Diameter Measurement System Research Articles

Offset compensation cable external diameter measurement system

In the process of industrial production cables and pipes, the precise measurement of the produced product line diameter parameters is very important. In the present paper, we propose an offset compensation diameter measurement system based on analytical geometry and spatial coordinate transformation. The right-angle coordinate system is established in the corresponding planes of the two sets of charge coupling devices and the corresponding laser light source, and the center coordinates of the measured cable are obtained by the analytical geometric method, and the spatial coordinate transformation is used to connect the two coordinate systems to build the offset compensation measurement system. In the actual test (taking θ=45° as an example), considering the overall measurement results of the cylinder standard bar, the overall absolute error is between ± 4 μm without offset, and the relative error is 0~0.05%; and the relative average error (deviation angle is more than 0° and less than 35°) can be maintained at less than 0.7%. The above results demonstrate the feasibility of accurate measurement of this offset-compensated measurement system.

Antilogic, a new supervised machine learning software for the automatic interpretation of antibiotic susceptibility testing in clinical microbiology: proof-of-concept on three frequently isolated bacterial species

ObjectiveAntibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) is necessary in order to adjust empirical antibiotic treatment, but the interpretation of results requires experience and knowledge. We have developed a machine learning software that is capable of reading AST images without any human intervention and that automatically interprets the AST, based on a database of antibiograms that have been clinically validated with European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing rules. MethodsWe built a database of antibiograms that were labelled by senior microbiologists for three species: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. We then developed Antilogic, a Python software based on an original image segmentation module and supervised learning models that we trained against the database. Finally, we blind tested Antilogic against a validation set of 5100 photos of antibiograms. ResultsWe trained Antilogic against a database of 18072 pictures of antibiograms. Overall agreement against the validation set reached 97% (16 855/17 281) regarding phenotypes. The severity rate of errors was also evaluated: 1.66% (287/17 281) were major errors and 0.80% (136/17 281) were very major errors. After implementation of uncertainty quantifications, the rate of errors decreased to 0.80% (114/13 451) and 0.42% (51/13 451) for major and very major errors respectively. DiscussionAntilogic is the first machine learning software that has been developed for AST interpretation. It is based on a novel approach that differs from the typical diameter measurement and expert system approach. Antilogic is a proof of concept that artificial intelligence can contribute to faster and easier diagnostic methods in the field of clinical microbiology.

マルチロータヘリを用いた森林内樹木の計測

Japan is a forestry country where forests account for about 70% of the land, and introduction of robots is expected in the field of forestry. However, there is already a method of measuring height using aircraft and laser scanner, but the diameter of breast height is investigated by human hands despite the lack of personnel. Therefore, in this research, we propose a trees diameter measurement system using multi rotor helicopter. We aim to stably fly through the forest and measure the breast height diameter of trees in the forest. We propose a tree detection algorithm using LRF data.

Ultrasound-Based Automated Carotid Lumen Diameter/Stenosis Measurement and its Validation System

Objective Degree of carotid stenosis is an important predictor to assess risk of stroke. Systolic velocity-based methods for lumen diameter and stenosis measurement are subjective. Image-based methods face a challenge because of low gradients in media and intima walls. Methods This article presents AtheroEdge™ 2.0, a two-stage process for automated carotid lumen diameter measurement that combats the above challenges. Stage one uses spectral analysis based on the hypothesis that far-wall adventitia is brightest. Stage two uses lumen pixel region identification based on the assumption that blood flow has constant density. Using global and local processing, lumen boundaries are detected. This clinical system outputs lumen diameter along with stenosis severity index (SSI). Results Our database consists of institutional review board–approved 202 patients (males/females: 155/47) left and right common carotid artery images (404 images, Toshiba scanner). Two trained neuro radiologists performed manual lumen border tracings using ImgTracer™ software. The coefficient of correlation between automated and two manual readings was 0.91 and 0.92. Dice similarity and Jaccard index were 95.82%, 95.72% and 92.10%, 91.92%, respectively. The mean diameter error between automated and two manual readings was 0.27 ± 0.26 and 0.26 ± 0.28 mm, respectively. Precision of merit was 98.05% and 99.03% with respect to two readings. SSI showed 97% accuracy. Conclusions The image-based automated carotid lumen diameter and stenosis measurement system is fast, accurate, and reliable.

植物生育記録のための非接触茎径計測システムの開発

植物生育記録のための非接触茎径計測システムの開発

Filament diameter measurement system based on dual diffraction

This Letter proposes a brand-new filament diameter measurement method based on what is called “dual diffraction,” in that a grating is added behind the filament to make full use of its subdivision and amplification characteristics. Higher measurement accuracy is achieved by this method compared with the traditional diffraction method. To verify its accuracy, three standard filaments with nominal values of 100.2, 120.1, and 140.8 μm are measured by the dual diffraction method and traditional diffraction method under the same experimental conditions. The relative measurement errors of the new method are less than 0.75%, and its average relative error is reduced by 56% compared with the traditional diffraction method.

Research of Diameter Measurement Based on CCD Image Sensor

Use the photoelectric device-linear CCD as a measurement tool, and use the SCM for the data acquisition and data processing, a diameter measurement system which is a low costing, high-precision, non direct contact, can be created. The system can provide diameter real-time monitor to pipe production process.

Automated Nanofiber Diameter Measurement in SEM Images Using a Robust Image Analysis Method

Due to the high surface area, porosity, and rigidity, applications of nanofibers and nanosurfaces have developed in recent years. Nanofibers and nanosurfaces are typically produced by electrospinning method. In the production process, determination of average fiber diameter is crucial for quality assessment. Average fiber diameter is determined by manually measuring the diameters of randomly selected fibers on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. However, as the number of the images increases, manual fiber diameter determination becomes a tedious and time consuming task as well as being sensitive to human errors. Therefore, an automated fiber diameter measurement system is desired. In the literature, this task is achieved by using image analysis algorithms. Typically, these methods first isolate each fiber in the image and measure the diameter of each isolated fiber. Fiber isolation is an error‐prone process. In this study, automated calculation of nanofiber diameter is achieved without fiber isolation using image processing and analysis algorithms. Performance of the proposed method was tested on real data. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown by comparing automatically and manually measured nanofiber diameter values.

Quantitative and qualitative bowel analysis using mannitol, water and iodine-based endoluminal contrast agent on 64-row detector CT

Objective:To assess the performance of mannitol as a luminal contrast as compared to water and positive contrast in evaluation of bowel on multidetector computed tomography (MDCT).Materials and Methods:Three hundred patients were randomly selected for this study and were divided equally into three groups. Each subject received 1500 ml of oral contrast. Group 1 received 3% mannitol in water, group 2 received diluted iodinated positive contrast, and group 3 received plain water without additives. Qualitative and quantitative analysis for distension, fold visibility, and overall image quality were analyzed by actual diameter measurement and point scale system at different bowel levels. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's HSD Post-hoc test and Pearson's Chi-square (exact test) test were applied.Results:Group 1 showed better results for small bowel distension, intraluminal homogeneity, and visibility of mucosal folds on quantitative and qualitative analysis with statistically significant P value (P<0.001). The ileo-caecal junction distension and mural feature visibility was better with mannitol (P < 0.001). No significant difference in distension of stomach and duodenum was found between the three groups.Conclusion:Mannitol as endoluminal contrast increases the diagnostic accuracy of the investigative studies in comparison to water and iodine-based contrast by producing significantly better bowel distension and visibility of mural features with improved image quality without additional adverse effects.

Diameter measuring technique based on capacitive probe for deep hole or oblique hole monitoring

A deep hole or oblique hole diameter measuring system was introduced, a cylindrical capacitive probe with effective measurement electrode was adopted to measure the diameter by measuring the clearance between the probe electrode and the measured hole, and it has no measurement force by measuring in non-contact mode. And then, we obtain the precision diameter measurement system for straight holes. By using the measurement system in oblique hole, we can see that with the increase in the hole depth, the measurement results are basically approaching stable value.

High Precision Machine Vision System for Outer Diameter Inspection Bearing

A machine vision system for bearing outer diameter inspection has been developed in this paper. The infinite objective of optical system is applied to diameter measurement system. The paper provides a method for measuring the size of objects based on polynomial interpolation. The technology of CCD image stagger is applied in the paper. The method can avoid space between pixels astriction theoretically, so higher measurement accuracy is gained. The experiment results show that the system has many advantages such as non- touch , high speed and higher precision.

Finite Element Dynamic Analysis of the Shafting of Transmission-Laser-Scanning-Emitter

The transmission laser-scanning diameter-measurement system uses the parallel laser-scanning principle to achieve high-precision measurements of radial dimensions of shaft parts. The transmission laser-scanning emitter is a mechanical scanning device of which scanning accuracy has a significant impact on stability of the measurement system. The dynamic model of the emitter's shaft rotor is established. Dynamic performances according to variant parameters are derived by finite element analysis simulation. Characteristics of high-speed-rotors with different structures, such as vibration mode and natural frequency, are summarized to provide theoretical basis for shafting design.

High Precision Online Measurement Technology to Large Diameter

Because of the large diameter’s big volume, heavy weight, high thermal capacity and bad measurement environment, the workpiece’s diameter can only be detected in the processing locale. Though the rolling-wheel method can realize the large diameter online measurement, it can not achieve the diameter high precision measurement influenced by rolling-wheel skidding, compression deformation and temperature distribution. Focusing on the above problem, a new multi function rolling-wheel large diameter measurement system is designed. The designed system mainly researches the main error resource’s distinguish and amendment methods, such as the round grating graduator error, rolling-wheel shape error, rolling-wheel compression deformation, skidding of rolling-wheel to measured axis workpiece and its non-uniform temperature etc. The system can obtain the measured axis’s diameter and roundness real time while getting the needed information of error amendment by integrating multi opto-electronic switch, round grating, reference grating, micro-displacement sensor, temperature sensor etc. The system can realize diameter measurement extended uncertainty 5Dμm(D:1m～10m) and roundness measurement extended uncertainty 1.5Dμm.

Development of a novel system for accurate and continuous measurement of fruit diameter in agriculture and its applications to grapes

The measurement of rapid and microsize changes in fruit diameter can be used to understand how plants respond to diurnal variation in water content and long-term growth conditions. The most current techniques involve physical measurements. The contact of the physical sensor places a stress on fruit and affects normal fruit growth. To solve this problem, we present a noncontact optical method for measuring fruit diameter in crop fields accurately. A rough-to-fine strategy is considered, where a binary image is first obtained and used to find candidate fruit body edge points; then a Zernike moment operator is used to determine edges of the fruit body with subpixel accuracy. Finally, the fruit diameter is computed from the edge pixels of the fruit body. Measuring experiments performed during the bloom stage of grapes show high sensitivity of the proposed method. This allows for clear detection of diurnal patterns of grape diameter changes and precise monitoring of very slight variations in fruit growth rates. Experiments show that the developed system is robust, accurate, and effective. The proposed technique has proven to be an effective tool to better detect physiological disorders in plants.

Study of the metrological characteristics of a system for contactless measurement of the internal diameter of rubber technology articles

Results are presented for a study of the metrological characteristics of a model device for measuring the internal diameter of rubber technology articles (rings, gaskets, sealing rings, etc.). Special attention is devoted to studying systematic errors and methods for reducing them.

2P1-D31 枝打ちロボットのための切断機構の動作計画アルゴリズム

We aim to develop pruning robot with branches identification system to prune using a small cutter actively. Especially, in this paper, a pruning mechanism and its motion planning algorithm are proposed. An endmill is mounted as a cutter on the pruning mechanism to downsize and lighten the mechanism. A motion of the pruning mechanism is planned with a branches map built based on information from a distance measurement system and a diameter measurement system. Availability of the pruning mechanism and the motion planning algorithm for a pruning robot are shown through experiments in real and simulation environments.

A Fuzzy Logic Controller Design and Simulation for a Sawmill Bucking System

This paper presents an alternative efficient solution to the sawmill bucking problem using a fuzzy logic controller/optimizer. Bucking is one of the first production stations where stems coming from the forests are analyzed and processed in a sawmill. A length and diameter measurement system provides an operator with stem information so he/she can make a decision on what blocks should be cut. Traditional bucking solutions are based on the operator's experience, the data provided by the length and diameter measurement system and the visual inspection on the shape (sweep and taper) of the stem. The decisions of the operator are not exact but good enough or appropriate. The operator's decisions have a common goal: to recover the most wood out of every tree stem. Fuzzy logic controller decisions, if appropriate, try to simulate the best common sense decisions that a human will make after evaluating a set of data. Fuzzy logic control systems, as is already known, are designed with the intention of replacing an expert human operator with an automated ruled-based system.

Traceable Correction Method for Complex Reflection Coefficient Using Calculable Air Line Impedance Standards

A correction method for the measurement of complex reflection coefficients using vector network analyzers is presented. The method is based on the invariance property of the cross ratio of the bilinear transformation and is traceable to calculable air line impedance standards. The application of an accurate diameter measurement system (laser micrometer and air gauge system) allows the treatment of air lines as inhomogeneous transmission lines consisting of a cascade connection of a number of equally spaced line sections. Each line section is assumed to be homogeneous and characterized by the characteristic impedance and the propagation constant, which are traceable to the measured diameter values. The presented procedure is an extension and improvement of prior work using the same principle of correction, whereas the air lines were specified by nominal diameter and length values. The aim of this work is to enhance the accuracy of the correction or to reduce the requirements of the manufacturing tolerances of air lines. The derived theory is accompanied by a brief uncertainty consideration and by measurement results obtained by PC-7 air lines at frequencies up to 18 GHz and by numerical simulation results for a hypothetical air line.

Peripheral vasoactivity in familial hypercholesterolemic subjects treated with heparin-induced extracorporeal LDL precipitation (HELP)

Hypercholesterolemia is associated with abnormalities in arterial vasoactivity which can be reversed with cholesterol-reducing therapies. Heparin-induced extracorporeal LDL precipitation (HELP), an invasive method for treating refractory hypercholesterolemia, causes regression of both xanthomas and atherosclerosis, but its effect on vasoactivity has not been investigated. We tested the effects of HELP on vasoactivity with an ultrasound system for continuous measurement of arterial flow velocity and end-diastolic diameter. We measured brachial artery vasoactivity before, during, and after a 5 min forearm vascular occlusion. Vasoactivity measurements were acquired from 6 subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) who had been treated chronically with HELP, immediately before and after each of 4 treatments, and from 12 age- and sex-matched normocholesterolemic subjects (2 matched with each HELP subject). Peak arterial dilation after cuff release, relative to the pre-occlusion diameter, was similar for the pre-treatment, post-treatment, and normocholesterolemic groups (0.29 mm pre-treatment, 0.30 mm post-treatment and 0.33 mm normocholesterolemic, P=NS). The slope of arterial diameter during occlusion was also similar for the three groups (−0.10 μm/s pre-treatment, 0.02 μm/s post-treatment, and 0.06 μm/s normocholesterolemic, P=NS). These two parameters are known to be decreased in hypercholesterolemic subjects to an extent which could be readily detected by the power of this study. Interestingly, one homozygous FH subject consistently demonstrated significant improvement in these two parameters immediately after HELP, suggesting an individual difference in arterial physiology. On average, FH patients treated chronically with HELP have similar vasoactivity to age- and sex-matched subjects with low risk for atherosclerosis. This result, in light of the many studies that have associated hypercholesterolemia with abnormal vasoactivity, suggests that chronic HELP therapy improves vasoactivity in patients with severe hypercholesterolemia.

P 345 A new system for automatic on-line measurement of retinal vessel diameter

P 345 A new system for automatic on-line measurement of retinal vessel diameter