Rehabilitation System Research Articles

IoT and Motion Recognition-Based Healthcare Rehabilitation Systems (IMRHRS): An Empirical Examination From Physicians’ Perspective Using Stimulus-Organism-Response Theory

IoT and Motion Recognition-Based Healthcare Rehabilitation Systems (IMRHRS): An Empirical Examination From Physicians’ Perspective Using Stimulus-Organism-Response Theory

הערכת יישום פרויקט UPSIDES ("אפסיידס") בישראל: מסקנות לקידום יישום מיטבי של תמיכת עמיתים בשירותי השיקום בבריאות הנפש בישראל

Background: Over the last few decades there is an increasingly heavy burden on mental health (MH) in Israel and around the world. Peer providers are a relatively new and contributing service. Peers integrate into the rehabilitation system alongside various professionals, including occupational therapists. When optimally integrated into MH services, peers can support service users' recovery, benefit their own recovery, and promote a recovery and person-centered orientation in MH organizations. However, there are multiple implementation challenges which make peer contribution somewhat questionable. UPSIDES – an international project aims to enhance and scale up implementation of peer support in five countries across Europe, Africa, and Asia. As part of this program, a peer support intervention was developed and implemented in two mental health rehabilitation organizations in Israel. The aim of the study: To examine the implementation process of peer support within UPSIDES project in Israel. Research method: Participatory action research using a qualitative method that focuses on implementation evaluation. Twenty six interested parties participate in 4 focus groups and 6 interviews, following the UPSIDES intervention implementation. A qualitative thematic analysis was performed based on the CFIR framework, using MAXQDA 2020 software. Findings: UPSIDES provided a comprehensive response to implementation of peer support addressing most challenges previously identified. However, 4 challenges emerged: (i) being positioned in a dual role: traditional and peer-designated role in the same organization, (ii) maximizing impact on the organization, (iii) adequate staff training, and (iv) the sustainability of the intervention. Conclusions and implications for practice and policy: The remaining challenges highlight that in order to promote a recovery and person-centered orientation in MH organizations and sustainable peer roles, there is a need for professional training and guidance throughout the implementation processes across all levels of the organization. More specifically if is recommended to encourage direct exposure of teams to peer roles and newly developed governmental policies, fund and enforce designated peer roles, advance peer training and certification processes, alongside education and training for organizations.

International Classification of Health Interventions of World Health Organization as the basis for a new nomenclature of medical rehabilitation services

To analyze the structure of International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI) of World Health Organization (WHO) and the possibilities of its practical application in domestic medical rehabilitation system. The role of ICHI and its structural logical correlations with other classifications of the WHO international classifications section has been determined. Analysis of ICHI application areas, comparison of ICHI codes and new nomenclature of medical services were performed. Analysis of ICHI and new nomenclature project of medical services in the Russian Federation showed, that ICHI formed the basis for the development of a new medical services nomenclature, including a section on medical rehabilitation. The basic principles of ICHI (structure by axes: aim, action, means; codes uniqueness; hierarchical method of classification formation) and ICHI fragment associated with purposes for systems and organism functions are presented in the new nomenclature of medical services. It has been established that ICHI can be a basis for developing domestic list of rehabilitation services, the formation of which is planned in the near future. The development of medical services nomenclature in the Russian Federation will significantly increase the availability, funding and effectiveness of medical rehabilitation assistance.

Comparisons of three different modes of digital mirror therapy for post-stroke rehabilitation: Preliminary results of randomized controlled trial

Objective Technologically adapted mirror therapy shows promising results in improving motor function for stroke survivors. The treatment effects of a newly developed multi-mode stroke rehabilitation system offering multiple training modes in digital mirror therapy remain unknown. This study aimed to examine the effects of unilateral mirror visual feedback (MVF) with unimanual training (UM-UT), unilateral MVF with bimanual training (UM-BT), and bilateral MVF with bimanual training (BM-BT) on clinical outcomes in stroke survivors, compared to classical mirror therapy (CMT). Methods Thirty-five participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups receiving fifteen 60-minute training sessions for 3–4 weeks. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory (CAHAI), Revised Nottingham Sensory Assessment (rNSA), Motor Activity Log (MAL), and EQ-5D-5L were administered at pre- and post-intervention and at 1-month follow-up. Results After intervention and follow-up, significant within-group treatment efficacies were found on most primary outcomes of the FMA-UE and CAHAI scores in all four groups. Significant within-group improvements in the secondary outcomes were found on the MAL and EQ-5D-5L index in the UM-BT group, and the rNSA tactile sensation and MAL quality of movement subscales in the BM-BT group. No significant between-group treatment efficacies were found. Conclusions UM-UT, UM-BT, BM-BT, and CMT led to similar clinical effects on the FMA-UE and can be considered effective alternative interventions for post-stroke upper-limb motor rehabilitation. UM-BT and BM-BT showed within-group improvements in functional performance in the patients’ affected upper limbs in real-life activities.

THE IMPACT OF CANALS REHABILITATION AND CONTINUOUS FLOW SYSTEM ON APPLICATION OF MODERN IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN EGYPT

With The intent of Ministry of Water Resource and Irrigation in Egypt to apply the modern irrigation system in the old land, it is important to understand the impact of canals rehabilitation and water distribution system on such application. The study investigated such impact through studying two canals, the first canal (Branch # 11) in West Delta, and the second canal (Dakalt canal) in Middle Delta. The study discussed the accurate application of the continuous flow based on the experiences of the developed countries, and it used the simulation model (HEC-RAS) to test the ability of both canals to convey the required water under different water abstraction scenarios. These scenarios were irrigating throughout the whole time, through the whole days of Onperiods. Both systems worked properly for the first two scenarios, while there was aproblem in the third scenario. The discussion highlighted that accurate application of the continuous flow requires enhancing the performance of the irrigation network, besides precise calculation of water requirements. The study conduct that adapting water distribution system before applying modern irrigation system is essential to avoid the failure of such application.

작업치료분야 인공지능 적용에 대한 체계적 고찰

Objective : In this study, a systematic literature review was conducted to analyze research on the application of artificial intelligence in the field of occupational therapy. Through this, we aim to examine the current status and potential of artificial intelligence applications in occupational therapy and provide foundational data for the future utilization and research directions of artificial intelligence in this field. Methods : This study targeted domestic literature from January 2018 to October 2023. The databases utilized for literature search included the Korean Studies Information Service (KISS), the Research Information Service System (RISS), and the Nurimedia (DBpia). Out of a total of 67 papers obtained from the search results, 57 papers were excluded based on exclusion criteria, and a final selection of 10 papers was made
 Results : The analysis of the selected 10 papers in this study revealed that there were 3 (30.0%) randomized experimental studies, 1 (10.0%) non-randomized two-group experimental study, 5 (50.0%) survey studies, and 1 (10.0%) qualitative study. Out of all the studies, robot-related research accounted for 7 (70%) of the total, while digital therapeutic interventions, cognitive rehabilitation, and measurement technologies each constituted 1 paper Conclusion : Although artificial intelligence has been applied in the field of occupational therapy, particularly centered around robots and computerized cognitive rehabilitation systems, there has been a limited number of studies focusing on the practical application of artificial intelligence. Future research should focus on conducting studies that explore the therapeutic application of artificial intelligence using deep learning or machine learning. It is crucial to conduct high-quality research with a systematic research design to ensure the practical and effective implementation of artificial intelligence in the field.

The Intersection of Mental Health, Law, and Rehabilitation

Prisoners are people who are serving a sentence or criminal period in a correctional institution, but the human rights of prisoners must also be protected. However, prisoners are also part of those who have rights as human beings, including the right to live life, the right to receive welfare, and also have the right to obtain health services. The rights of prisoners are even regulated in law number 22 of 2022 concerning correctional facilities. In addition to physical health, there is mental health that is vulnerable to threats to prisoners. The importance of mental health in relation to the law relates to several issues, including the difficulty of individuals to provide accurate testimony, the consideration of mental capacity in the judicial process, as well as the protection of the rights of mentally ill individuals. This research explores the intersection between mental health, law, and rehabilitation in the context of prisoners. The main focus is to evaluate the challenges that arise in fulfilling prisoners' mental health service rights through the existing legal and rehabilitation systems. Through an interdisciplinary approach, this research seeks an in-depth understanding of how legal factors and the detention environment can affect the mental health of inmates. This approach includes prevention, diagnosis and intervention measures covering medical, psychological, social and legal aspects. The research seeks to provide a basis for policy change that supports the rights of individuals with mental illness, promotes fairness in the justice system, and reduces stigmatisation associated with mental health in legal contexts.

Innovative haptic-based system for upper limb rehabilitation in visually impaired individuals: a multilayer approach

Innovative haptic-based system for upper limb rehabilitation in visually impaired individuals: a multilayer approach

Investigating Activity Recognition for Hemiparetic Stroke Patients Using Wearable Sensors: A Deep Learning Approach with Data Augmentation.

Measuring the daily use of an affected limb after hospital discharge is crucial for hemiparetic stroke rehabilitation. Classifying movements using non-intrusive wearable sensors provides context for arm use and is essential for the development of a home rehabilitation system. However, the movement classification of stroke patients poses unique challenges, including variability and sparsity. To address these challenges, we collected movement data from 15 hemiparetic stroke patients (Stroke group) and 29 non-disabled individuals (ND group). The participants performed two different tasks, the range of motion (14 movements) task and the activities of daily living (56 movements) task, wearing five inertial measurement units in a home setting. We trained a 1D convolutional neural network and evaluated its performance for different training groups: ND-only, Stroke-only, and ND and Stroke jointly. We further compared the model performance with data augmentation from axis rotation and investigated how the performance varied based on the asymmetry of movements. The joint training of ND + Stroke yielded an increased F1-score by a margin of 31.6% and 10.6% compared to ND-only training and Stroke-only training, respectively. Data augmentation further enhanced F1-scores across all conditions by an average of 11.3%. Finally, asymmetric movements decreased the F1-score by 25.9% compared to symmetric movements in the Stroke group, indicating the importance of asymmetry in movement classification.

Государство и общество: поддержка инвалидов-фронтовиков в 1941–1945 годы (на материалах Дагестанской автономной республики)

The article analyzes the assistance provided by central and regional party-state and public organizations to the disabled of the Great Patriotic War and their family members in Dagestan on the basis of diverse materials. During the war period, the number of disabled people increased significantly, the transformation of the social security and rehabilitation system of Soviet soldiers and officers who temporarily or completely lost their ability to work due to severe injury, contusion or injury. The article analyzes the actions undertaken by the authorities and society to improve the material and living conditions of disabled veterans, as well as measures of social support and employment for them. The employment of disabled people solved two tasks at the same time – it allowed creating a personnel reserve for various sectors of the national economy, and ensuring their social protection after returning to peaceful life. According to the author, assistance to war invalids and their family members during the Great Patriotic War was a demonstration of concern on the part of the state and society for this socially unprotected group of the population.

A narrative review of the use of a cutting-edge virtual reality rehabilitation technology in neurological and neuropsychological rehabilitation.

Virtual reality (VR) interventions have been increasingly used in the rehabilitation of a wide range of neurological and neuropsychological dysfunctions. Findings of previous reviews showed positive and promising effects of VR-based interventions. However, they summarized findings on VR-based intervention carried out through different VR systems and tasks. We carried out a narrative review with the aim of qualitatively synthesising the results of previous studies that used specific VR systems, i.e. the Khymeia -Virtual Reality Rehabilitation System, for treatment purposes. We searched the literature in various databases (i.e. EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, PubMed and PubMed Central) for studies published until November 23, 2023. 30 studies were selected. The VRRS was used for neuromotor rehabilitation only in 13 studies, for cognitive rehabilitation in 11 studies, and for both neuromotor and cognitive rehabilitation in six studies. The study design was heterogeneous including 15 randomised controlled trials. After discussing each study according to the type of rehabilitation we concluded that the use and efficacy of VRRS rehabilitative intervention for increasing the neurological and neuropsychological functioning of patients are promising but more evidence is needed to make a comparison with conventional treatment. Future studies should also include long-term follow-up as well as cost-effectiveness analysis.

Sonification for Personalised Gait Intervention.

Mobility challenges threaten physical independence and good quality of life. Often, mobility can be improved through gait rehabilitation and specifically the use of cueing through prescribed auditory, visual, and/or tactile cues. Each has shown use to rectify abnormal gait patterns, improving mobility. Yet, a limitation remains, i.e., long-term engagement with cueing modalities. A paradigm shift towards personalised cueing approaches, considering an individual's unique physiological condition, may bring a contemporary approach to ensure longitudinal and continuous engagement. Sonification could be a useful auditory cueing technique when integrated within personalised approaches to gait rehabilitation systems. Previously, sonification demonstrated encouraging results, notably in reducing freezing-of-gait, mitigating spatial variability, and bolstering gait consistency in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). Specifically, sonification through the manipulation of acoustic features paired with the application of advanced audio processing techniques (e.g., time-stretching) enable auditory cueing interventions to be tailored and enhanced. These methods used in conjunction optimize gait characteristics and subsequently improve mobility, enhancing the effectiveness of the intervention. The aim of this narrative review is to further understand and unlock the potential of sonification as a pivotal tool in auditory cueing for gait rehabilitation, while highlighting that continued clinical research is needed to ensure comfort and desirability of use.

REHABS: An Innovative and User-Friendly Device for Rehabilitation.

Rehabilitation is a complex set of interventions involving the assessment, management, and treatment of injuries. It aims to support and facilitate an individual's recovery process by restoring a physiological function, e.g., limb movement, compromised by physical impairments, injuries or diseases to a condition as close to normal as possible. Innovative devices and solutions make the rehabilitation process of patients easier during their daily activities. Devices support physicians and physiotherapists in monitoring and measuring patients' physical improvements during rehabilitation. In this context, we report the design and implementation of a low-cost rehabilitation system, which is a programmable device designed to support tele-rehabilitation of the upper limbs. The proposed system includes a mechanism to acquire and analyze data and signals related to rehabilitation processes.

High-Performance Hydrogel Sensors Enabled Multimodal and Accurate Human-Machine Interaction System for Active Rehabilitation.

Human-machine interaction (HMI) technology shows an important application prospect in rehabilitation medicine, but it is greatly limited by the unsatisfactory recognition accuracy and wearing comfort. Here, this work develops a fully flexible, conformable, and functionalized multimodal HMI interface consisting of hydrogel-based sensors and a self-designed flexible printed circuit board. Thanks to the component regulation and structural design of the hydrogel, both electromyogram (EMG) and forcemyography (FMG) signals can be collected accurately and stably, so that they are later decoded with the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI). Compared with traditional multichannel EMG signals, the multimodal human-machine interaction method based on the combination of EMG and FMG signals significantly improves the efficiency of human-machine interaction by increasing the information entropy of the interaction signals. The decoding accuracy of the interaction signals from only two channels for different gestures reaches 91.28%. The resulting AI-powered active rehabilitation system can control a pneumatic robotic glove to assist stroke patients in completing movements according to the recognized human motion intention. Moreover, this HMI interface is further generalized and applied to other remote sensing platforms, such as manipulators, intelligent cars, and drones, paving the way for the design of future intelligent robot systems.

Construction of the burn rehabilitation system

Burn rehabilitation is an important part of burn discipline. As the goal of burn treatment has changed from saving lives and wound elimination to high-quality recovery of body function, burn rehabilitation has been integrated into all levels of burn treatment. In clinical practice, with the establishment of the concept of early preventive rehabilitation, the remodeling of the concept of functional reconstruction in wound repair, and the clarity of the concept of overall rehabilitation, the concept of burn rehabilitation has changed fundamentally. Burn rehabilitation system is not a simple accumulation of directional medical technologies, but an additive expression of multiple medical technologies, covering multi-disciplinary content, including the introduction and application of interdisciplinary new technologies, and involvement of subspecialties. Burn rehabilitation runs throughout the whole process of burn treatment, including early body positioning, later targeted physical and chemical treatments, and even the neurocognitive treatment, which is accompanied by the evaluation of rehabilitation quality throughout the entire process of rehabilitation.

On the organization of interdepartmental interaction of institutions of medico-social expertise and rehabilitation of disabled people in the region (on the example of the Perm territory)

BACKGROUND: Currently, a rehabilitation system for people with disabilities is actively developing at the federal and regional levels. Institutions of medical and social expertise occupy an important place in it, developing an individual program of rehabilitation or habilitation (IPRН) and evaluating the results of its implementation.
 AIM: Assess the need of persons recognized as disabled for rehabilitation measures, analyze the organization of interdepartmental interaction of institutions for medical and social examination and rehabilitation of disabled people at the regional level.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the needs of persons recognized as disabled for rehabilitation measures within the framework of IPRH for five years (2018–2022) was carried out according to the Federal state information system “Uniform automated vertically integrated information and analytical system on conducting medico-social examination” of Main Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise in Perm Territory, forms Federal State Statistical Observation № 7-Sobes “Information on the medical and social examination of persons aged 18 years and older”, № 7-D (Sobes) “Information on the medical and social examination of children under the age of 18”. The indicators of the effectiveness of rehabilitation based on the results of re-examination at the ITU bureau were studied, and an analysis of organizational technologies of interdepartmental interaction on issues of rehabilitation or habilitation of disabled people in the region was given. Statistical data processing was carried out using Microsoft Office Excel 2010.
 RESULTS: The analysis showed that, against the backdrop of a high need for medical rehabilitation, in the region there were higher indicators of the need for disabled people in social rehabilitation measures, technical means of rehabilitation, and information on adaptive physical education and sports compared to the Russian average. An assessment of the effectiveness of the implementation of rehabilitation measures shows that in 2022 it was almost possible to achieve the level of indicators of 2019 (“pre-Covid”) for both children and adults. As part of interdepartmental interaction, specialists from the main bureau and executive authorities, branches of the Social Fund of Russia, the Center for Comprehensive Rehabilitation of Disabled People, and public organizations quickly resolve problematic issues, conduct training seminars and conferences, and organize interdisciplinary research.
 CONCLUSION: The study made it possible to identify regional features of the structure of the need of persons with disabilities for rehabilitation or habilitation measures, as well as to analyze organizational approaches and technologies of interdepartmental interaction between the Main Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise and institutions subject to rehabilitation.

Natural Language-Driven Dialogue Systems for Support in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

This paper presents a natural language-driven dialogue system designed to support healthcare professionals and students in the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation. The system seamlessly integrates concepts from intelligent information systems, data mining, ontologies, and human-computer interaction, employing at its core a rule-based dialogue mechanism. The system harnesses the power of ontology-based graph knowledge, underscoring its domain-specific efficacy. This article delves into the automated knowledge base formation, utilising Python scripts to translate EBSCO’s dataset of articles on physical medicine and rehabilitation into an OWL ontology. This methodology ensures adaptability to the ever-evolving landscape of medical insights. The system’s approach to natural language processing encompasses text preprocessing, semantic category discernment, andSPARQL query creation, providing 26 predefined categories. As an innovation in performance optimisation, the system integrates a strategy to cache precomputed responses using a PostgreSQL database, which aids in resource conservation and reduction in query execution latency. The system’s user engagement avenues are further detailed, showcasing a Telegram bot and an API, enhancing accessibility and user experience. In essence, this article illuminates an advanced, efficient dialogue system for physical medicine and rehabilitation, synthesising multiple computational paradigms, and standing as a beacon for healthcare practitioners and students alike.

The Role of Emotional Intelligence in the Rehabilitation of the Former Prisoners of War

The emotional state of military personnel engaged in the extensive operations taking place in Ukraine is undoubtedly impacted. This especially applies to former prisoners of war (POWs) who have experienced mental and physical trauma. Optimizing their subjective well-being and life satisfaction can contribute to the development of emotional intelligence during the rehabilitation process. The purpose of the study is to identify the importance of emotional intelligence in enhancing the subjective well-being of former POWs. Methods. The following psychometric tests were used for diagnosis: EQ-Test, the Scale of subjective well-being, and Satisfaction with life scale (SWLS). During the statistical analysis, descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were utilized. Results. The study found that the subjects have low emotional intelligence (M=39.31, SD=12.85), low subjective well-being (M=50.19, SD=11.06), and an average level of life satisfaction (M= 17.05, SD=8.96). Correlation analysis established a direct relationship between emotional intelligence and subjective well-being (r=0.483, p≤0.01) and life satisfaction (r=0.723, p≤0.01). Conclusions. The study statistically confirmed that emotional intelligence is an essential factor in the process of rehabilitation of former prisoners of war, as it contributes to their attainment of subjective well-being and life satisfaction. This aids in reinstating the individual's psychological balance after captivity, enhances the medical and physical recuperation process of the body, and ensures full reintegration. Prospects. The obtained results contribute to the rehabilitation system of rehabilitation for former prisoners of war, as they elaborate a comprehensive emotional intelligence approach to ensure their subjective well-being and life satisfaction.

Development of a real-time RGB-D visual feedback-assisted pulmonary rehabilitation system

BackgroundFollowing surgery, perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is important for patients with early-stage lung cancer. However, current inpatient programs are often limited in time and space, and outpatient settings have access barriers. Therefore, we aimed to develop a background-free, zero-contact thoracoabdominal movement-tracking model that is easily set up and incorporated into a pre-existing PR program or extended to home-based rehabilitation and remote monitoring. We validated its effectiveness in providing preclinical real-time RGB-D (colour-depth camera) visual feedback. MethodsTwelve healthy volunteers performed deep breathing exercises following audio instruction for three cycles, followed by audio instruction and real-time visual feedback for another three cycles. In the visual feedback system, we used a RealSense™ D415 camera to capture RGB and depth images for human pose-estimation with Google MediaPipe. Target-tracking regions were defined based on the relative position of detected joints. The processed depth information of the tracking regions was visualised on a screen as a motion bar to provide real-time visual feedback of breathing intensity. Pulmonary function was simultaneously recorded using spirometric measurements, and changes in pulmonary volume were derived from respiratory airflow signals. ResultsOur movement-tracking model showed a very strong correlation (r = 0.90 ± 0.05) between thoracic motion signals and spirometric volume, and a strong correlation (r = 0.73 ± 0.22) between abdominal signals and spirometric volume. Displacement of the chest wall was enhanced by RGB-D visual feedback (23 vs 20 mm, P = 0.034), and accompanied by an increased lung volume (2.58 vs 2.30 L, P = 0.003). ConclusionWe developed an easily implemented thoracoabdominal movement-tracking model and reported the positive impact of real-time RGB-D visual feedback on self-promoted external chest wall expansion, accompanied by increased internal lung volumes. This system can be extended to home-based PR.

Evaluation of finger strength and spasticity in hemiplegic patients using hand-finger robotic device: A validity and reliability study.

We aimed to investigate the validity, reliability, and clinical relevance of Amadeo hand-finger robotic rehabilitation system measurements for evaluating spasticity and strength in hemiplegic patients. In total, 161 participants (107 hemiplegic patients and 54 sex- and age-matched healthy controls) were included in this study. Spasticity was evaluated using the Modified Ashworth Scale, hand motor functions were evaluated using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Hand Subscale, and hand grip and pinch strength were evaluated using the Jamar hand grip and pinch dynamometer. The Amadeo (Tyromotion) hand-finger robotic rehabilitation system was used to evaluate finger spasticity and strength of the participants. A statistically significant difference was found between the median values of the Modified Ashworth Scale (both clinical and robotic evaluation results) and the mean values of hand flexor and extensor strength measured with the robotic device in patients compared to healthy subjects (P < .01). Statistically, excellent agreement was obtained between the clinical and robotic test-retest results of the scale (P < .01) (intra-class correlation coefficient, ICC = .98-.99; ICC = .98-.99, respectively). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the clinical and robotic device results of the Modified Ashworth Scale (r = .72; P < .01). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the hand strength values measured with the robotic device, Jamar grip, pinch, and Fugl-Meyer Assessment Hand Subscale scores (P < .01) in the patient group. Hand finger spasticity and strength measurements of the Amadeo hand-finger robotic rehabilitation system were valid, reliable, and clinically correlated in stroke patients.