Synthesis Of Iron Nanoparticles Research Articles

Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles and photocatalytic activity evaluation for the degradation of methylene blue dye

Abstract The present study focuses on iron nanoparticles (Fe NPs) biosynthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity (PCA) appraisal for methylene blue dye degradation. A green rapid biogenic synthesis route was employed for synthesis of Fe NPs using banana peel extract. The synthesized Fe NPs was characterized by XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and EDX (energy dispersive X-ray) techniques. These analysis confirmed the synthesis of zero valent Fe NPs with high crystallinity, purity and semi spherical in shape. The photocatalytic activity was assessed under ultra violet irradiation and under optimum conditions, 87% degradation of MB dye was obtained for 72 min of irradiation, which revealed promising catalytic efficiency of the Fe NPs. The result shows that photocatalytic activity of Fe NPs is promising and could possibly be used to treat dyes in industrial effluents and the use of green synthetic protocol is suggested due to its ecofriendly nature.

Analyzing the Efficiency of Di-FeNPs in Removal of Methyl Orange Dye using Statistical Approach

Objective: To study the catalytic potential of green synthesized iron nanoparticles for the removal of methyl orange dye. Method: Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied based on the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) which determined the interactive influence of parameters i.e., pH (1-3), adsorbent dose (80-120mg), initial dye concentration (5-15 ppm), contact time (60-90 minutes), and temperature (30-40oC) on methyl orange removal. Findings: BBD-RSM demonstrated that the Di-FeNPs achieved the maximum efficiency of 98% of methyl orange dye removal. In the present Model, F-value 214.94 implicates the significance of the model. The predicted R2 of 0.9782 is closer to the adjusted R2 of 0.989 which shows a good consistency among experimental and predicted values. The experimental data were analyzed by applying Redlich- Peterson (R2= 0.982), Elovich (R2= 0.981), and Dubinin-Radushkevich (R2= 0.991) isotherms models. Novelty and applications: The statistical approach using the Box-Behnken design indicates that this model is specific and accurate for the applied experimental data. Green synthesized iron nanoparticles have the potential to remove (98%) methyl orange dye. Keywords: Iron nanoparticles; Methyl orange; Green synthesis; Response surface methodology; Datura inoxia; Isotherms

Green synthesis of iron (Fe) nanoparticles using Plumeria obtusa extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent: Antimicrobial, antioxidant and biocompatibility studies

In the current study, a green and facile route for the synthesis of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) was adopted. The FeNPs were fabricated via a single step green route using aqueous leaves extract of Plumeria obtusa ( P . obtusa ) as a capping/reducing and stabilizing agents. The FeNPs were characterized by UV/Vis (Ultraviolet/Visible), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) techniques. The FeNPs were of spheroidal shape with average size of 50 nm. The biosynthesized FeNPs were further evaluated for their biological activities like antimicrobial, antioxidant and biocompatibility. The FeNPs displayed auspicious antimicrobial activity against bacterial ( E. coli , B. subtilis ) and fungal strains ( A. niger ) and S. commune . The test performed against red blood cells (RBCs) lysis (1.22 ± 0.02%) and macrophage (31 ± 0.09%) showed biocompatible nature of FeNPs. In vitro cytotoxicity against AU565 (82.03 ± 0.08–23.65 ± 0.065%) and HeLa (88.61 ± 0.06–33.34 ± 0.06%) cell lines showed cell viability loss in dose dependent manner (FeNPs 25–100 μg/mL). The antioxidant activities values were determined through DPPH, TRPA, NO and H 2 O 2 assays with values 70.23 ± 0.02%, 76.65 ± 0.02 μg AAE/mg, 74.43 ± 0.04% and 67.34 ± 0.03%, respectively. Based on the bioactivities, the green synthesized FeNPs have potential for therapeutic applications.

Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles Using Sargassum wightii Extract and Its Impact on Serum Biochemical Profile and Growth Response of Etroplus suratensis Juveniles.

The present study focuses on the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles using plant extracts as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents. Aqueous seaweed extracts with the addition of iron solution were mixed using a magnetic stirrer which resulted in a color change indicating the formation of iron nanoparticles. The iron nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using Sargassum wightii extract. The synthesized iron nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and zeta potential techniques. The UV-Vis spectra showed a peak at 412 to 415nm. Zeta potential revealed that the synthesized iron nanoparticles were negative and positive charges. FTIR spectroscopy analysis showed the presence of chemical bond and amide group likely to be responsible for the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles. The effect of nano-iron as a dietary iron source on the growth and serum biochemical profile of Etroplus suratensis fingerlings was evaluated. Iron nanoparticles were fed to E. suratensis fingerlings for 60days with two levels 10mg (T1) and 20mg (T2) and a control group without iron nanoparticles. The highest WG% and SGR and lowest FCR were observed in the T2 group which is significantly different (p < 0.05) from other groups. The serum biochemical profile showed significantly increased activity on 20mg/kg of nano-iron-supplemented diet. The findings of the present study concluded that supplementation of nano-iron at the 20mg/kg level to the regular fish diet has a better impact not only on growth but also on the overall health of the fish.

Fenton like oxidative degradation of toxic water pollutants by iron nanoparticles synthesized via facile green route using waste iron rust as the iron precursor

Corrosion of iron by oxidation is a global problem that affects the economy and gives rise to environmental pollution. Iron rust is oxide or hydroxide of iron, it can be used as a secondary iron source which will lead to its management as well as reduce the pressure on primary iron sources. In the present study, waste iron rust was used as the precursor of iron for the synthesis of iron nanoparticles via the green route using extract of dried Jatropha leaf. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using different instrumental techniques. Synthesized iron nanoparticles bear an extremely large specific surface area of 190.2 m2/g. The catalytic potential of synthesized nanoparticles was tested for the degradation of toxic organic pollutants phenol and p-nitrophenol (PNP) in an aqueous solution. Both the pollutants were removed rapidly in the initial 30 minutes of the reaction time. Optimization of the removal process was done by varying different variables. Maximum removal of phenol (~98%) and PNP (~95%) was achieved at 0.1 g/L concentration of nanoparticles. The degradation reaction rate was determined by pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics and the data was found to be followed best by the pseudo-first-order kinetics.

Low Cost, Recyclable and Magnetic Moringa Oleifera Leaves for Chromium(VI) Removal From Water

Chromium(VI) a heavy metal by nature, is one of the most toxic metals in the environment. We recently reported functionalized Moringa Oleifera (FMO) leaves as a low cost and efficient adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) and bacterial from water, as a continuation, we report the incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) with previously studied FMO for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution. Iron oxide due to its magnetic properties has been shown to assist in the recovery of its adsorbents. In this study, in-situ co-precipitation synthesis of iron nanoparticles onto FMO was employed. During chemical precipitation, the iron precipitate tends to cover the FMO thus forming some outer-shell coating of magnetite on the surface of FMO. The Fe3O4/FMO was characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM, BET, TGA and Zeta potential. FTIR results showed a new developed intense peak at 685.6 cm−1 for Fe-O stretching, indicating successful incorporation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles onto FMO. Powder XRD was further use to confirm the formation and further indicated that the structure of FMO was still intact even after the Fe3O4 incorporation. The adsorption conditions such as pH, dosage, time and concentration were optimized to 2, 0.15 g, 25 min and 20 mg/L, respectively. The adsorbent was selective toward Cr(VI) since 99% was removed in the presence of interfering ions (20–100 mg/L). The adsorbent (Fe3O4/FMO) could also be reused up to 4 times with a percentage Cr(VI) removal of &amp;gt;80% in the 4th cycle. Adsorption kinetics studies obeyed pseudo second-order model, suggesting a chemical interaction mechanism (chemisorption) between Fe3O4/FMO and Cr(VI). Therefore, the adsorbent has shown that it can be used for selective removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater and potentially other heavy metals as well.

Green Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Hibiscus rosa sinensis Flowers and Their Antibacterial Activity

Iron oxide nanoparticles (α- Fe2O3) were synthesized using an unconventional, eco-friendly technique utilizing a Hibiscus rosa sinensis flower (common name, China rose) extract as a reducer and stabilizer agent. The microwave method was successfully used for the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles. Various volume ratios of iron chloride tetrahydrate to the extract were taken and heated by the microwave oven for different periods to optimize iron oxide nanoparticle production. The synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles were characterized using the ultraviolet-visible spectrometer (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of α- Fe2O3 nanoparticles (hematite). The average size of iron oxide nanoparticles was found to be 51 nm. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized iron nanoparticles was investigated against different bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli. The results showed that the synthesized iron nanoparticles exhibited an inhabitation effect on all studied bacteria.

Mechanistic insight into the one step green synthesis of hybrid rGO/Fe NPs

Recently, the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles and associated hybrids using plant extracts has attracted much attention due to its low cost, simplicity and environmental friendliness. However, the exact formation mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the one step green synthesis of hybrid rGO/Fe NPs by a tea extract was examined using a response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain a high activity of rGO/Fe NPs. The results showed that the best conditions for synthesis were an extract concentration = 35 g/L, pH = 7, and temperature = 30 °C. The optimized hybrid produced could remove 99.9% of mitoxantrone (MTX) compared to only 78.9% when unoptimized. To better understand the formation process, characterizations by SEM, TEM, AFM, FTIR, XRD, Raman, and XPS were performed. Theses characterizations showed that the Fe NPs produced had a particle size of 25 nm which were deposited randomly across the rGO nanosheet with a thickness of approximately 1.5 nm, indicating that stable hybrid rGO/Fe NPs were successfully synthesized, where the green tea extract exhibited both reducing and capping/stabilizing behavior. Furthermore, the specific biomolecules in the green tea extract responsible for bio-reduction and stabilization were identified by GC-MS and LC-MS, which showed that catechins were the main reducing agents, while alkaloids, amino acids and phenolic acids were the main capping/stabilizing agents. Finally, a mechanism for synthesizing rGO/Fe NPs was proposed, where the polyphenols successfully reduced GO and complexed with iron ions to form amorphous ferric (and ferrous) polyphenol complex nanoparticles.

Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam leaf aqueous extract mediated novel green synthesis of iron nanoparticles and its anti-hemolytic anemia potential: A chemobiological study

In this study, the aqueous extract Ziziphora clinopodioides was used to biosynthesis of iron nanoparticles. A green, productive, and environmentally method was developed for the valuable study and the effective preparation of the green-synthesis of iron nanoparticles using aqueous extracts from the leaf of Ziziphora clinopodioides as a result of reducing and stabilizing factor. The simplicity of the synthesis procedures and easy work up are the benefits of the present study. The structural and morphological characterization of green‐synthesized FeNPs was performed by Uv–Vis. and FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, and EDX techniques. The SEM images have exhibited an equal and uniform spherical morphology in size of 30.04. We also investigated the anti-hemolytic anemia property of FeNPs in an animal model of hemolytic anemia. In vivo assay, induction of hemolytic anemia was done by phenylhydrazine in mice. FeNPs significantly reduced the weight and volume of liver and spleen and the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased the body weight, the anti-inflammatory cytokines concentration, and the total platelet, WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, monocyte, and basophil counts, and RBC parameters as compared to the untreated mice. About the biochemical parameters, FeNPs significantly increased GPx, CAT, and SOD in serum, liver, and spleen, and also HDL, total protein, and albumin in serum, and decreased GR in serum, liver, and spleen, and also erythropoietin, ferritin, ferrous, creatinine, urea, LDL, triglyceride, cholesterol, GGT, ALT, AST, and ALP in serum as compared to the anemic mice. DPPH test revealed similar antioxidant potentials for FeNPs and Butylated hydroxytoluene. FeNPs had low cell viability dose-dependently against HUVEC cell line. It appears that FeNPs can be administrated as a hematoprotective and anti-hemolytic anemia drug or supplement for the treatment of hemolytic anemia in the clinical trial.

Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles from Ulva lactuca and bactericidal activity against enteropathogens

Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as one of the major public-health issues in recent times. The multi-drug resistant opportunistic bacterial pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium cause urinary tract, respiratory infections and diarrhea. The prevalence in the hospital environment increases multi-drug resistant bacteria and beta-lactam antibiotics (carbapenems) are highly effective against these pathogens, however development of drug resistance against these antibiotics may lead to increased mortality. Hence, it is of utmost significance to develop alternative antibiotics against these drug-resistant bacteria. In this study, we have synthesized iron nanoparticles using the water extract of marine algae (Ulva lactuca) collected from Tamilnadu coast, India. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV-spectroscopy, transform infrared spectroscopy, and Scanning electron microscopy. The green synthesized nanoparticles have the size of 30–40 nm and have potent biological activities. The synthesized nanoparticles showed anticancer activity against HeLa and DLD-1 cell lines. The methanol extract of U. lactuca showed maximum activity against E. coli (24 ± 2 mm), followed by S. typhimurium (23 ± 1 mm), B. cereus (19 ± 1 mm), P. vulgaris (17 ± 2 mm), and S. aureus (16 ± 2 mm). Antibacterial disc diffusion analysis of nanoparticles showed improved activites than algal extract. The iron nanoparticles showed activity against S. aureus (24 ± 1 mm), E. coli (29 ± 1 mm), and S. typhimurium (31 ± 2 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration values of nanoparticles against diarrhoea causing bacteria varied widely. U. lactuca extract was highly effective against S. typhimurium (25 µg/mL), followed by E. coli (30 µg/mL), and S. aureus (45 µg/mL). These results clearly demonstrate that iron nanoparticles could be developed as alternate therapeutics against carbapenems resistant bacteria and against types of cancers.

Recent advancements of biogenic iron nanoparticles in cancer theranostics

Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide, which generates an immediate requirement for developing therapeutic and diagnostic tools to treat different kinds of cancer. Further, the onset of nanobiotechnology has opened the gateways for the development and research at the nanoscale levels. The unique size of nanoparticles helps them create distinguished properties that differentiate them from the bulk matter and hence awakens their more potentialities and utilities in multiple domains. However, one of the highly studied nanoparticles for the treatment of cancer is the iron nanoparticle because it shows high magnetism, as well as their unique structure, which helps them act as an efficient anticancer agent. Further, the biogenic iron nanoparticles are biocompatible and less toxic due to their bio-based synthesis routes, which use microorganisms, plants, biomolecules, etc. Hence, this featured article is dedicated to enhancing the knowledge on the potentialities of biologically synthesized iron nanoparticles in cancer therapy and diagnostics.

Cytotoxicity and Hemostatic One Step Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles Coated with Green Tea for Biomedical Application

Heparin and its low molecular weight are anticoagulants that prevent the formation and extension of blood clots. However, these anticoagulant causes bleeding that takes longer to stop. Here, we explore using magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4NPs) coated with green tea (GTPs) as a safe and effective nontherapeutic agent for blood clotting prevention. In this work, Magnetic iron oxide coated with green tea (GT@Fe3O4NPs) was successfully synthesized using a simple eco-friendly green method. Green tea is employed as a green reducing and stabilizing agent. We employed this method as a new low-cost and time-consuming route. Structural, blood biocompatibility and anticoagulant properties of the (GT@Fe3O4NPs) were analyzed. These analyses showed that the particles were of uniform shapes and sizes of 25 - 36 nm with a coating of GTPs. The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurement demonstrated a saturation magnetization of 4.90 emu/g with negligible coercivity and retentivity, indicating the superparamagnetic behavior of the GT@Fe3O4NPs at room temperature. The synthesized magnetic nanoparticles were highly stable and well-dispersed in an aqueous medium through their hydrophilic coating of GTPs. Cell viability and prothrombin time (PT) showed excellent blood compatibility in addition to promising anticoagulant ability, respectively. The work offers a novel, safe nanotherapeutic agent as a substitutional for heparin. As a result, GT@Fe3O4NPs can compete with heparin either in hemodialysis or the treatment of thromboembolic events as it can overcome related bleeding problems to a great extent. HIGHLIGHTS Magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4 NPs) coated with green tea (GTPs) could be a safe substitutional of heparin, overcoming side effects of heparin such as bleeding Magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4 NPs) coated with green tea (GTPs) can advance anticoagulant drugs by increasing control of the anticoagulant (e.g., decreasing the dose and reducing side effects while maintaining efficacy and increasing circulation) The new magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4 NPs) coated with green tea (GTPs) anticoagulant drugs will profit patients undergoing high-risk surgical procedures and overcome anticoagulant-related bleeding problems to a great extent GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Antibacterial and Dye Degradation Activity of Green Synthesized Iron Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles have a wide range of applications in various fields such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. Synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extract is a very efficient, cost‐effective, useful, and environmentally friendly method. A plant extract acts as a reducing agent in the formation of nanoparticles. Catharanthus roseus is one of the potential plants for biosynthesis of nanoparticles due to its easy availability. In the present study, the Catharanthus roseus plant extract was used to synthesize iron nanoparticles. UV‐vis spectroscopy, DLS, and FTIR were performed for characterization of synthesized nanoparticles. Further antibacterial and dye degrading properties of synthesized iron nanoparticles have been investigated. It was found that Catharanthus roseus‐synthesized iron nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against E. coli and dye degradation activity against methyl orange dye.

Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles Using Psidium guajava Leaf Extract and It’s Role in Crystal Violet Dye Removal

Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles Using Psidium guajava Leaf Extract and It’s Role in Crystal Violet Dye Removal

Synthesis of iron nanoparticles, its characterization and anti-microbial activity assessment

We report the efficacy of the Iron nanoparticles (IONPs) and assessed two different approaches for the synthesis of IONPs i.e. Polyol and co-precipitation method and further, evaluate their antimicrobial properties. Ferrous sulphate heptahydrate salts were reduced with ethylene glycol to obtain IONP and Fe+2 and Fe+3 co-precipitation reaction was performed with KOH at optimum heating. Further, synthesized (IONPs) were characterized by hydrodynamic radii measurement done by DLS clearly indicating the size of IONPs is 79.75nm in polyol based and 135.1 nm in co-precipitation method. The biological efficacy in terms of antimicrobial activity was assessed by the Kirby Bauer method, applied for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. The ZOI values i.e. Zone of inhibition diameter was found to be clearly visible in both S. aureus and E. coli, indicating bactericidal activity. Further growth kinetics studies and bacterial genotoxicity was also assessed. Hence, IONPs synthesized are proposed to have great potential as an antibacterial agent and can be used in drug delivery.

Experimental Investigation on Green Synthesis of FeNPs using &lt;i&gt;Azadirachta indica&lt;/i&gt; Leaves

In nanotechnology, developing an environmentally friendly method for synthesizing iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) is an important aspect. According to recent studies, the use of secondary metabolites from plant leaf extract has recently emerged as a novel technology for synthesizing various nanoparticles. The leaf extract of Azadirachta indica was used to synthesize iron nanoparticles in this research. The effects of reactant concentrations, reaction temperature, and pH of the solution on the synthesis process of iron nanoparticles were studied. A UV-Visible Spectrophotometer that analyzed absorbance spectra was used to monitor the formation of iron nanoparticles in dispersion. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) characterized the morphology of iron nanoparticles, and results reveal the particles are spherical with an average size of 48 nm. The optimum conditions for synthesis are as follows: 15 % leaf extract, [FeCl3] = 1.0 mM, pH 6.0, and temperature 60 °C. The FTIR technique confirms that plant biomolecules induce the reduction of Fe3+ ions to FeNPs and act as a capping and stabilizing agent. Therefore, they have good stability for various applications.

Bioinspired synthesis of iron-based nanomaterials and nanocomposite: For environmental remediation

Green chemistry has been shown to be an effective method for producing nanoparticles (NPs). Since the previous decade, plant extract-based green synthesis of different NPs has been intensively explored. Despite the fact that the green synthesis approach for nanomaterials is non-toxic and sustainable, a lack of specific information on green synthesis and its process remains a major problem. This review examines all of the greener methods for making iron-based nanoparticles and nanocomposites (NCs). Various existing routes to the synthesis of iron-based nanomaterials, such as using microorganisms (fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes), algae, green plants, and various biocompatible green reagents such as biopolymers, cellulose, and biomass for the synthesis of iron nanoparticles, have been summarized in this review. Furthermore, the effects of various parameters used in the green synthesis approach have been examined in order to provide a clear image of the physicochemical features of the nanomaterials created. This review paper provides a thorough discussion of the environmental applications of various green-produced iron NPs and their high-performance composites. In this paper, the advantages of bimetallic iron-based NCs over iron NPs in a variety of environmental applications are thoroughly examined. Although promising results have been reported, significant research gaps have been identified, as well as the chance to profit from the emergence and rise of these environmentally benign sources.

Facile preparation of Fe2O3 nanoparticles mediated by Centaurea alba extract and assessment of the anti-atherosclerotic properties

This research work attempts to synthesize iron nanoparticles with Centaurea alba extract. The reported synthesis method serves to be more effective over conventional physical and chemical methods, which is found to be cost effective, recyclable, biocompatible and prevents oxidation of iron oxide nanoparticle as well.As the extract of Centaurea alba possess high content of flavonoids, tannins and phenolic acids, it thereby prevents the oxidation and accumulation iron oxide NPs. The morphological features of the obtained nanoparticle were determined by TEM and SEM imaging techniques. Furthermore, various spectroscopic techniques including UV-Vis, FT-IR has been evaluated.As a part of cellular and molecular studies, the prepared FeNPs was subjected to MTT assay for 48h on normal (HUVEC) cells to evaluate its cytotoxicity. The IC50 of FeNPs and BHT against DPPH free radicals were 287 and 191 µg/mL respectively. Male Wistar rats were selected as the model organism for the in vivo studies and has been categorized into 6 groups, where normal diet was provided to the control group, cholesterol diet was provided to sham group (HCD: 1.50% cholesterol and 24.00% fat) and HCD was provided to other groups. FeNPs were infused at low (100µg Kg-1), moderate (200 µg/Kg) and maximum (400 µg/Kg) doses via gavages. Additionally, atorvastatin (10 mg Kg-1) was provided to the last group through gavages with HCD. Six months has been fixed as a study period for all the groups. Various parameters including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was assessed in the blood samples of the test organism at the end of the period. Furthermore, sections of coronary artery and aortic arteries were subjected to histopathological examinations, which showed increase in vessel wall thickness in HCD group, however FeNPstreated groups showed no significant pathological changes. Decrease in TG, TC and LDL-C was observed upon treatment of HCD animals with FeNPs.

Synergistic Activation of Peroxydisulfate by Capping Biomolecules on Green Synthesized Iron Nanoparticles for Oxidation of Mixed E2 and Ee2

Synergistic Activation of Peroxydisulfate by Capping Biomolecules on Green Synthesized Iron Nanoparticles for Oxidation of Mixed E2 and Ee2

Innovative Use of Plant Extracts to Synthesize Iron Nanoparticles for Heterogeneous Catalytic Persulfate Removal of Soil Tetrabromobisphenol a

Innovative Use of Plant Extracts to Synthesize Iron Nanoparticles for Heterogeneous Catalytic Persulfate Removal of Soil Tetrabromobisphenol a