Synthesis Of Zinc Oxide Research Articles

The efficacy of ZnO-NPs prepared via green route against colon and breast cancer cells

This study is an attempt to utilize green tea [GT] extract and pomegranate peel [PP] for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The selected plants are rich in phenols therefore are awaited to successfully synthesize ZnO nanoparticles without the need for an alkylating agent. In addition, these extracts contain various functional groups that confer colloidal stability for nanoparticles and ameliorate their biocompatibility via a one pot synthesis route. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques are used to investigate both structural and morphological properties of the obtained nanoparticles [Zn-GT and Zn-PP]. To confirm the presence of functional groups adsorbed on the surface of biogenic-NPs, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed. The outcomes demonstrated that only the use of green tea extract was successful in synthesizing zinc oxide from the zinc acetate dihydrate precursor, producing particles with an average size of approximately 25 nm. Anticancer activity and cytotoxicity of the biosynthesized Zn-GT nanoparticles were assessed against human breast cancer [MCF7] and colorectal carcinoma [HCT116] cell lines. The cytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles is presented with reference to normal skin [BJ1] cell line subjected to similar concentrations of the NPs. The obtained results verified a discriminative inhibition of both MCF7 and HCT116 cancer cell growth upon using Zn-GT, which completely succeeded in preventing cancer cell growth.

تأثير دقائق اوكسيد الزنك النانوية المصنعة بايولوجيًا على النمط الظاهري والجيني للغشاء الحيوي لبكتريا Proteus mirabilis

تصنف بكتريا Proteus mirabilis كثالث مسبب لالتهاب المجاري البولية المصاحب لتركيب أنابيب القسطرة البولية. تعد الاغشية الحيوية من عوامل الضراوة اللتي تستعملها البكتريا لمقاومة المضادات الحيوية وفي ضل تطور مقاومة البكتريا للمضادات الحيوية, صار لزامًا على العلماء والباحيثن في مجال الاحياء المجهرية أيجاد بدائل ذات كفائة عالية قادرة على اختراق جدار الخلية البكتيرية وبالتالي قتلها.في السنوات الاخيرة, اكتسبت دقائق النانو المصنعة بايولوجيا والصديقة للبيئة أهتمامًا كبيرًا من قبل الباحثين لأمتلاكها خصائص مميزة كصغر حجمها المتناهي واشكالها المختلفة يمَكنهم من استعمالها كمواد مضادة للبكتيريا في مختلف المجلات الطبية والصحية. تهدف هذه الدراسة الى التحري عن قدرة دقائق اوكسيد النحاس النانوية المصنعة بايولوجيا على تثبيط تكوين الغشاء الحيوي المنتج من قبل بكتيريا Proteus mirabilis. أنتجت هذه الدقائق بأستعمال راشح بكتيري يحتوي على الانزيمات المختزلة لملح النحاس واستخدمت عدة تقنيات لتحديد الصفات الفيزيائية المظهرية لدقائق النانو المنتجة حيث استخدمت تقنية XRD لتأكيد التركيب خماسي الشكل لهذه الدقائق , بينما استعملت تقنية TEM لتحديد قطر الجزيئات المنتجة بمعدل 84.45 نانومتر. اما FESEM فقد تم استخدامه لتحديد الصفات الخارجية لسطح جزيئات النانو المنتجة , تم تأكيد النتائج بأستخدام تقنية AFM للكشف عن توزيع و وعورة جزيئات النانو.اما UV فقد سجلت ااقصى امتصاصية على الطول الموجي nm287 .تم التحري في هذه الدراسة عن فعالية دقائق اوكسيد النحاس النانوية في منع تكون الغشاء الحيوي حيث أستعمل مستحلب دقائق اوكسيد النحاس النانوي بالتركيز تحت القاتل 32 μg/ml . سجلت نتائج هذه الدراسة انخفاضا ملحوضَا في انتاج الغشاء الحيوي للبكتريا المنتجه له حيث سجلت العزلات ذات الانتاجية العالية للغشاء الحيوي ضعفأ في الانتاج بعد معاملتها بالتركيز المستعمل من دقائق اوكسيد النحاس النانوية. جاء تأثير هذه الدقائق على كل من النمط الظاهري والتعبير الجيني لجين LuxS المسؤول عن تكوين الغشاء الحيوي بأستخدام تقنية rtPCRحيث سجلت الدراسة انخفاضا في التعبير الجيني لهذا الجين بعد معاملة سلالات البكتريا قيد الدراسة بدقائق اوكسيد النحاس النانوية مقارنتاً بالعزلات غير المعاملة. من خلال نتائج هذه التجربة يمكن التوصل الى امكانية اعتماد دقائق اوكسيد الزنك النانوية كعامل مضاد للبكتيريا عن استخدامه بالتركيز المناسب.

Characterization of zinc oxide and graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposites for use as a potential photoelectrode

In this research, two nanocomposites of zinc oxide and graphitic carbon nitride were obtained in a 1:0.15 ratio for potential use as photoelectrocatalysts. Calcination and the simple reflux method were used to obtain routes for synthesizing zinc oxide and graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposites. Subsequently, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy analyses were performed, from which it was determined that there is a strong interaction between zinc oxide and graphitic carbon nitride in both nanocomposites. Nevertheless, the nanocomposite that exhibited the most significant band gap reduction was obtained by calcination, reaching 2.93 eV.

Optical, Structural and Morphological Studies of ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized using Terminalia catappa Leaf Extract

This research aims to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles using Terminalia catappa leaf extract. The synthesis method used Terminalia catappa leaves as a reductor. Synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were characterized using UV-vis, XRD, SEM, and TEM. UV-vis spectroscopy of samples showed peak absorption in the 300-380 nm range. The results of XRD characterization show that the ZnO nanoparticles crystal structure is hexagonal wurtzite, where the highest peak of reflection occurs at the reflection angle 2θ=36.24 of the crystal plan (101). SEM characterization results refer to flower-shaped morphology with a size distribution between 392-423 nm. These findings reveal morphology insight into the photocatalytic of ZnO nano-flowers for the environment.

In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Green-Synthesized Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles Utilizing Extracts From Allium sativum.

The primary objective of this study was to develop an environmentally friendly and efficient method for synthesizing zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs), utilizing extracts from Allium sativum (garlic) plants, characterizing the synthesized ZnO NPs using various analytical techniques, and assessing their antibacterial and antioxidant properties. The synthesis process involved utilizing extracts from garlic plants to create ZnO NPs. The NPs were subjected to comprehensive characterization through UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Antibacterial properties were assessed against different microbial strains. In vitro antioxidant properties were evaluated through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assays. Bioactive compounds in the synthesized NPs were also identified. Analysis of the UV-visspectrum confirmed the synthesis of ZnO NPs with an approximate size of 280 nm, as indicated by the absorption peak in the surface plasmon resonance band. FTIR spectroscopy revealed the presence of functional groups such as hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. SEM analysis determined the dimensions of the NPs to be around 11 nm. XRD patterns exhibited distinct Bragg reflections, confirming specific crystallographic planes. In vitro antioxidant assays demonstrated a reduction in absorbance at 517 nm and 734 nm, indicating antioxidant activity. Antibacterial testing revealed inhibition zones against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans,and Enterococcus faecalis. The study successfully synthesized ZnO NPs using an eco-friendly method with garlic plant extracts. Characterization techniques confirmed the structural and chemical properties of the NPs. The synthesized NPsexhibited antioxidant and antibacterial activities, showcasing their potential for various applications. The identification of bioactive compounds further contributes to the understanding of the biological properties of the synthesized NPs.

High efficacy fluconazole loaded ZnO‐poly (vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite: Interpretive breakpoints for biological applications

AbstractNanotechnology, a versatile field, holds promise in diverse applications, such as advanced pharmaceutical techniques and innovative chemical compound fabrication. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has identified sepsis as a global health priority, attributing most sepsis‐related deaths to the underlying infection. Sepsis is a complex disease that manifests in various ways, depending on factors, such as pathogen involved, mode of transmission, and the patient's immune competence. This study focuses on synthesizing zinc oxide (ZnO) through an in‐situ precipitation method and employing a solution‐based technique to coat the inorganic ZnO nanomaterial with the antimicrobial drug fluconazole (FLZ), resulting in a FLZ‐ZnO composite. Further enhancement is achieved by modifying the composite with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to improve mechanical strength, physicochemical characteristics, and the interfacial network between ZnO and FLZ. Characterization through X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), particle size distribution (PSD), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) confirms the synthesized compounds are stoichiometric in nature. The FLZ‐ZnO‐PVA nanocomposite demonstrates significant antifungal activity against C. albicans and A. niger, as well as enhanced antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus evaluated through well diffusion technique. In vitro cellular compatibility assessment using the MTT assay with NIH‐3T3 cells reveals exceptional viability (above 75%) and negligible cytotoxicity at a concentration of 1.56 μg/mL, indicating high biosafety. The FLZ‐ZnO‐PVA nanocomposite exhibits outstanding biological performance, making it a promising candidate for clinical applications in preventing sepsis and prospective infections.Highlights Developments and preparation of FLZ‐ZnO‐PVA nanocomposite. FLZ‐ZnO‐PVA nanocomposite shows optimum antimicrobial activity. FLZ‐ZnO‐PVA shows cytotoxicity against the mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line. FLZ‐ZnO‐PVA could be used as a suitable material for treatment of sepsis.

Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO@ZrO2 nanohybrid for biomedical and photocatalytic applications

The present study was conducted to synthesize zinc oxide decorated on zirconium oxide (ZnO@ZrO2) nanohybrid synthesized through microwave-hydrothermal (MW-HT) method. Various analytical techniques were used to analyze the morphology, surface properties, constitution of hybrid, and elemental composition. Additionally, the anti-microbial activity of ZnO@ZrO2 nanohybrid was assessed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, hemolytic, anti-oxidant as well as anti-inflammatory assay. The hexagonal wurtzite phase of the ZnO was revealed by the XRD analysis. The experimental results reveal that the synergetic effect between the Zn and Zr active sites results an excellent biomedical activity. The ZnO@ZrO2 nanohybrid was successfully applied to the photocatalytic degradation of basic fuchsin (BF) dye within short period of time under visible light (VL) radiation. Moreover, the ZnO@ZrO2 nanohybrid exhibited an extraordinary performance for photocatalytic degradation of BF with a pseudo-first order rate constant (k) of ca. 0.1702 min−1, which was 2.5 and 1.8 fold compared to ZnO and ZrO2 photocatalysts. These results indicated that the ZnO@ZrO2 nanohybrid can be used as a potential biomaterial for bioengineering and photocatalytic applications.

Modified Ag-ZnO coated graphene oxide ternary composite for superior photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet dye under visible light irradiation

The enhancement of advanced nanomaterials into photocatalytic applications has preserved a significant curiosity for its potential to address environmental challenges. To address this concern, a green and eco-friendly catalyst was fabricated. In this study, we examined the enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of various synthesized composites with the modification of graphene oxide (GO) and Ag over the surface of semiconductor zinc oxide (ZnO). The simple wet chemical method was used for the synthesis of ZnO, GO(x)@ZnO, Ag2@ZnO and GO(x)Ag2-ZnO composites [x = 1,3,5 wt%]. The synthesized samples were characterized by different techniques such as XRD, SEM-EDS, DRS, Raman, and PL. Ternary GO5@Ag2-ZnO photocatalyst exhibited superior degradation efficiency up to 97 % in degrading crystal violet (CV) dye, a persistent and environmentally concerning pollutant under visible light irradiation. The significant photocatalytic activity was attributed to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon of Ag, whose broad absorption band was observed in DRS, better electron mobility, and a large surface area of GO facilitates the charge transfer. The highly efficient catalyst was effectively employed for five repeating cycles with only an 11 % decrease in removal rate, demonstrating that it can be easily reused. Kinetic study reveals that the prepared composite follows a pseudo-first-order reaction model with the highest rate constant value of 0.02491 min−1 respectively. The possible degradation pathway was determined using the HRMS technique.

Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Clove Oil Extract (Syzygium aromaticum) and Evaluate their Antibacterial Activity against MRSA

There is a crucial need for the development of effective antimicrobial agents due to the rising incidence of hospital-acquired bacterial infections caused by multidrug-resistant microbes, leading to significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Therefore, the current study aimed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (SaZnONPs) using clove extract through an environmentally friendly technique and to investigate their antibacterial activity against MRSA (Staphylococcus aureus). Clove extract acts as both a capping and reducing agent in the formation of ZnO-NPs. The formation of SaZnONPs was confirmed using various analytical techniques. Initially, clove extract was incubated with a zinc nitrate solution, and the subsequent change in color of the solution indicated the reduction of zinc nitrate ions to ZnO nanoparticles. UV-visible spectroscopy revealed a surface plasmon resonance band of SaZnONPs at 329.26 nm. Additionally, SEM imaging indicated that the nanoparticles had an average size of 41 nm and exhibited a spherical shape. The antibacterial activity of SaZnONPs was evaluated against MRSA using agar well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration assays. The phytochemicals present in clove extract facilitated the synthesis of stable ZnO-NPs, demonstrating promising antibacterial properties.

Impact of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles for treating dry rot in potato tubers

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) crops have experienced a 22% reduction due to attacks from microbial pathogens and pests. Dry rot disease occurred from risks in El-Minya governorate, Egypt, where potato is the major cultivated crop. Potato cultivar ‘Cara’ samples were collected from the markets of six regions in El-Minya for isolation. They were also tested for the application of biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) for disease management. The ability of Exserohilum rostratum to synthesize ZnONPs was documented via UV-visible, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Spherical shape and crystallite small size (51.0 ± 3.0 nm) were attributed to the created ZnONPs. The ZnONPs were applied in the bio-control of the causative agent (Fusarium nygamai) of dry rot disease and large economic loss of potato cv. ‘Cara’ productivity. The mycosynthesized ZnONPs by E. rostratum at 100 μg/ mL (3 mM) showed antifungal activity against F. nygamai with higher reducing value of mycelium growth diameter 2.0 ± 0.14 cm compared to Revanol 50%, traditional product with a diameter of 3.85 ± 0.10 cm. Overall, ZnONPs are an excellent agent that can be applied to repress the most common fungal disease of potato.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles exhibit anti-cancer activity against human cell lines

Zinc oxide nanoparticles have garnered tremendous interest in bio and nanomedical applications and more so in cancer research. In the present work, zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using the solution combustion method and characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM and EDX. The infrared spectrum of the synthesized nanoparticles had a peak at 547 cm−1 which indicated the elongation frequency of the zinc bond to oxygen. The XRD spectrum was confirmed with the ICDD Data Card No: 36-1451 for zinc oxide and the average size of zinc oxide nanoparticles was estimated to be 17.51 nm. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of zinc oxide nanoparticles as Zincite with a hexagonal structure having an average diameter of 30.95 nm. The DNA binding interactions of the nanoparticles were studied using the absorption titration method. The nanoparticles could bind via the non-intercalation mode with a binding efficiency of 3.563×105 M−1. The synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles exhibited cytotoxic activity against the mammalian cancer cell lines tested with the calculated IC50 values being 3.66 µgmL−1 for MCF-7 (Breast), 2.91 µgmL−1 for LN-18 (Glioblastoma–Brain), 23.14 µgmL−1 for A-549 (Lung) and 94.33 µgmL−1 for SHSY-5Y (Neuroblastoma–Bone). The highest cell death was observed for LN-18 glioblastoma cells of the brain. The study demonstrated a simple and conventional method of synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles that have demonstrated anticancer activity as evidenced by the in vitro cell viability assays. The outcome of this study could be applied to develop zinc oxide nanoparticles as anticancer agents with further validation in vivo.

Bio‐fabrication of Zinc oxide nanoparticles using Strobilanthes cordifolia: Characterization and evaluation of antioxidant, anti‐cholinergic, anti‐inflammatory and wound healing activities

AbstractStrobilanthes cordifolia has emerged as a promising material in traditional medicine. In this study, we have made an attempt to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles derived from S. cordifolia leaf. The team employed a wide range of techniques including UV, FT‐IR, XRD, FE‐SEM with EDAX, HR‐TEM with SAED, DLS, Zeta potential, BET and PZC analysis to thoroughly examine the properties of the NPs. FTIR analysis provided evidence of various functional groups within the NPs. XRD analysis demonstrated the crystal nature and phase purity of the NPs. SEM analysis showcased the spherical shape of the particles, while TEM revealed their rod‐like shape with sizes averaging at approximately 10 nm. DLS analysis indicated the average particle size, and the high zeta potential value confirmed the stability and BET analysis deciphered the specific surface area of the biosynthesized NPs. The NPs confirmed strong antioxidant properties with DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radicals. Enzyme studies confirmed good anti‐cholinergic activity and anti‐inflammatory efficacy, highlighting their potential therapeutic benefits. The NPs demonstrated promising wound healing properties. Overall, this research study sheds light on the medicinal aspects of zinc oxide nanoparticles from S. cordifolia leaf extract and it offers exciting prospects for future exploration and development in this field.

Colloidal stability and dielectric behavior of eco-friendly synthesized zinc oxide nanostructures from Moringa seeds

This study centers on the environmentally benign synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) derived from Zn (CH3COO)2·2H2O and Moringa seeds. The synthesized nanostructures underwent comprehensive characterization utilizing diverse analytical techniques, encompassing X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–VIS spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. XRD measurements coupled with W–H plot transformation unequivocally confirmed the formation of ZnO nanostructures, characterized by an average size of 24.9 nm. UV–VIS spectroscopy, complemented by Kubelka Munk curve analysis, elucidated the direct conduction and determined a bandgap of 3.265 eV. FESEM analysis revealed minimal particle aggregation, showcasing well-defined grain boundaries spanning sizes from 20.4 to 87.7 nm. XPS analysis substantiated the presence of Zn (2p), Zn (3p), Zn (3d), and O (1s). Raman spectroscopy identified E2H as the predominant mode, followed by E1(TO) and (E2H-E2L). ZnO thin films, fabricated via pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and deposited onto silicon (100) substrates, exhibited exemplary morphology and discernible topography, characterized by a normal grain size distribution. Zeta potential tests yielded a value of approximately (z\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\mathcalligra{z}$$\\end{document} ~ − 43.8 mV), indicative of the commendable stability of the colloidal suspension, likely attributable to low particle aggregation. Dielectric measurements conducted on sintered pellets at 900 °C unveiled elevated capacitance and dielectric constant at low frequencies across the temperature range of 289.935–310 K. These findings affirm the potential utility of environmentally synthesized ZnO for a spectrum of applications, including energy devices and nanofluids.

Retracted: Synthesis of Zinc Oxide (ZnO)-Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)-Chitosan-Farnesol Nanocomposites and Assessment of Their Anticancer Potential in Human Leukemic MOLT-4 Cell Line.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/5949086.].

Novel Chitosan-ZnO nanocomposites derived from Nymphaeaceae fronds for highly efficient removal of Reactive Blue 19, Reactive Orange 16, and Congo Red dyes

The primary aim of this investigation was to synthesise novel adsorbent by incorporating greenly synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles into chitosan matrix (G-ZnO-Cs). The production of ZnO Nanoparticles via a green approach involved the utilization of extracts derived from Nymphaeaceae fronds. This assertion was substantiated by the application of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analytical techniques. Several Analytical methods such as Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX), FESEM, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), XRD, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, and point-of-zero charge determination were used to characterize G-ZnO-Cs. Further study investigates the impact of five key processing parameters, namely pH, interaction duration, G-ZnO-Cs dosage, temperature, and initial concentration of dyes, on the removal of three organic dyes Reactive Blue 19 (RB 19), Reactive Orange 16 (RO 16), and Congo Red (CR) The adsorption process of Reactive Blue 19 (RB 19), Reactive Orange 16 (RO 16), and Congo Red (CR) dyes on G-ZnO-Cs were determined to comply to the pseudo-second-order (PSO) and Langmuir models, as determined through equilibrium and kinetic experiments. The highest adsorption capabilities for RB 19, RO 16 and CR dye were revealed to be 219.6 mg/g, 129.6 mg/g, and 118.8 mg/g, respectively. The elimination success rate of the fixed-bed column approach for treating huge volumes was highlighted in the conducted research. Moreover, the G-ZnO-Cs composite exhibited significant reusability due to its ability to undergo elution and simultaneous regeneration processes.

Utilizing Cymbopogon Proximus Grass Extract for Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanorod Needles in Dye Degradation Studies.

This study successfully synthesized zinc oxide nanorod needles (ZnO-NRNs) using an environmentally friendly method employing Cymbopogon Proximus extract. The resulting ZnO-NRNs exhibited exceptional physicochemical and structural properties, confirmed through various characterization techniques, including UV-Vis spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The analysis revealed a hexagonal wurtzite structure with high crystallinity, a 3.6 eV band gap, and a notably blue-shifted absorption band. ZnO-NRNs showed impressive photocatalytic activity, degrading Rhodamine B dye by 97% under UV and visible sunlight, highlighting their photostability and reusability. This green synthesis process offers cost effectiveness and environmental sustainability for practical applications.

Honey mediated synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles, and evaluation of antimicrobial, antibiofilm activities against multidrug resistant clinical bacterial isolates

The present work aims to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) via a greener approach using honey as a bio-reductant and stabilizing agent. The prepared nanoparticles were analysed by using UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), crystalline nature by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field electron scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), size distribution and zeta potential by dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. XRD patterns demonstrate the polycrystalline wurtzite structure for ZnONPs with an average zeta potential value of − 2.61 mV. Spherical and square-shaped nanostructures were affirmed using FE-SEM and TEM micrographs. The DPPH and ABTS assays revealed that ZnONPs possess antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 38 µg/mL and 6.38 µg/mL, respectively. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of ZnONPs performed against clinical strains of Gram negative bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Gram positive bacteria Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was assessed along with their antibiofilm activity. The evaluation of the integrity of the bacterial cell membrane with the leakge of cellular components, including nucleic acids and proteins, into the culture medium indicated that honey synthesized ZnONPs could function as potential antimicrobial agents.

Photocatalytic and antimicrobial studies of green synthesized Dy3+doped ZnO nanoparticles prepared from Rhododendron arboreum petal extract

In this study, the primary focus revolves around the synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) and dysprosium-doped zinc oxide (Dy-doped ZnO) nanoparticles utilizing a green chemistry approach, employing Rhododendron arboreum petal extract as a key component. A thorough characterization of nanoparticles has been carried out, involving a range of analytical techniques including UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), and fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The structural examination confirmed the persistent hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO nanoparticles, which remained unaltered even with Dy doping. The XPS analysis corroborated the presence of lattice oxygen in addition to confirming the presence of Dy3+ and Zn2+. The results indicated that the incorporation of Dy3+ ions replaces Zn2+ ions in host ZnO leading to an increase in the defects inside ZnO. Based on HRTEM images, the particle size was determined to be 31 nm for ZnO nanoparticles and 39 nm for Dy-doped ZnO nanoparticles. FESEM imaging unveils a morphology reminiscent of pebbles, and EDX spectra provide additional evidence of the presence of Zn, Dy, and O elements within the nanoparticles, which aligns with the findings from XPS. Subsequently, these synthesized nanoparticles were harnessed for the remediation of novacron brown, a textile dye. Additionally, nanoparticles were explored for their antibacterial and antifungal properties which highlight the considerable potential of these nanoparticles in these specific domains.

Fabrication of bioinspired keratin/sodium alginate based biopolymeric mat loaded with herbal drug and green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles as a dual drug antimicrobial wound dressing

Dual drug antibacterial wound dressings with biological materials possess crucial wound healing characteristics including biocompatibility, non-toxicity, degradability, mechanical strength and antibacterial properties. The study focusses on fabricating keratin (K)‑sodium alginate (A) based wound dressings by loading green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using C. roseus (leaf extract) and M. recutita (Chamomile flower part) herbal drug (CH) as a bioactive dual antibacterial wound dressing for the first time. The optimized ZnO NPs and CH exhibits strong physiochemical and electrostatic interactions (FT-IR, XRD and SEM) on the fabricated K-A-CH-ZnO biopolymeric mats. Moreover, the tiny porous network of the biopolymeric mat enhances thermal stability, hydrophilicity, mechanical strength and explores the water vapor transmission (2538.07 g/m2/day) and oxygen permeability (7.38 ± 0.31 g/m2) to maintain moist environment and cell-material interactions. During enzymatic degradation studies, ZnO NPs and CH of biopolymeric mat not only retains structural integrity but also increases the characteristic of swelling with sustained drug release (57 %) in 144 h which accelerates wound healing process. Also, K-A-CH-ZnO mat exhibited excellent antibacterial effects against B. subtilis and E. coli. Furthermore, NIH 3T3 fibroblast cell behavior using MTT assay and in vivo evaluations of biopolymeric mat depicted enhanced biocompatibility with increased collagen deposition at the wound site as a prominent dual drug medicated antimicrobial wound dressing.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Cissus quadrangularis. L stem mediated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary approach to scientific research that successfully collaborates with other science disciplines like agriculture, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and engineering. The synthesis of nanoparticle methods has also progressed from the classic chemical approach to the green synthesis method. The improved procedure of plant-mediated nanoparticle synthesis has been verified to be less hazardous to the environment, and its inexpensive cost of production adds to its attributes. With the world executing every function at the nanoscale, studying the role, mode of action and impacts of phytotherapeutic preparations combined with nanotechnology is critical. The Cissus quadrangularis stem is also employed in Ayurveda as an alternative, anthelmintic, dyspeptic, digestive, tonic, and analgesic in eye and ear illnesses and irregular menstruation, asthma, and back and spine problems. The current research attempted the green production and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles from the plant Cissus quadrangularis L stem. The GC-MS analysis identified the bioactive compounds in the stem of the plant extract. Long-chain fatty acids, phenols, sterols like stigmasterol, alkylating agents, triterpenoids like lupeol, amines, esters and unsaturated hydrocarbons were found in abundance in the zinc oxide nanoparticles extract of C. quadrangularis. The FTIR analysis revealed the presence of several functional groups like alcohol, esters, amines, halo compounds and carboxylic acid. The SEM analysis portrayed the size and shape of the synthesis zinc oxide nanoparticles in the range of 88 nm to 182 nm and was found to be spherical.