Collision Detection System Research Articles

Design of Collision Detection System for Smart Car Using Li-Fi and Ultrasonic Sensor

The 21st century is defined as the era of technological development. With drastic increase in population, automation is becoming the need of the hour in order to make life more comfortable and easy. Due to the advancement and development in the field of automation and embedded system, the notion of smart car has become very popular. Smart cars are modernizing trends in the traditional automobile industry. Companies across the globe have been investing a huge amount of resources on the production and design of smart cars. Every technological development needs to overcome certain obstacles, and hence, in this paper, a design of a collision detection system for smart car using light fidelity (Li-Fi) and ultrasonic sensor on the Arduino platform is proposed. This design consists of an ultrasonic sensor, an Arduino processor, and a Li-Fi circuit. The ultrasonic is used for measurement of distance between vehicles, and Arduino processes the data and makes decisions accordingly. Data transmission between vehicles is ensued using a Li-Fi transmitter circuit and a Li-Fi receiver circuit. The transmitter circuit is mounted on the tail lights of the leading car and the receiver circuit is mounted on the front side of the car that follows. Using visible light communication, the transmitter circuit transmits the calculated speed and the information is received by the receiver circuit of the second car. On the basis of the information received, the speed of the second car is changed in order to avoid collision. In this paper, a system that can detect and thus avoid collision between vehicles and prevent accidents is proposed and studied.

Some Aspects of Developing Video Games Using Methods of Computational Geometry

The article deals with the general problems associated with the development of video games, in particular, the creation of a reliable system deformation game environment.The purpose of the article is to study and describe some possible solutions for optimizing the process of building and modifying video game objects that can be deformed in a two‐dimensional space.The main research methods are the methods of computational geometry over the external and internal contours of graphic objects of a video game. The article describes the process of creating a gaming world with a digital image, including the use of computer vision techniques – the removal of image contours. The problem of withdrawal of discrete objects of the image, which allows to represent these objects in the gaming environment, is considered. The contours should describe the object as accurately as possible, while it is necessary to ensure high performance of the collision detection system, for which optimization was performed to reduce the number of contour vertices while maintaining the detail of the object. The algorithm used for tracing contours based on the use of vector algebra is described.The novelty of the study is a modified contour tracing algorithm developed by the authors, which is based on the use of vector algebra and is distinguished by the correctness of finding external and internal contours with arbitrary input parameters.The main conclusions of the survey are the simplification in the creation and operation of the subsystem of the landscape deformation. The proposed modified algorithm for tracing the external contour provides a system for deforming the landscape. The results of using the contour tracing algorithm in the practical development of an interactive computer crossplatform video game are presented.

Manipulator residual estimation and its application in collision detection

PurposeThis paper aims to present a method to improve the sensitive and low probabilities of false alarm of a manipulator in a human–robot interaction environment, which can improve the performance of the system owing to non-linear uncertainty in the model of the robot controller.Design/methodology/approachA novel collision detection method based on adaptive residual estimation is proposed, promoting the detection accuracy of the collision of the manipulator during operation. First, a general momentum residual estimator is designed to incorporate the non-linear factors of the manipulator (e.g. joint friction, speed and acceleration) into the residual-related uncertainty of the model. Second, model parameters are estimated through gradient correction. The residual filter is used to determine the dynamic threshold, resulting in higher detection accuracy. Finally, the performance of the residual estimation scheme is evaluated by comparing the dynamic threshold with residual in real-time experiments where a single Universal Robot 5 robot end–effector collides with the obstacle.FindingsExperimental results demonstrate that the collision detection system can improve sensitivity and lead to low probabilities of false alarm of non-linear uncertainty in the model.Practical implicationsThe method proposed in this article can be applied to industry and human–robot interaction area.Originality/valueAn adaptive collision detection method is proposed in this paper to address non-linear uncertainties of the model in industrial application.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Fuzzy curvilinear path optimization using fuzzy regression analysis for mid vehicle collision detection and avoidance system analyzed on NGSIM I-80 dataset (real-road scenarios)

The majority of the prevailing collision detection and avoidance systems render evasive maneuvers for averting front and rear vehicle collisions. This paper introduces a mid vehicle collision detection and avoidance system with a constraint-free condition that produces mid vehicle maneuvers, particularly when jammed between the front and rear vehicles. Accordingly, three novel path estimation models based on crisp, fuzzy and fuzzy regression logic are blended to formulate a mid (host) vehicle collision detection and avoidance system. At the onset, the crisp model fits an offset-based curvilinear path for the mid vehicle to avoid edge collisions. The realized crisp model is later fuzzified to address more antecedents and accordingly deliver consequents for enhancing path estimation. Finally, the fuzzified model is regressed to obtain a good fitness for real-road conditions. The fused fuzzy regression renders an approximate version of the actual road strategy to obtain collision-free trajectories. This concept is later intrinsically extended to parallel parking in reverse direction. Simulation studies using coefficient of determination $$(R^{2} )$$ and mean square error on the field, real (next generation simulation-NGSIM) dataset reveals the goodness and the path closeness of the proposed system rendered by the novelly blended models tuned at each observation using the optimum h-uncertain factor. Also, relative mean square error analysis with state-of-art CDAS reveals the superiority of MCDAS, thereby making it amicable for real-road scenarios.

Comparative analysis of automotive radar sensor for collision detection and warning system

This paper presents some basic functions of ITS and sensors technology used in ITS for collision avoidance. It presents a comparison of various sensors used in collision detection and avoidance by explaining its description, applications, merits, and demerits. With the help of comparison table, it analyzed that automotive radar sensor used to provide a more comfortable and secure driving environment. It also presents the various type of automotive radar sensor used in ITS and comparative analysis of short, mid and long range radar.

Tracking down the Vehicle Collision Detection and Messaging System using GPS and GSM

Tracking down the Vehicle Collision Detection and Messaging System using GPS and GSM

Virtualization-based evaluation of backhaul performance in vehicular applications

Next-generation networks, based on SDN and NFV, are expected to support a wide array of services, including vehicular safety applications. These services come with strict delay constraints, and our goal in this paper is to ascertain to which extent SDN/NFV-based networks are able to meet them. To this end, we build and emulate a vehicular collision detection system, using the popular Mininet and Docker tools, on a real-world topology with mobility information. Using different core network topologies and open-source SDN controllers, we measure (i) the delay with which vehicle beacons are processed and (ii) the associated overhead and energy consumption. We find that we can indeed meet the latency constraints associated with vehicular safety applications, and that SDN controllers represent a moderate contribution to the overall energy consumption but a significant source of additional delay.

Pedestrian-Vehicle Collision Detection System Using Acceleration and Gyroscope Sensors in Smart Phone

Pedestrian-Vehicle Collision Detection System Using Acceleration and Gyroscope Sensors in Smart Phone

Complex object motion represented by context-dependent correlated activity of visual interneurones.

Accurate and adaptive encoding of complex, dynamic visual information is critical for the survival of many animals. Studies across a range of taxa have investigated behavioral and neuronal responses to objects that represent a threat, such as a looming object approaching along a direct collision course. By investigating neural mechanisms of avoidance behaviors through recording multineuronal activity, it is possible to better understand how complex visual information is represented in circuits that ultimately drive behaviors. We used multichannel electrodes to record from the well‐studied locust nervous system to explore how object motion is reflected in activity of correlated neural activity. We presented locusts (Locusta migratoria) with objects that moved along one of 11 unique trajectories and recorded from descending interneurons within the ventral nerve cord. Spike sorting resulted in 405 discriminated units across 20 locusts and we found that 75% of the units responded to some form of object motion. Dimensionality reduction through principal component (PCA) and dynamic factor (DFA) analyses revealed population vector responses within individuals and common firing trends across the pool of discriminated units, respectively. Population vector composition (PCA) varied with the stimulus and common trends (DFA) showed unique tuning related to changes in the visual size and trajectory of the object through time. These findings demonstrate that this well‐described collision detection system is more complex than previously envisioned and will drive future experiments to explore fundamental principles of how visual information is processed through context‐dependent dynamic ensembles of neurons to initiate and control complex behavior.

Rear-end vision-based collision detection system for motorcyclists

In many countries, the motorcyclist fatality rate is much higher than that of other vehicle drivers. Among many other factors, motorcycle rear-end collisions are also contributing to these biker fatalities. To increase the safety of motorcyclists and minimize their road fatalities, this paper introduces a vision-based rear-end collision detection system. The binary road detection scheme contributes significantly to reduce the negative false detections and helps to achieve reliable results even though shadows and different lane markers are present on the road. The methodology is based on Harris corner detection and Hough transform. To validate this methodology, two types of dataset are used: (1) self-recorded datasets (obtained by placing a camera at the rear end of a motorcycle) and (2) online datasets (recorded by placing a camera at the front of a car). This method achieved 95.1% accuracy for the self-recorded dataset and gives reliable results for the rear-end vehicle detections under different road scenarios. This technique also performs better for the online car datasets. The proposed technique’s high detection accuracy using a monocular vision camera coupled with its low computational complexity makes it a suitable candidate for a motorbike rear-end collision detection system.

EMERGENCY PRECAUTION SUPPLY BASED ON WIRELESS ALERT SYSTEM

The system envisioned is an automatic collision detection and warning system relying on GPS module and a GSM modem. The vehicle to be safeguarded is to be fitted with the system sturdily ensuring good mechanical coupling with the entire chassis. In the case of an accident the system detects it using the fact that the vehicle would be suddenly decelerated in such a condition. An accelerometer continuously monitors the acceleration of the vehicle and will detect decelerations greater than threshold value and send the data to the microcontroller via an ADC. The controller compares this with the threshold set value and immediately sends an SOS message to preset numbers. With this message the controller also transmits the GPS coordinates of the vehicle which it continuously obtains from the GPS module. This system will highly aid the search and rescue of vehicles that have met with an accident.

Proof of Concept of Automated Collision Detection Technology in Rugby Sevens.

Clarke, AC, Anson, JM, and Pyne, DB. Proof of concept of automated collision detection technology in rugby sevens. J Strength Cond Res 31(4): 1116-1120, 2017-Developments in microsensor technology allow for automated detection of collisions in various codes of football, removing the need for time-consuming postprocessing of video footage. However, little research is available on the ability of microsensor technology to be used across various sports or genders. Game video footage was matched with microsensor-detected collisions (GPSports) in one men's (n = 12 players) and one women's (n = 12) rugby sevens match. True-positive, false-positive, and false-negative events between video and microsensor-detected collisions were used to calculate recall (ability to detect a collision) and precision (accurately identify a collision). The precision was similar between the men's and women's rugby sevens game (∼0.72; scale 0.00-1.00); however, the recall in the women's game (0.45) was less than that for the men's game (0.69). This resulted in 45% of collisions for men and 62% of collisions for women being incorrectly labeled. Currently, the automated collision detection system in GPSports microtechnology units has only modest utility in rugby sevens, and it seems that a rugby sevens-specific algorithm is needed. Differences in measures between the men's and women's game may be a result of physical size, and strength, and physicality, as well as technical and tactical factors.

Simplified bionic solutions: a simple bio-inspired vehicle collision detection system

Modern cars are equipped with both active and passive sensor systems that can detect potential collisions. In contrast, locusts avoid collisions solely by responding to certain visual cues that are associated with object looming. In neurophysiological experiments, I investigated the possibility that the ‘collision-detector neurons’ of locusts respond to impending collisions in films recorded with dashboard cameras of fast driving cars. In a complementary modelling approach, I developed a simple algorithm to reproduce the neuronal response that was recorded during object approach.Instead of applying elaborate algorithms that factored in object recognition and optic flow discrimination, I tested the hypothesis that motion detection restricted to a ‘danger zone’, in which frontal collisions on the motorways are most likely, is sufficient to estimate the risk of a collision. Furthermore, I investigated whether local motion vectors, obtained from the differential excitation of simulated direction-selective networks, could be used to predict evasive steering maneuvers and prevent undesired responses to motion artifacts.The results of the study demonstrate that the risk of impending collisions in real traffic scenes is mirrored in the excitation of the collision-detecting neuron (DCMD) of locusts. The modelling approach was able to reproduce this neuronal response even when the vehicle was driving at high speeds and image resolution was low (about 200 × 100 pixels). Furthermore, evasive maneuvers that involved changing the steering direction and steering force could be planned by comparing the differences in the overall excitation levels of the simulated right and left direction-selective networks. Additionally, it was possible to suppress undesired responses of the algorithm to translatory movements, camera shake and ground shadows by evaluating local motion vectors. These estimated collision risk values and evasive steering vectors could be used as input for a driving assistant, converting the first into braking force and the latter into steering responses to avoid collisions. Since many processing steps were computed on the level of pixels and involved elements of direction-selective networks, this algorithm can be implemented in hardware so that parallel computations enhance the processing speed significantly.

An Active Safety System for Low-Speed Bus Braking Assistance

Accidents in which buses or coaches are involved cause thousands of injuries and fatalities every year. To reduce their number and severity, this paper describes an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) based on a haptic throttle pedal and emergency braking. It also proposes a computationally efficient algorithm with a methodology based on three main concepts: a simplified but accurate vehicle model, an efficient collision detection system considering the driver's intention and pedestrians wandering around the vehicle, and a risk evaluation system to generate warnings and emergency braking signals. Finally, the performance of the proposed ADAS is validated using a driving simulation cabin with a very realistic urban scenario and original elements from real buses. The results show a statistically significant improvement in safety, as the number of collisions and high-risk situations are clearly minimized, the reaction time to press the brake pedal is improved, and the time to collision increased in emergency situations. Implementation of the proposed ADAS into city buses would potentially improve safety, reducing the frequency and severity of accidents in pedestrians.

Smart Mobile Phone Groups - Based Design and Implementation of Vehicle Accident Self-rescue System

<p class="p1"><span class="s1">Considering the deficiency that the existing automobile accident self-rescue system requires to assemble the specific sensor, GPS and communication module, the author designed a vehicle collision or crash detection and accident self-rescue system based on the smart mobile phone groups. Taking the acceleration signals of physical moments from the smart mobile phones in the accidents car as the input samples and the assembly of acceleration data as the calculating thresholds, the system can not only improve the accuracy rating of the judgments about the accidents, but can also reduce the unusable distress signals due to the damages to individual vehicle-borne device or mobile phone in severe accidents. When the signals exceed the threshold value, the system can draw support from the functions of video, GPS positioning and 3G networking in the mobile phones automatically to call for help from the rescue center. Meanwhile, a prototype system has been implemented on Android platform. The results of the experiments indicate that the system possesses the advantages of high accuracy of collision or crash recognition, low energy consumption and low cost.</span></p>

NC simulation for adaptive look-ahead interpolator with on-line collision detection

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a numerical control (NC) machining simulation system with adaptive look-ahead interpolator and on-line collision detection function. Adaptive collision detection between tool and machine can be executed synchronously to avoid interference during the machining process. Traditional multi-axis machines are used to process free-form surfaces. However, determining how to check whether or not the machining path is correct remains a challenge. In path planning, determining how to avoid the wrong path resulting in the waste of materials and machine damage has become an important issue in the industry. Currently, most of planning use pre- processing simulation prior to actual machining aims to eliminate the wrong path that may result in collision. In this study, the efficiency of a developed multi-axis collision detection system is based on the computational complexity of possible collision parts. Hence, during simulation, the number of collision detections is variable and depends on th...

Interactive collision detection for engineering plants based on large-scale point-clouds

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we discuss interactive collision detection for large-scale point-clouds. The state-of-the-art laser scanners enable us to capture dense point-clouds from engineering plants. Dense point-clouds are useful for simulating renovation tasks of engineering plants. However, it is difficult to interactively calculate collisions between 3D models and huge point-clouds. We propose an efficient collision detection method for large-scale point-clouds, and discuss an interactive system for collision detection. In our method, collisions are evaluated on two-resolution depth-maps. Our method allows us to precisely and efficiently detect collisions with large-scale point-clouds. The experimental results showed that our system could interactively detect collisions in large-scale point-clouds.

INNER AABB FOR DISTANCE COMPUTATION IN COLLISION DETECTION

Distance computation technique is one of the important elements for completing narrow phase collision detection system. Checking an accurate distance between two piece of polygons (or some researchers named it as primitives/triangles) is always a challenging tasks where it involves two common measurements, which is speed of the distance checking and the accuracy of the distance itself. In this paper, we performed an experiment using our latest technique called Inner AABB of Dynamic Pivot Point (DyOP) where it’s tremendously reduced number of testing and increase the speed of the distance computation. Based on the analyzed results, we believed that our technique is superior compared to other techniques in term of the speed of the detection.

A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Design Approaches for Human-Friendly Robots

In this paper, different measures for reducing the maximum contact force during blunt collisions between a robot and a human are evaluated using simulations. An existing collision model is adapted to include a nonlinear compliant covering, articular safety mechanisms (compliant joint and two types of torque limiters), and a collision detection system. Several scenarios are simulated in which the collision occurs at a low or high velocity, the head of the person (on which the collision occurs) is constrained by a wall or free to move and the reflected motor inertia is large or small compared to the link inertia. The results show that a torque limiter in series with each actuator has the potential to significantly improve safety without reducing the robot's performances.

COLLISION DETECTION FOR CLOTH SIMULATION USING BOUNDING SPHERE HIERARCHY

For the past 2-decades, the challenges of collision detection on cloth simulation have attracted numerous researchers. Simple mass spring model is used to model the cloth where the movement of the particles within the cloth was controlled by applying the Newton’s second law. After the modeling stage, implementation of the collision detection algorithm took place on cloth has been done. The collision detection technique used is bounding sphere hierarchy. Then, quad tree is being used to partitioning the bounding sphere and the collision search was based on the top-down approach. A prototype of the collision detection system is developed on cloth simulation and several experiments were conducted. Time taken for this system to be executed is around 235.258 milliseconds. Then the frame rate is at the average of 22 frames per second which is close to the real time system. Times taken for the collision detection system travels from root to nodes were 23 seconds. As a conclusion, the computational cost for bounding sphere hierarchy is much higher because the bounding sphere required more vertices for generation process, however the execution time for bounding sphere hierarchy is faster than the AABB hierarchy.