viability, proliferation, and migration through the up-regulation of growth factor expression. Notably, Ang II-induced hESC migration was dependent on the generation of active plasmin on cell surface. Ang II regulates oxidative and inflammatory signalling in hESCs primarily via NADPH oxidase and through the up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules. Interestingly, Ang II receptor (AT1R) blockage, decreased plasmin generation, tPA-uPA/uPAR expression and hESC migration. Our results suggest that Ang II/AT1R axis regulates hESC proliferation and migration through tPA-uPA/uPAR pathway activation and plasmin generation. We propose the Ang II/AT1R axis as a potential target for endometriosis treatment.