연료전지 자동차의 전과정평가

Abstract

The development of green mobility and clean energy are the key point for carbon neutrality. Currently, as an alternative of fossil fuel, hydrogen is being produced from various technologies and fuel cell vehicle production is on the rise according to the policies such as hydrogen economy. The LCA is a technique for evaluating the environmental aspects and potential impacts on the life cycle of the product system. The life cycle of the fuel cell vehicle included the following stages: raw material acquisition, pre-manufacturing, manufacturing, WTW(Well-to-Wheel), maintenance, and EoL(End-of-Life). In the WTW stage, the environmental impacts of natural gas steam reforming hydrogen, COG(Coke Oven Gas) steam reforming hydrogen, petroleum refinery hydrogen, PEM(Proton Exchange Membrane) water electrolysis hydrogen, and SOEC(Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell) water electrolysis hydrogen were compared. As a result, the GWP values were identified in order of petroleum refinery hydrogen(3.67E+02 g CO2 eq./km), COG(Coke Oven Gas) steam reforming hydrogen(2.39E+02 g CO2 eq./km), natural gas steam reforming hydrogen(1.75E+02 g CO2 eq./km), SOEC(Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell) water electrolysis hydrogen(8.34E+01 g CO2 eq./km), and PEM(Proton Exchange Membrane) water electrolysis hydrogen(8.31E+01 g CO2 eq./km). To improve the environmental performance of the vehicle with natural gas steam reforming hydrogen, the recycling scenario of CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic) was considered, and the recycling can reduce up to 1.6% of GWP impact.