Effective Evaluation System Research Articles

112-PA12 Tuberculosis training at Alert, Ethiopia

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) affects one third to one fourth of the human population and is the reservoir for a significant proportion of emerging active tuberculosis (TB) cases, especially in low incidence countries. The World Health Organization launched in 2015 the END-TB strategy that aims at TB elimination and promotes, for the first time ever, the management of LTBI. The preventive package, basically consisting of testing and treatment for LTBI in groups at high risk of reactivation, is a mainstay of the first pillar of the strategy, alongside prompt diagnosis and early treatment of both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB disease. Testing and treatment for LTBI should be pursued with a programmatic perspective. This implies strong political commitment, adequate funding and an effective monitoring and evaluation system. People living with HIV and children under five years of age who are household contact of a contagious TB cases are primarily targeted in all epidemiological setting. In high resource and low incidence setting, additional at risk populations should also be the target for systematic LTBI testing and treatment. Research is urgently needed to develop diagnostic tests with higher predictive value to identify individuals that progress from infection to disease. Similarly, shorter and safer treatment regimens are needed to make the trade-off between potential benefits and harms more favourable for an increasing proportion of infected individuals.

ENHANCING QUALITY - TENSIONS AND TENDENCIES IN AUSTRALIAN UNIVERSITIES

Presenting the comprehensive quality control measures which have been taken in Australian higher education in recent years, the author argues that the way they have been imposed from top down without proper consultations with the faculty/staff members of the institutions concerned have led to their being discredited at this level. She proposes ways in which evaluation and awards systems might be introduced through proper consultations with staff/faculty members in ways which engage the support of the latter and are then conducted with their co‐operation and collaboration. In particular, she describes how the Guidelines for Effective University Teaching were developed by the Australian Vice‐Chancellors Committee and are now being introduced into the various Australian higher education institutions as the basis of an effective teaching evaluation and improvement system.

The dynamics of effective performance evaluation systems in education: Conceptual, human relations, and technical domains

High-quality performance evaluation systems in education are fundamental to both individual improvement and organizational effectiveness. The design and implementation of such systems require far more than a casual effort on the part of the decision makers within the organization. If worthwhile performance evaluation systems are to be effectuated, particular attention must be paid to the conceptual, human relations, and technical domains. Indeed, systems that incorporate the relevant issues found in this triad address a fundamental rule of performance evaluation: if it is worth doing, it is worth doing well.

Evaluating Faculty for Promotion and Tenure

This book provides practical recommendations for implementing an effective faculty evaluation system. It details eight characteristics of effective systems, including policies and procedures that are clearly articulated in writing, compatibility of the system with current institutional goals, and others.

Effective Educational Practices in the Mainstream Setting: Recommended Model for Evaluation of Mainstream Teacher Classes

This paper recommends evaluation of effective educational practices in all mainstream class settings. A seven-point rationale for such evaluation is presented, followed by discussion of evaluations of mainstreaming which have already been conducted. Areas of research relevant to effective instructional practices in the mainstream are also presented, in order to specify content of an appropriate evaluation instrument. Finally, a model of an effective evaluation system for evaluation of classroom mainstreaming is presented.

Preserving and enhancing quality through effective program evaluation

AbstractDecisions as to whether or not educational programs should be dropped or cut back should be based on data gathered from an effective program evaluation system.

Monitoring and evaluation of an irrigation system

Abstract Monitoring and evaluation of irrigation projects has been a neglected subject in the past. While some lip service has been given to this subject, with few exceptions, it has received very little attention or consideration as a part of the overall management process for the projects. It is argued that without a continuing and effective monitoring and evaluation system, it is unlikely that the project benefits can be achieved or they will be optimal. A comprehensive monitoring and evaluation system is recommended for irrigation projects at four interrelated levels: planning, design and construction of physical facilities; operation and maintenance of irrigation and drainage facilities; agricultural production and achievement of socio‐economic objectives.

Nontechnical Questions About Teacher Evaluation Systems in Elementary and Secondary Schools: A Research Agenda

l h e crucial problems to be solved in implementing and operating a successful and effective teacher evaluation system are nontechnical as well as technical. The literature on teacher evaluation does not lack for wisdom and expertise concerning the nature of the evidence required to justify evaluative judgments (Millman, 1981). It is, however, one thing to understand the logic and techniques for collecting data and constructing warranted evaluative arguments, and another to implement and operate a successful and effective system in a real school district populated with real people. The latter task requires, in addition to technical competence, the ability to manage a complex organization, to resolve conflicting interests, and to make and enforce difficult and sometimes painful decisions in a just and humane way. Any decision concerning teacher evaluation needs to be rooted in a clear conception of why teacher evaluation systems exist. Most people would agree that the primary goal of teacher evaluations is to improve the quality of education that children receive. To reach this distant goal, two major, proximate roles of teacher evaluation have been distinguished: the formative role and the summative role. Formative teacher evaluation helps teachers improve their performance by providing data, judgments, and suggestions that have implications for what to teach and how. On the other hand, summative teacher evaluation serves administrative decisionmaking with respect to teacher certification, hiring and firing, promotion and tenure, assignments, and salary. The choice of which role the evaluation system will play is important because the motivation for, and likely acceptability of, the system is a function of its purpose, and because the optimum design features and implementation procedures differ for formative and summative teacher evaluation. Discussed below are questions about the context for teacher evaluation that raise such issues as implementation, acceptance, administrative feasibility, and justice. We believe these questions are particularly important for those seeking to study teacher evaluation systems. 1. What kinds of evaluation practices are consistent with the legal context in which schools operate? The overriding question about legal issues and teacher evaluation is: How best can the legal rights of teachers and the public be assured within an evaluation system that efficiently provides useful and accurate information? First we provide some background and then some specific research questions. Legal concerns are few in formative teacher evaluation because legal rights are not substantially affected by the as-

Measuring Transportation System Effectiveness

This paper attempts to develop a strategy for measuring effectiveness in the delivery of transportation services within multimodal systems. It is one example of the kind of technique which utilizes a few reliable measures and is therefore more appropriate for the regular evaluation of system effectiveness. The strategy is applied in an analysis of system performance in Atlanta, Georgia for both existing and proposed modes. A principal concern is the determination of the distribution of services among areas whose residents have significantly different socioeconomic characteristics. Results indicate differences in service delivery which are helpful to decision-makers and/or service providers.

System effectiveness evaluation using star and delta transformations: J. P. Gadani, IEEE Trans. Reliab.R-30 (1) 43 (April 1981)

System effectiveness evaluation using star and delta transformations: J. P. Gadani, IEEE Trans. Reliab.R-30 (1) 43 (April 1981)

Evaluating Information System Effectiveness - Part I: Comparing Evaluation Approaches

While the sue and costs of Management Information Systems (MIS) have become highly visible, little attention has been paid to assessing and communicating system effectiveness. Evaluation of system effectiveness is difficult due to its multidimensionality, its qualitative and quantitative aspects, and the multiple, and often conflicting, evaluator viewpoints. This article provides an overview of what system effectiveness means and how it should be measured. It is the first of two articles to appear in consecutive issues of the MIS Quarterly. Starting with a definition of system effectiveness, this article examines evaluation of system effectiveness in terms of a conceptual hierarchy of system objectives. The hierarchy is used to discuss problems in, and recommendations for, evaluating system effectiveness, and to compare MIS evaluation approaches. The second article characterizes and compares the evaluator viewpoints on system effectiveness for decision makers in several functional groups involved in MIS implementation ᾢ user, MIS, internal audit, and management. The second article recommends several MIS evaluation approaches for incorporating multiple dimensions and multiple evaluator viewpoints into evaluations of information system effectiveness.

A network modeling and analysis technique for the evaluation of nuclear safeguards systems effectiveness

Nuclear safeguards systems are concerned with the physical protection and control of nuclear materials. The Safeguards Network Analysis Procedure (SNAP) provides a convenient and standard analysis methodology for the evaluation of safeguards system effectiveness. This is achieved through a standard set of symbols which characterize the various elements of safeguards systems and an analysis program to execute simulation models built using the SNAP symbology. The reports provided by the SNAP simulation program enable analysts to evaluate existing sites as well as alternative design possibilities. This paper describes the SNAP modeling technique and provides an example illustrating its use.

DETERRENCE EFFECTIVENESS MEASUREMENT

Abstract The controversy of statistical evaluation of effectiveness of the present criminal justice system and of specific programs or changes implemented in the existing system has in part centered around the value of crime‐incidence data. The relationships between victimization and UCR or police‐blotter data pertinent to their use in evaluation are first described. An example is presented using an empirical‐stochastic model developed solely from UCR data to illustrate an approach to evaluation of system effectiveness. Here an ad hoc procedure is displayed which quantifies variation in and/or shifts in crime patterns after an intervention in the system.

New approach to the problem of information system effectiveness evaluation

The object of this paper is to present a new kind of approach to the problem of information system effectiveness evaluation as based on the theory of fuzzy sets. On the basis of this theory, the concepts of relevance and pertinence, which are the basic concepts used in determining the indices of information system effectiveness evaluation, have been defined. Assuming that in evaluating the effectiveness of information systems, one should consider separately the problem of quality evaluation of the transformation of the contents of documents and information requests into their search patterns and the problem of quality evaluation of the process of profile control of a document set of the information system, definitions have been given of parameters of quality evaluation of the transformation of the contents of documents and information requests into their search patterns with regard to a given information request as well as of parameters of quality evaluation of the process with regard to the whole set of information requests under examination. Besides, parameters of quality evaluation of the process of profile control of a document set of the information system have been defined. The parameters of effectiveness evaluation of information systems put forward in this paper take account of the fact that both evaluation of the relevance and evaluation of the pertinence of documents are of a continuous character.