Execution System Research Articles

Safe Planning and Control Under Uncertainty: A Model-Free Design With One-Step Backward Data

Autonomous systems are desired to safely accomplish predetermined tasks with guaranteed performance despite uncertainties. This paper proposes a safe planning and performance-guaranteed control (SP-PGC) scheme to accomplish safe execution of autonomous systems suffering from uncertainties and disturbances. This is realized by investigating mutual influences between planning and control levels, either explicitly considering control-level attainable performance bounds into safe planning algorithms, or directly relating planned safe boundaries to control-level performance bounds. In particular, we first utilize one-step backward data to construct incremental systems, which are equivalent representations of the investigated autonomous systems but without using explicit model information (kinematics and/or dynamics). The formulated incremental systems transform the influence of uncertainties and disturbances into the effect of provably bounded estimation errors, caused by the difference between current and one-step backward states. Then, we introduce the concept of input-to-state stable with provable safety barrier Lyapunov function (ISS-PS-BLF) to facilitate the performance-guaranteed tracking controller design based on the incremental systems, wherein the estimation errors are rigorously analyzed through an input-to-state stable approach. Finally, either the guaranteed tracking performance bound of the ISS-PS-BLF based controller is considered in the safe planning algorithm to guide the reference trajectory generation, or the safe planned boundary is used to determine the explicit value of the control-level performance bound for safe execution under uncertainty. The efficiency of our developed SP-PGC scheme is validated through both numerical and experimental validations.

One-pot Golden Gate Assembly of an avian infectious bronchitis virus reverse genetics system.

Avian infectious bronchitis is an acute respiratory disease of poultry of particular concern for global food security. Investigation of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), the causative agent of avian infectious bronchitis, via reverse genetics enables deeper understanding of virus biology and a rapid response to emerging variants. Classic methods of reverse genetics for IBV can be time consuming, rely on recombination for the introduction of mutations, and, depending on the system, can be subject to genome instability and unreliable success rates. In this study, we have applied data-optimized Golden Gate Assembly design to create a rapidly executable, flexible, and faithful reverse genetics system for IBV. The IBV genome was divided into 12 fragments at high-fidelity fusion site breakpoints. All fragments were synthetically produced and propagated in E. coli plasmids, amenable to standard molecular biology techniques for DNA manipulation. The assembly can be carried out in a single reaction, with the products used directly in subsequent viral rescue steps. We demonstrate the use of this system for generation of point mutants and gene replacements. This Golden Gate Assembly-based reverse genetics system will enable rapid response to emerging variants of IBV, particularly important to vaccine development for controlling spread within poultry populations.

Problematika izvršenja kazni zatvora za krivična dela organizovanog kriminala

The paper points out the specifics in connection with serving prison sentences in the Special Department of the Correctional Penal Institution in Požarevac intended for serving prison sentences for criminal offenses of organized crime, considering that prisoners there serve their sentences in a special regime, involving isolation from the general prison population, as well as special treatment. This is primarily due to the fact that the position of persons serving a sentence in a special regime is less favorable compared to those who are not in such a regime, because the rights of prisoners in the Special Department are not the same as the rights of other prisoners. Certain basic rights of those serving a sentence in the Special Department are denied or unjustifiably limited and certain provisions of the law are not in line with the system of execution of criminal sanctions embodied in the Law on the Execution of Criminal Sanctions adopted in 2014. Special attention is paid to the need to create an essentially effective practice in dealing with this category of prisoners in terms of treatment (work therapy), which is an obligation of the state and which must also be made possible for those who are serving their sentence in the Special Department, considering that this is the only way to achieve the purpose of serving a prison sentence.

Selection and evaluation of a MES software for a 3D printing center at point of care

3D printing at point of care is an emerging business and many hospitals are on their way of becoming manufacturers of medical devices. In order to comply with medical regulations, production processes need to be managed and documented. Although various manufacturing execution systems (MES) exist for general purpose applications, the medical domain in combination with novel additive manufacturing processes poses special issues, requirements, and adaptation needs to these systems. In this paper we present a structured framework to select and evaluate an appropriate MES software for a 3D printing center at point of care. The results are based on a real-world case of a 3D printing center in a hospital and provide practical and theoretical insights on the selection and evaluation process in this novel manufacturing domain.

Decoding the diverse landscape of manufacturing execution systems

Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) are a key software tool used by manufacturers to plan, coordinate and monitor operations. Due to the high integration cost, customisation required, and the impact on operations, choosing an appropriate MES is vital. This study aims to assist in selecting MES by evaluating data and key functions of existing commercial MES. The study reviewed and classified 20 MES based on their functions and their functions and function position in the automation pyramid. The publicly available application program interfaces (APIs) of six MES were further evaluated to identify 58 key data types available from MES. A final evaluation highlighted 15 data types that can address common manufacturing challenges. Worker capabilities were highlighted as the most useful data type from MES to address common challenges; however, labour management functions are often missing from MES. A wide range of available core MES functions and data types were noted in commercial MES; this should be carefully considered when choosing a commercial MES.

Use of Lean Management Methods based on Eye-Tracking Information to make User Interfaces in Production more Human-centered

Manufacturing Execution Systems are a state-of-the-art technology in industrial companies. Being a core enabler during Industry 4.0, these software solutions are still growing. This is underlined by companies like SAP, that has launched a new cloud-based module for manufacturing execution, even though they already have been well positioned in this market. Due to the amount of opportunities given to interact more with operators via user interfaces, many disciplines use this format for bringing in their information. Information overload for the worker could be the consequence. This paper evaluates the idea of using the results given from tracking the worker’s eye movement to apply classical Lean Management methods for layout optimization, such as 5S. In order to deal with the risk of information overload, the theoretical background of Eye-Tracking and Lean Management are explained. In this paper, the idea as well as its proof of concept is described in the Analysis part. In detail, the resulting Heatmap from worker’s gaze point will be compared with a Spaghetti Diagram and its information for the 5S approach. Thus, further research and suggestions for an experimental design to evaluate the influence of those potential optimizations on the cognitive ergonomics of the operators are discussed.

Agile Factor Flexible Industry 4.0 with MES Manufacturing Execution System Along with ERP Back-End Integration: Ready-Made Garments as a Case Study

Agile Factor Flexible Industry 4.0 with MES Manufacturing Execution System Along with ERP Back-End Integration: Ready-Made Garments as a Case Study

A Knowledge Graph-based Learning Assistance Systems for Industrial Maintenance

Manufacturing industry is constantly evolving technologically. To ensure that the workforce comply with pace of changing requirements, Learning Assistance Systems (LAS) can provide competency-based support for daily tasks. LAS provide personalized support to blue and white collars through modular and contextualized workflows, information and learning materials. This paper presents a LAS designed and implemented for maintenance personnel in semiconductor manufacturing. The implemented LAS employs a novel statistical learning algorithm to determine the required competencies per task, interlinking them with information from knowledge bases and Manufacturing Execution Systems. This leads to a reduced mean time to repair of 18% in the illustrated use case.

Exploring Key Factors for Implementing Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) within the Framework of Industry 4.0 for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in the Manufacturing Sector

Exploring Key Factors for Implementing Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) within the Framework of Industry 4.0 for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in the Manufacturing Sector

Corrections to “An IoT-Enabled Real-Time Dynamic Scheduler for Flexible Job Shop Scheduling (FJSS) in an Industry 4.0-Based Manufacturing Execution System (MES 4.0)”

Corrections to “An IoT-Enabled Real-Time Dynamic Scheduler for Flexible Job Shop Scheduling (FJSS) in an Industry 4.0-Based Manufacturing Execution System (MES 4.0)”

Methodology for Implementing a Manufacturing Execution System in the Machinery and Equipment Industry

In today's volatile, uncertain, and complex business environments, manufacturing companies must not only adapt to market demands but also minimize the time between problem occurrence and resolution. The implementation of lean manufacturing systems has been crucial in this regard. However, traditional approaches have shown notable inefficiencies that can be effectively addressed through digitalization. By embracing digital solutions, manufacturing companies can ensure efficient continuous improvement, driving performance to higher levels. This study aims to find a digital solution for a specific company that faces daily challenges associated with low visibility into production. An investigation revealed that the Lean tools used by the company were outdated, directly affecting the generated information and consequently, decision-making. The integration of a Manufacturing Execution System into the factory's dynamics was the solution found. In this context, a step-by-step methodology is proposed to guide the implementation. As a result, a prototype of the system was designed. The validation of the system by end-users demonstrates the success of the proposed methodology.

An IoT-Enabled Real-Time Dynamic Scheduler for Flexible Job Shop Scheduling (FJSS) in an Industry 4.0-Based Manufacturing Execution System (MES 4.0)

An IoT-Enabled Real-Time Dynamic Scheduler for Flexible Job Shop Scheduling (FJSS) in an Industry 4.0-Based Manufacturing Execution System (MES 4.0)

Artificial Intelligence Manufacturing Execution System (MES) Unit Control in Automation Application Fusion Industry and Education Platform Design Innovation Exploration

Artificial Intelligence Manufacturing Execution System (MES) Unit Control in Automation Application Fusion Industry and Education Platform Design Innovation Exploration

Crash-Resilient Decentralized Synchronous Runtime Verification

<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Runtime verification</i> is a technique, where a <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">monitor</i> process extracts information from a running system in order to evaluate whether system executions violate or satisfy a given correctness specification. In this paper, we consider runtime verification of synchronous distributed systems, where a set of decentralized monitors that only have a partial view of the system are subject to <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">crash failures</i> . In this context, it is unavoidable that monitors may have different views of the underlying system, and, therefore, have different opinions about the correctness property. We propose an automata-based synchronous monitoring algorithm that copes with <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t$</tex-math></inline-formula> crash monitor failures. In our proposed approach, local monitors do not communicate their explicit reading of the underlying system. Rather, they emit a <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">symbolic verdict</i> that efficiently encodes their partial views. This significantly reduces the communication overhead. To this end, we also introduce an (offline) SMT-based monitor synthesis algorithm, which results in minimizing the size of monitoring messages. We evaluate our algorithm on a wide range of formulas and observe an average of 2.5 times increase in the number of states of the monitor automaton.

Розробка і впровадження нових організаційних структур в публічному секторі

Розробка і впровадження нових організаційних структур в публічному секторі

시·도자치경찰위원회의 발전방안

In terms that our nation needs the decentralization of police authority and the provision of the police security service suitable to regional characteristics, it has been proposed that the overall execution of the autonomous local police system is necessary and that bloated police authority should be efficiently distributed through the adjustment of the investigatory authority and the introduction of the autonomous police system.&#x0D; The autonomous police system having gone through overall execution since 2021 is the contemporary task that has been steadily discussed to enhance the democracy of police activities and the directivity of residents for 70 or more years since the restoration of independence. The Moon Jae-in government has made an effort on enacting the autonomous police system around the Self-Governing Decentralization Commission belong to the president by determining the introduction of the wide area local police system. as a national task.&#x0D; The legal basis for introducing the local police system was prepared by revising the Police Act through the discussion process to divide police work into national police work and local police work, decentralize the commander and the supervisor by work, and have the municipal and provincial self-governing police committee command and supervise local police work. Henceforth, concerns on the bloatedness of police authority were settled with the secured connectivity of local administration to public security administration to provide the various quality public security services suitable to residential demand and efficiently strengthen the public security capacity of the whole nation.&#x0D; This study is concerned with addressing the details of the major bills related to the establishment of National Police Committee with the meeting operation results and the details of the National Public Safety Commission of Japan, analyzing the operation status of municipal and provincial self-governing police committee, and presenting the plan on developing municipal and provincial self-governing police committee accordingly.

Enhancing Energy Efficiency and Real-time Monitoring in Industrial Environments through an Integrated Software Solution: NIGHTWATCH

Globally, the demand for energy continues to escalate due to factors such as heating, lighting, transportation, and fuel supply for various devices. In a context where energy has garnered such paramount importance, achieving energy efficiency has necessitated a comprehensive approach encompassing activities related to energy generation, transmission, and consumption. Any positive or negative developments in the realm of energy significantly impact both human and environmental factors, which constitute the focal points of sustainable development. The presented study, operates within industrial settings and interfaces with energy analyzers, collecting and analyzing data such as energy consumption, instantaneous current, and voltage. This initiative seeks to provide real-time visibility into energy-related operations on factory premises. Additionally, the software's capabilities extend to retrospective data analysis, enabling informed insights for future extrapolations. Furthermore, the integration of energy consumption data from the analyzers into the Manufacturing Execution System (MES) facilitates energy tracking on a per-job basis. The software's dashboard component empowers users to establish customized threshold values for monitored energy parameters. When these thresholds are exceeded or when values deviate from expected levels, the software triggers alerts and notifications via email and other communication channels, ensuring timely dissemination of pertinent information. Consequently, the software allows businesses to evaluate unit costs associated with specific job orders. Additionally, the study aims to establish a correlation between energy consumption data at the job-order level and machine-level energy consumption. This correlation could foster the augmentation of efficient energy utilization, thereby enhancing competitiveness and overall efficacy.

군 위기협상 발전 방안에 대한 연구

Terrorism continues to occur in all parts of the world, unpredictable, and unpredictable. In addition, crimes against humanity continue, with terrorists planning negotiations for their own benefit and taking innocent people hostage in order to gain an advantage in those negotiations. On the other hand, in the event of such a terrorist attack, if the mission execution system and experts for crisis negotiations are not trained and prepared, the damage will not only end with our terrorism, but will also read the lives of people. However, in the case of terrorism that occurs in the military, the level of terrorism that occurs in the military causes more damage than that of the civilian sector, so it is necessary to prepare in advance for military crisis negotiations, but it has not developed beyond the simple theoretical part. In addition, since the methods of terrorism are constantly changing and are carried out in various ways, it is necessary to examine the specifics of crisis negotiation methods for the practical performance of missions, such as suppressing terrorism and preventing human casualties, through crisis negotiations in such a terrorist situation.

Time Series Manufacturing Data Edge Monitoring and Visualization to Support Industrial Maintenance Teams

Traditional manufacturing control systems such as Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) or SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) were not designed for Industry 4.0 paradigm. Industry 4.0 implies that more data variables must be automatically monitored and data must be captured at a higher frequency: from one value of a few key variables to values of several variables captured at frequencies of seconds. Thus, new architectures and tools are required to merge Information Technology (IT) and Operation Technology (OT) fields and to meet Industry 4.0 requirements. This paper proposes a lightweight architecture based on micro-services and time series data requirements to connect to manufacturing process controllers, and to capture, store, monitor and visualize relevant data about the process. Moreover, a reference implementation based on Open Source tools is presented. This implementation has been validated by members of the maintenance team of a factory from Lecta, a paper manufacturer. The implementation has proven to be a new valuable tool providing further insights and customized alarms of the manufacturing process.

LoGenText-Plus : Improving Neural Machine Translation Based Logging Texts Generation with Syntactic Templates

Developers insert logging statements in the source code to collect important runtime information about software systems. The textual descriptions in logging statements (i.e., logging texts) are printed during system executions and exposed to multiple stakeholders including developers, operators, users, and regulatory authorities. Writing proper logging texts is an important but often challenging task for developers. Prior studies find that developers spend significant efforts modifying their logging texts. However, despite extensive research on automated logging suggestions, research on suggesting logging texts rarely exists. To fill this knowledge gap, we first propose LoGenText (initially reported in our conference paper), an automated approach that uses neural machine translation (NMT) models to generate logging texts by translating the related source code into short textual descriptions. LoGenText takes the preceding source code of a logging text as the input and considers other context information, such as the location of the logging statement, to automatically generate the logging text. LoGenText ’s evaluation on 10 open source projects indicates that the approach is promising for automatic logging text generation and significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art approach. Furthermore, we extend LoGenText to LoGenText-Plus by incorporating the syntactic templates of the logging texts. Different from LoGenText , LoGenText-Plus decomposes the logging text generation process into two stages. LoGenText-Plus first adopts an NMT model to generate the syntactic template of the target logging text. Then LoGenText-Plus feeds the source code and the generated template as the input to another NMT model for logging text generation. We also evaluate LoGenText-Plus on the same 10 projects and observe that it outperforms LoGenText on 9 of them. According to a human evaluation from developers’ perspectives, the logging texts generated by LoGenText-Plus have a higher quality than those generated by LoGenText and the prior baseline approach. By manually examining the generated logging texts, we then identify five aspects that can serve as guidance for writing or generating good logging texts. Our work is an important step toward the automated generation of logging statements, which can potentially save developers’ efforts and improve the quality of software logging. Our findings shed light on research opportunities that leverage advances in NMT techniques for automated generation and suggestion of logging statements.