Failure Detection System Research Articles

Folding method for bandwidth and directivity enhancement of meandered loop ultra‐high frequency antenna for heart failure detection system

A wideband antenna with unidirectional radiation is designed for lower ultra-high frequency (UHF) band, which is utilised in medical diagnostic systems, in addition to telecommunications, such as UHF television channels, WiMax, cognitive radio, radio frequency identification, mobile digital TV and CDMA/GSM800. In medical imaging, there are additional antenna design requirements, such as compact size, wide operating bandwidth and unidirectional radiation. A combination of dual monopole feeding, meandering and folding techniques is used to realise the required frequency band and directivity for the antenna, while reducing its size. The final design has the compact size of 0.23λ × 0.08λ × 0.08λ (λ is the wavelength of the lowest measured operating frequency of the antenna), a wide measured operating bandwidth of 50% (590–985 MHz), a peak gain of 3.6 dBi and a measured efficiency of more than 89% over the band of operation. The designed antenna is then used with a compact microwave transceiver, and proper data acquisition and processing algorithms to build a system for the early detection of congestive heart failure. The system is tested using a realistic artificial human torso.

Multifunctional Controller Architecture for Solid-State Marx Modulator Based on FPGA

This paper proposes a multifunctional architecture to implement field-programmable gate array (FPGA) controllers for power converters and presents a prototype for a pulsed power generator based on a solid-state Marx topology. The massively parallel nature of reconfigurable hardware platforms provides very high processing power and fast response times allowing the implementation of many subsystems in the same device. The prototype includes the controller, a failure detection system, an interface with a safety/emergency subsystem, a graphical user interface, and a virtual oscilloscope to visualize the generated pulse waveforms, using a single FPGA. The proposed architecture employs a modular design that can be easily adapted to other power converter topologies.

Wideband Unidirectional Antenna of Folded Structure in Microwave System for Early Detection of Congestive Heart Failure

A three-dimensional antenna based on a combination of loop and dual monopole structures with parasitic elements is presented. The antenna is specifically designed for a microwave system aimed at the early detection of congestive heart failure. The antenna is first designed as a planar structure and then folded over optimally defined folding lines to properly alter the path and phase of the surface currents for a unidirectional radiation and compact size as needed for the detection system. A prototype antenna of size 0.29λ × 0.08λ × 0.08λ (where, λ is the wavelength of the lowest resonant frequency) is developed to cover the band required in the targeted application. The measured results indicate 53% fractional bandwidth (580 - 1000 MHz), 6-8 dB front to back ratio, and 3-5 dBi gain. The antenna is then used to build a heart failure detection system, which also includes a compact microwave transceiver, a processing and image reconstruction algorithm based on the synthetic aperture focusing technique, and a display unit. The system is used to successfully detect an early case of congestive heart failure in an artificial torso phantom that includes the main torso organs (lungs, heart, ribs, and fat).

An adaptive failure detector based on quality of service in peer-to-peer networks.

The failure detector is one of the fundamental components that maintain high availability of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks. Under different network conditions, the adaptive failure detector based on quality of service (QoS) can achieve the detection time and accuracy required by upper applications with lower detection overhead. In P2P systems, complexity of network and high churn lead to high message loss rate. To reduce the impact on detection accuracy, baseline detection strategy based on retransmission mechanism has been employed widely in many P2P applications; however, Chen's classic adaptive model cannot describe this kind of detection strategy. In order to provide an efficient service of failure detection in P2P systems, this paper establishes a novel QoS evaluation model for the baseline detection strategy. The relationship between the detection period and the QoS is discussed and on this basis, an adaptive failure detector (B-AFD) is proposed, which can meet the quantitative QoS metrics under changing network environment. Meanwhile, it is observed from the experimental analysis that B-AFD achieves better detection accuracy and time with lower detection overhead compared to the traditional baseline strategy and the adaptive detectors based on Chen's model. Moreover, B-AFD has better adaptability to P2P network.

Fast Automatic Failure Detection System Preliminary for LED Lamps Based on Machine Vision Technology

Using machine vision technology to realize the real-time automatic collection of test parameters including light and color of LED lamps during the experiments. The failure mechanisms were researched and the reference failure mechanisms were given according to the parameters change situation of the failure lamps, in order to implement rapid and automatic detection of test conditions of LED lamps, which can accelerate the research processes of LED lamps and related products, and promote the industrialization process of LED. The fast automatic failure detection system for LED lamps based on machine vision technology proposed in this paper had great significance for LED lamps research organizations such as testing organizations, research institutes, as well as manufacturers, and it was worthy of learning for them.

Fuzzy AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS integrated hybrid method for auxiliary systems of ship main engines

Although significant technical precautions have been taken in marine diesel engine and auxiliary systems, unexpected failures can be observed during operation. These failures can sometimes lead to irreversible losses. The purpose of the study is to present fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) methods that can be applied for failure detection in auxiliary systems and marine diesel engine determined by group of experts. By evaluating the decision-making groups, the system most affected by failures was determined.

Three-Dimensional Open-Ended Slot Antenna for Heart Failure Detection System Employing Differential Technique

The design of a folded open-ended slot antenna for an early-stage congestive heart failure (CHF) detection system operating at ultra-high frequency (UHF) is presented. The antenna is formed using a three-dimensional open-ended slot with a compact size of 0.24 λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> × 0.09λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> × 0.04 λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> (λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> is the lowest operating frequency of the antenna), and a slotted microstrip feeder used to achieve wide operating bandwidth of 58% (550-1000 MHz). A CHF detection system is then built using the proposed antenna, a compact microwave sensor, and a differential detection technique. The main objective of such a system is to map the torso area searching for any fluid accumulation in the lungs as the main symptom of CHF. To that end, a pair of the proposed antenna is attached to an adjustable platform to vertically scan the torso. A differential detection technique is applied on the backscattered signals to map the scattering profile of the torso and detect any changes in the electrical properties of the lungs caused by fluid accumulation. A detection threshold is applied to differentiate between healthy and unhealthy cases. The obtained images have a pixel resolution of 0.1 cm in depth and 1 cm in height. The experimental results on an artificial torso indicate that the system can detect fluid differences as small as 4 mL, with a measurement error of less than 3%.

Automatic System for Failure Detection in Hydro-Power Generators

This paper presents an automatic system for failure detection in hydro-power generators. The main idea of this system is to detect failure using current and voltage signals acquired without any type of internal interference in the generator operation. The detected failures could be mechanical or electrical origins, such as: problems in bearings, unwanted vibrations, partial discharges, misalignment, unbalancing, among others. It is possible because the generator acts as a transducer for mechanical problems, and they appear in current and voltage signals. This automatic system based on electric signature analysis has been installed in Itapebi Power Plant generators since 2012. Some results are presented in this paper.

Wideband and Unidirectional Folded Antenna for Heart Failure Detection System

A wideband folded antenna, which is specifically designed for an early heart failure detection system operating at the ultra-high frequency (UHF) band, is presented. The design procedure starts with a planar structure that includes a loop antenna, a dual monopole, and a loaded parasitic patch. To significantly reduce the size of the antenna and achieve directional radiation as needed for the intended application, the planar structure is folded to form a three-dimensional antenna with the dimensions $0.1\lambda\times 0.29\lambda\times 0.09\lambda$ , where $\lambda$ is the wavelength at the lowest operating frequency. The final tested antenna achieves a peak gain of 4.2 dBi, front-to-back ratio of 7–13 dB and efficiency of more than 87% over 62% fractional bandwidth (560–1060 MHz) at 10-dB return-loss reference. The antenna in addition to a compact microwave transceiver and an adjustable platform are then used to build a monostatic-radar-based heart failure detection system. The system is tested on an artificial torso phantom to verify the potential of such a system in the early detection of heart failure. The used imaging algorithm and obtained promising results are reported in the letter.

Simulation of Fault Detection in the Wireless Networked Control System

Wireless network control system is characterized by high uncertain delay time, thus the state of the system can not be fully observed. The fault characteristic is interfered by time delay so to be unstable, leading inaccurate fault detection. Traditional fault detection method of wireless network control system is usually based on the characteristics of the stability of the network status data. If the network has time delay fluctuations, it is unable to obtain accurate fault detection results. This paper presents a stochastic delay fault detection method. It builds a state space model of the system, analyzes the delay vector between the sensor end of the system and the controller end, depending on the delay residual signal of the system and the corresponding evaluation function to obtain the system failure detection result. The final simulation result shows that this method has high accuracy in the detection of Stability and randomness of the wireless network fault detection. Thus it is an effective wireless network control system fault detection method.

FPGA를 이용한 SMART TV용 내장형 카메라 불량 검출 장비 개발

Recently, as the market for SMART TV expands, the camera is embedded for providing various user experience. However, this leads to occurrence of camera failure due to TV power up sequence problem, which are usually not detectable in conventional test equipments. Although the failure-detection can be possible by re-generating control signals for audio interface with new equipment, it is expensive and also requires much time to test. In this paper, for SMART TV, FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)-based failure-detection system is proposed which can lead to reduction of both cost and time for test.

Generating profile-based signatures for online intrusion and failure detection

ContextProgram execution profiles have been extensively and successfully used in several dynamic analysis fields such as software testing and fault localization. ObjectiveThis paper presents a pattern-matching approach implemented as an application-based intrusion (and failure) detection system that operates on signatures generated from execution profiles. Such signatures are not descriptions of exploits, i.e. they do not depend on the syntax or semantics of the exploits, but instead are descriptions of program events that correlate with the exploitation of program vulnerabilities. MethodA vulnerability exploit is generally correlated with the execution of a combination of program elements, such as statements, branches, and definition–use pairs. In this work we first analyze the execution profiles of a vulnerable application in order to identify such suspicious combinations, define signatures that describe them, and consequently deploy these signatures within an intrusion detection system that performs online signature matching. ResultsTo evaluate our approach, which is also applicable to online failure detection, we implemented it for the Java platform and applied it onto seven open-source applications containing 30 vulnerabilities/defects for the purpose of the online detection of attacks/ failures. Our results showed that our approach worked very well for 26 vulnerabilities/defects (86.67%) and the overhead imposed by the system is somewhat acceptable as it varied from 46% to 102%. The exhibited average rates of false negatives and false positives were 0.43% and 1.03%, respectively. ConclusionUsing profile-based signatures for online intrusion and failure detection was shown to be effective.

Testing and Validation of a Psychophysically Defined Metric of Display Clutter

Combinations of cockpit display features may lead to increased pilot perceptions of clutter. This research sought to capture pilot perceptions of display clutter associated with primary flight display features during a vertical takeoff and landing scenario and to validate a multidimensional measure of clutter previously developed for a fixed-wing environment. Sixteen active fixed-wing pilots were recruited for the study that used a simulator configured as a vertical takeoff and landing aircraft. A factor analysis was used to reduce the number of subdimensions of the clutter measure based on previous ratings data. The simplified measure revealed an increase in the number of active display features to cause an increase in perceived clutter. Displays including synthetic vision system features were perceived as significantly more cluttered than those without. Although a tunnel (highway in the sky) feature also contributed to clutter, pilots achieved higher navigation system failure detection rates when the feature was active. Significant positive correlations were found between perceived clutter and visual display properties but not between perceived clutter and performance. Although pilots rated some displays as being highly cluttered, the increased information aided navigation failure detection. Overall, the clutter measure was found to have validity and sensitivity for application across diverse flight domains.

A Novel Noninvasive Failure-Detection System for High-Power Converters Based on SCRs

In modern high-power industrial processes, multipulse cycloconverters are fundamental to feed synchronous motors. Given the importance of these critical processes, particularly for mining industry, the reliability of the high-power drive is critical. Having a noninvasive system capable of detecting and isolating faults in the thyristors is quite valuable, and it will reduce the economic losses caused by the long repair times of the converter. Currently, it is difficult and, in some cases, almost impossible to determine which of the SCRs experience an overcurrent or those which do not trigger properly, causing a malfunction. In this paper, we present a new method of online detection which is capable of delivering information about the SCR involved in a failure and the nature of it. This new method takes only a few input and output measurements (noninvasive feature) already available in the most of industrial cycloconverters and performs a timing analysis of these measurements. The algorithms of the method estimate and analyze the switching states of all thyristors, providing an impressive way of detecting the cause and consequences of the failure in the cycloconverter.

Self-Representation for Self-Configuration and Monitoring in Agent-Based Flexible Automation Systems

Automation systems become more and more complex, and their traditional hierarchical and centralized control may not be able to deal with this ever-increasing complexity satisfactorily. Decentralized approaches are considered promising, but they are not yet sufficiently understood for widespread industrial application. In particular, agent-based control has not yet achieved its potential, so that more research is still required. Our approach is based on the concept of an automation agent composed of a hardware (HW) component and a software (SW) component, where the HW component can be viewed as an embodiment of this SW component. These agents represent the parts of a flexible automation system. In particular, we propose that each such agent has an explicit symbolic representation of itself and of its relations to its environment. More precisely, this new agent architecture contains a reflective world model that includes a representation of this same agent and of its relations to its environment. In addition, the world model contains representations of situations and activities. We show that and how such a self-representation can be used for self-configuration, as well as monitoring, including failure detection in automation systems. The agent performs this self-configuration without any human intervention and just based on a brief specification of the HW configuration. The monitoring is based on automatically raised expectations for the system's behavior and allows failure detection without any specific failure detection code.

Penstock failure detection system at the "Valsan" hydro power plant

"Valsan" is a small Hydro Power Plant, 5 MW, situated at about 160 km north of Bucharest, Romania, on the small "Valsan" river in a remote mountainous area. It is equipped with a single Francis turbine. The penstock is located in the access shaft of the HPP. "Hidroelectrica", the Romanian company that operates the HPP, was trying to implement a remote penstock failure detection system. Starting from a classic hydraulic problem, the authors of the paper derived a method for failure detection and localization on the pipe. The method assumes the existence of 2 flow meters and 2 pressure transducers at the inlet and outlet of the pressurized pipe. Calculations have to be based on experimental values measured in a permanent regime for different values of the flow rate. The method was at first tested on a pipe, in the Hydraulic Laboratory of the Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest. Pipe failure was modelled by opening of a valve on a tee branch of the analyzed pipe. Experimental results were found to be in good agreement with theoretical ones. The penstock of the "Valsan" HPP, was modelled in EPANET, in order to: i) test the method at a larger scale; ii) get the right flow and pressure transducers that are needed to implement it. At the request of "Hidroelectrica" a routine that computes the efficiency of the turbine was added to the monitoring software. After the system was implemented, another series of measurements were performed at the site in order to validate it. Failure was modelled by opening an existing valve on a branch of the penstock. Detection of the failure was correct and almost instantaneous, while failure location was accurate within 5% of the total penstock length.

EMMAE failure detection system and failure evaluation over flight performance

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the research into fault detection and isolation (FDI) and evaluation of the reduction of performance after failures occurred in the flight control system (FCS) during its mission operation.Design/methodology/approachThe FDI is accomplished via using the multiple models scheme which is developed based on the Extend Kalman Filter (EKF) algorithm. Towards this objective, the healthy mode of the FCS under different type of failures, including the control surfaces and structural, should be considered. It developed a bank of extended multiple models adaptive estimation (EMMAE) to detect and isolate the above mentioned failures in the FCS. In addition, the performances including the flight envelope, the voyage and endurance in cruising are proposed to reference and evaluate the process of mission, especially for UAV under failure conditions.FindingsThe contribution of this paper is to provide the information not only about the failures, but also considering whether the UAV can accomplish the task for the ground station.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this paper is in the areas of the structural and control surface faults researching, which are occurred in the mission procedures and emphasized the identification of those failures' magnitudes. The FDI scheme includes the performance evaluation, while the evaluation obtained through the extensive numerical simulations and saved in the offline database. As a consequence, it is more accurate and less computationally demanding while evaluating the performance.

DESIGN METHODOLOGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LONG-TERM HIP PROSTHESIS SURVIVAL

More than 80% of failures following Total Hip Arthroplasty (THR) procedures are due to implant loosening, which is strongly related with weak osseointegration. Current instrumented prostheses were designed to store only physiologic data [Damm, 2010; Heinlein, 2009]. The design of failure detection systems for hip implants is been performed [Marschner, 2009; Alpuim., 2008]. The current methodology to optimize such implants collects real-time data from the internal environment of the implant and uses the information for the research of new designs, materials and surgical techniques [Stansfield, 2003; Dayton, 2005]. However, proposals that ensure long-term implant survival have not been reported yet. This paper proposes a new methodology to avoid irreversible aseptic loosening, which may prevent to a certain extent revision surgical procedures. Through remotely controlled and monitored osteoblast mechanical micro-stimulation, real-time supervision of the osteointegration process may be ensured through tools for telemedicine.

무기체계 정비성 향상을 위한 BIT 설계 및 검증 방안

Built-In-Test is a design feature in more and more advanced weapon system. During development test and evaluation(DT&E) it is critical that the BIT system be evaluated. The BIT system is an integral part of the weapon system and subsystem. Built-In-Test assists in conducting on system and subsystem failure detection and isolation to the Line Replaceable Unit(LRU). This capability reduces the need for highly skilled personnel and special test equipment at organizational level, and reduces maintenance down-time of system by shortening Total Corrective Maintenance Time. During DT&E of weapon system the objective of BIT system evaluation is to determine BIT capabilities achieved and to identify deficiencies in the BIT system. As a result corrective actions are implemented while the system is still in development. Through the use of the reiterative BIT evaluation the BIT system design was corrected, improved, or updated, as the BIT system matured.

Telemonitoring with implantable electronic devices in young patients with congenital heart diseases

In paediatric patients with a pacemaker (PM) or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) device, interrogation during in-clinic visits is usually required to obtain information on arrhythmias or system failures. An automated telemonitoring system tracking patient- and system-related parameters provides this information on a daily basis and might assist patient management. This retrospective analysis evaluates telemetric data obtained from 48 devices implanted in 45 patients (median age, 12.4 years; range, 5 weeks to 37.6 years) using an automated system [Home Monitoring (HM)] over the last 5 years. Regular transmissions were received on 72% of all days. The event messages and monitoring data of 34 (71%) devices induced system revisions, electrophysiological studies including ablation, programming changes, medication changes, and alterations in sporting activity. Approximately 47% of event messages and 50% of emergency messages arrived within 4 weeks of implantation or latest outpatient visit; 113 (17%) emergency messages reported acute changes in lead parameters or tachycardia, which required medical intervention. In four ICD patients, delivered shocks were unreported and only detected by HM. An automated telemonitoring system reporting patient- and system-related parameters, generated within the patient's home surrounding, can improve the safety and quality of PM and ICD therapy, especially in children, by allowing early detection of system failure and changes in arrhythmic events.