To solve the problems of the existing agricultural products traceability system data storage security is not high, centralization is serious, data is easy to be tampered with and data trust, as well as to protect the quality and safety of agricultural products, safeguard the rights and interests of consumers and strengthen the supervision of agricultural products industry. In this paper, we propose a research on the safety traceability system of agricultural products based on blockchain on the traceability business process of the existing agricultural products traceability system. The decentralization of blockchain can ensure the immutability, transparency and accuracy of data traceability, solve the problems in traditional agricultural products traceability, improve the safety of agricultural products, and provide strong data support for the supervision of agricultural products industry. The advantages and challenges of implementing blockchain-based agricultural products traceability system are also elaborated, and the important links when applying blockchain technology to agricultural products traceability system are analyzed to provide reference for the research and establishment of blockchain agricultural products traceability system.