Synthesis Of Sol Research Articles

Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica Sol with Low Refractive Properties for Increasing Transmittance.

Currently, coating with anti-reflective materials is an attractive approach to improve the quality of screen-based displays. In this study, mesoporous silica particles were systematically synthesized as a function of surfactant (i.e., CTAC-cetyltrimethylammonium chloride) concentration to serve as main coating fillers possessing low refractive indices. Precisely changing the amount of the CTAC surfactant, silica sol with an average diameter of 50 nm exhibits distinctively different specific surface areas, pore size, and pore volume. Prior to the preparation of final coating solutions containing these silica particle fillers, the percentage of solid content was optimized on a glass slide. The use of 50 wt% solid content exhibited the highest transmittance of light. Among various content levels of silica sol, the use of 3.5 wt% of silica particles in the solid content displayed the highest transmittance (i.e., best anti-reflectiveness). Under the almost identical coating layers prepared with the fixed amount of silica particles possessing different surface areas, pore size, and pore volume, it appears that the largest pore volume played the most important role in improving the anti-reflective properties. Experimentally understanding the key feature of low-refractive filler materials under the optimized conditions could provide a clear view to develop highly effective anti-reflective materials for various display applications.

Direct Synthesis of Metal-Organic Framework Sols: Advances and Perspectives.

The intrinsic lack of processability in the conventional nano/microcrystalline powder form of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) greatly limits their application in various fields. Synthesis of MOFs with certain flowability make them promising for multitudinous applications. The direct synthesis strategy represents one of the simplest and efficient method for synthesizing solution processable MOF sols/suspensions, compared with other approaches, for instance, the post-synthesis surface modification, the direct dispersion of MOFs in hindered ionic liquids, as well as the calcination method toward a few MOFs with melting behavior. This article reviews the recent direct synthesis strategies of solution processable MOF sols and their typical applications in different fields. The direct synthesis strategies of MOF sols can be classified into two categories: particle size reduction strategy, and selective coordination strategy. The synthesis mechanism of different strategies and the factors affecting the formation of sols are summarized. The application of solution processable MOF sols in different fields are introduced, showing great application potentials. Furthermore, the challenges faced by the direct synthesis of MOF sols and the main methods to deal with the challenges are emphasized, and the future development trend is prospected.

Synthesis and Characterization of Sol–Gel‐Derived SiO2–CaO Particles: Size Impact on Glass (Bio)Properties

AbstractFour highly bioactive glasses in a binary SiO2–CaO system are prepared following a sol−gel method using Ca(OH)2 as a calcium precursor. In the synthesis of glass according to the modified Stöber method, Ca(OH)2 suspended in polyethylene glycol allows the elimination of the presence of calcite and the increase of ammonia concentration causes formation of spherical particles with different sizes in the range of 26–266 nm. The relation among the size and properties, including bioactivity, of the glass particles is evaluated. New glasses that vary in composition (10–25 wt% CaO), porosity (15–113 m2 g−1), and hydroxyl groups content greatly enhance the formation process of hydroxyapatite (HA) in simulated physiological fluids. For all glasses, superior apatite‐mineralization ability in time as short as 2 h in the physiological‐like buffer is achieved, thus exceeding the bioactivity of the known bioactive glasses, including 45S5 glass (Bioglass). The assessment of the safety and toxicity profile of the obtained glasses is verified in a wide range of concentrations (1–1000 µg mL−1) against human dermal fibroblasts and MC3T3 mouse osteoblast precursors, but also to human erythrocytes by determining hemocompatibility. Two glasses of different sizes, 73 and 266 nm, are promising and warrant further research.

Low-temperature sol–gel methods for the integration of crystalline metal oxide thin films in flexible electronics

The development of low-temperature sol–gel (solution) processes for the fabrication of crystalline metal oxide thin films has become a key objective in the emerging Flexible Electronics. To achieve this target, crystalline oxide films need to be deposited on flexible substrates, which have degradation temperatures below 350 °C (e.g., polymers or textile). This achievement would be a step towards improving the performance of the flexible device, making feasible applications now restrained (e.g. smart-skin, flexible-displays or solar-cells) and whose performance is associated to the functional properties of the crystalline oxide (e.g., ferroelectricity, pyroelectricity or piezoelectricity). However, this is a challenge because the crystallization of these oxides usually occurs at high temperatures, over 600 °C. This paper shows an overview to the solution strategies devised in our group for the low-temperature fabrication of crystalline metal oxide thin films, mostly ferroelectric perovskites (e.g., BiFeO3, PbTiO3 or Pb(Zr,Ti)O3). We have made use of UV-light as an alternative energy source to the thermal energy conventionally used to obtain the crystalline oxide. High photosensitive sol–gel solutions have been synthesized and the solution-deposited layers irradiated with UV-excimer lamps. A precise control of the photoreactions occurring during the irradiation of these layers has been carried out with the aim of advancing the formation of a high-densified, defect-free amorphous metal oxide film that easily can be converted into crystalline at temperatures compatible with the use of polymer substrates.Graphical An overview to the solution strategies devised in our group for the low-temperature fabrication of crystalline metal oxide thin films, mostly ferroelectric perovskites, is shown in this article. UV-light is used as an alternative energy source to the conventional thermal energy used to obtain crystalline oxide thin films. These solution strategies are based in the synthesis of high photosensitive sol–gel solutions and the irradiation of the solution-deposited layers with UV-excimer lamps under controlled irradiation atmospheres. A precise control of the photoreactions occurring in the system during the irradiation process has been carried out, with the aim of advancing the formation of high-densified, defect-free amorphous metal oxide films able to be converted into crystalline at temperatures compatible with the use of polymer substrates. This makes possible the integration of these advanced materials in the emerging Flexible Electronics.

Synthesis and Characterization of Sol–Gel Screen Printed Zn:CdO (ZCO) Film for Optoelectronic Technologies

In present report on Zn doped (5%) CdO thick film is synthesized on to the glass substrate (pre-cleaned) via sol–gel screen printing process. The synthesized sintered Zn:CdO film are then characterized via XRD, SEM, EDX, UV–vis spectroscopy, PL spectroscopy, and dark conductivity measurement examinations. The XRD examination of sintered film informs the polycrystalline nature and authenticates that Zn:CdO film holds the cubic crystalline structure. SEM examination dispenses the information on morphology of Zn:CdO film. The EDX examination supports the existence of Cd, O, and Zn in the sintered film. The UV–vis spectroscopy via reflectance mode substantiates the direct transition of band gap with a value of 2.60 eV. PL spectra of the sintered film manifest a strong near band edge emission located around 500 nm. The Arrhenius plot (log σDC vs 1000/T) attests the semiconducting nature for the sintered film.

L-Cysteine and N-acetyl-L-cysteine-mediated synthesis of nanosilver-based sols and hydrogels with antibacterial and antibiofilm properties.

The need of the synthesis of a new generation of medicines aimed at combating bacteria and biofilms that cause various infections is a great urgency. There has been a gradual decrease in the conventional techniques of treatment with the use of antibiotics. Consequently, much effort has focused on the search for new methods and approaches to obtain antibacterial drugs and determine their rational use such that microorganisms do not acquire resistance. Although silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) have exhibited certain levels of effectiveness against multidrug-resistant bacteria and biofilms, there are very few simple, cheap and easy-to-scale methods to obtain AgNPs and AgNCs with well-desired characteristics. In this study, we carried out the one-pot synthesis of sols and gels containing AgNPs and AgNCs using only L-cysteine (CYS) or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), as bioreducing/capping/gel-forming agents, and different silver salts - nitrate, nitrite and acetate. HRTEM, SAED, EDX mapping, AFM, SEM, EDX, ICP-MS and FTIR spectroscopy analysis confirmed the formation of spherical/elliptical CYS-AgNP and NAC-AgNC particles consisting of AgNPs or AgNCs "core" and CYS/Ag+ or NAC/Ag+ complexes "shell" with mean average diameters of 10 and 5 nm, respectively. UV-Vis spectroscopy fixed the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) at 390-420 nm for the CYS-AgNPs systems and LSPR absence for the NAC-AgNCs ones. DLS and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) data indicated that the mean average diameter of the particles is about 80 nm for the CYS-AgNPs systems and 20 nm for the NAC-AgNCs ones. The Zeta potential measurements showed that the particles possess positive and negative charge values for CYS-AgNPs and NAC-AgNCs systems, respectively. The prepared materials demonstrated the high antibacterial activity against the most common types of bacteria at the MIC range of 10-100 μM, wherein the effect of the NAC-AgNCs systems is 2 times stronger than that of the CYS-AgNPs ones. Both systems are non-toxic or have low-toxicity at 300 μM for normal human cells: erytrocytes, fibroblasts and macrophages. Sols and hydrogels in the concentration range of 20-40 μM showed the complete inhibition of the formation of biofilms from Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which belong to the ESKAPE pathogenes group and represent the most serious problem in practical medicine. NAC-AgNCs systems were the most active. The simple strategy of the preparation of AgNP/AgNC-based sols and gels, along with their pronounced antibacterial and antibiofilm activity, could open new perspectives for its applications in medicine.

Silicic Acid Polymerization and SiO2 Nanoparticle Growth in Hydrothermal Solution.

The approach of numerical simulation of orthosilicic acid OSA polymerization and SiO2 nanoparticle formation in hydrothermal solution have been developed based on the model of the homogeneous stage of nucleation and the subsequent growth of particles. The influence of surface tension on the interface of SiO2–water, the rate of molecular deposition, and Zeldovich factor Z were evaluated. Temperature dependence on time, pH, initial OSA concentration, and ionic strength are the main parameters that determine the kinetics of colloid phase formation, the final average size of SiO2 nanoparticles, and the particle size distribution and its polydispersity index. The results of the numerical simulation were verified with experimental data on OSA polymerization and measurement of nanoparticles sizes using the method of dynamic light scattering in a wide range of temperatures of 20–180 °C, pH = 3–9, SiO2 content Ct of 300–1400 mg/kg, and ionic strength Is of 0.0001–0.42 mol/kg. The results obtained can be used in the technology of hydrothermal synthesis of sols, gels, and nanopowders to regulate the kinetics of OSA polymerization and SiO2 nanoparticle growth, particle size distribution, morphology, and structure of products.

Hydrothermal synthesis of monoclinic zirconia sol

AbstractIn this study, we demonstrate a synthetic method of zirconia sol using ZrO(NO3)2·xH2O as Zr4+ precursor, tetramethylammonium hydroxide as mineralizer, and oxalic acid as a complexing agent. X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and UV–vis adsorption spectroscopy were used to characterize the nanocrystals. The effect of oxalic acid content on the growth of zirconia nanocrystals was investigated. Zirconia sol cannot be synthesized without oxalic acid. The oxalic acid content has no obvious effect on the phase formation of monoclinic zirconia. The transparent and monoclinic zirconia sol with particle size <10 nm was synthesized. This provides a new hydrothermal system for the synthesis of zirconia sol.

Green synthesis of zinc sulfide-reduced graphene oxide composite and its application in sodium-ion batteries

A green chemistry synthesis of a sodium-ion battery (SIB) anode is described. The anode comprises nanometric Sphalerite (ZnS) film, coated uniformly on reduced graphene oxide. Compliance of an energy storage component with sustainability goals requires the following attributes: i) exclusive use of abundant and non-toxic raw materials; ii) energy-minimized processing that uses cheap materials of construction, and involves a minimal waste generation, and no hazardous wastes, and iii) high energy efficiency without compromising power performance. Only low-cost, abundant raw materials are used in this synthesis: zinc acetate, 1 wt% hydrogen peroxide solution, and in-situ generated hydrogen sulfide. The synthesis protocol is based on hydrogen peroxide sol-gel (HPSG) processing, i.e. synthesis of zinc peroxide sol followed by a delicate pH change to deposit the zinc peroxide on dispersed graphene oxide. HPSG is a wet-chemistry process that does not rely on energy-rich hydrothermal/solvothermal steps, water or solvent evaporation, or the use of dispersing organic solvents, and the zinc precursor is fully converted to ZnS. We show film deposition from as low as 1 wt% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution. The anode exhibits excellent electrochemical characteristics: 550 mAh g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 after 150 cycles between 0 and 2.5 V vs. Na reference, and a high-rate capability of 420 mAh g −1 at 2 A g −1 (ca 5 C rate). Despite being a conversion type anode, ZnS exhibits similar voltage hysteresis (and energy efficiency) to tin sulfide - graphene-oxide composite, a conversion-alloying anode. Despite being a SIB anode, it compares favorably with the Fe 3 O 4 and MnO LIB conversion anodes, commended for their high energy efficiency. SYNOPSIS: A green chemistry synthesis of a sodium ion battery anode based on ZnS-rGO. • A green chemistry synthesis of a sodium ion battery anode based on ZnS-rGO. • ZnS-rGO anode revealed a high specific capacitance of 543 mAh g −1 . • Anodes show lower voltage hysteresis, higher 1st cycle discharging–charging efficiency.

In situ synthesis of monolithic sol–gel polyethylene glycol-based sorbent encapsulated in porous polypropylene microextraction capsules and its application for selective extraction of antifungal and anthelmintic drugs from human urine

Herein, a monolithic sol–gel polyethylene glycol-based sorbent (PEG) has been in situ synthesized within two conjoined porous polypropylene microextraction capsules and subsequently applied for the microextraction of triazoles and benzimidazoles drugs from human urine. A cylindrical bar magnet was incorporated into the device, offering the ability of spinning when it is placed in a magnetic field resulting in a stand-alone “all-in-one” extraction device. Among other sorbent tested, the sol–gel PEG 300 coated microextraction capsules were found to be beneficial for the extraction of the target analytes. The analysis of the drugs was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography and photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA). Detailed investigation of the main parameters that affect the extraction performance (i.e., dimensions of the microextraction capsules, sample volume, extraction time, ionic strength, stirring rate, elution time, type of eluent, volume of eluent) was conducted to find the optimum conditions for the extraction procedure. The method was thoroughly validated using the total-error concept. The β-expectation tolerance intervals did not exceed the acceptance criteria of ± 15% meaning that 95% of future results will be included in the defined bias limits. The lower limits of quantitation (LLOQs) of the method were adequate, corresponding to 0.1 and 0.25 μg mL−1 for triazoles and benzimidazoles, respectively. The mean analytical bias in the spiking levels was satisfactory, ranging between ─ 3.8 to + 6.7 % while the relative standard deviation (RSD) was lower than 5.6 %. Finally, the sol–gel PEG 300 encapsulated microextraction capsules were found to be reusable for at least 15 extraction cycles. The developed approach was successfully applied in the analysis of the selected drugs in urine samples.

Synthesis and characterization of sol–gel derived LaFe0.5Mn0.5O3 perovskite powders for dye-sensitized solar cell applications

Synthesis and characterization of sol–gel derived LaFe0.5Mn0.5O3 perovskite powders for dye-sensitized solar cell applications

Sol-gel research in China: a brief history and recent research trends in synthesis of sol-gel derived materials and their applications.

The sol–gel process has become a rapidly growing research area in materials science. A variety of materials prepared via sol–gel routes have shown unique properties and characteristics that are difficult to achieve using conventional methods. In recent years, tremendous progress in sol–gel R&D has been made not only in the world but also in China. Here, this review provides a retrospective overview of the sol–gel history in China and summarizes recent progress and applications of sol–gel research in Chinese universities, institutes, and industries. It highlights some of the recent developments published by Chinese researchers in the last 5 years, ranging from the sol–gel synthesis of nanomaterials, bulk materials, and functional coatings, to their applications in the fields of energy conversion, energy storage, photocatalysis, etc. It is evident that sol–gel technology nowadays in China has evolved into a vibrant research area both in academia and industry. Graphical abstract

Synthesis of size-controlled boehmite sols: application in high-performance hydrogen-selective ceramic membranes

Microporous Si–Ta membrane fabrication via CVD is studied with emphasis on the formation of graded and defectless γ-Al2O3 intermediate layers using size-controlled boehmite sols. The membrane shows excellent H2 selectivity and hydrothermal stability.

Synthesis and characterization of sol–gel derived hydroxyapatite from a novel mix of two natural biowastes and their potentials for biomedical applications

The surge in meat and fish processing in Nigeria has resulted in a significant increase in biowaste production and these wastes can be salvaged, allowing for the extraction of calcium phosphates and a reduction in solid waste in the concerned industries. These biowastes, particularly animal bones and fish bones can be used as the precursors for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAp), a very popular member of the family of calcium phosphates. In this present study, for the first time, we report the utilization of animal bone biowaste and catfish bone biowaste in mixed proportions to produce hydroxyapatite by using the sol–gel synthesis protocol. The conversion of the as-received deproteinized biowastes was conducted by calcining the powders independently at 900 °C, followed by a chemical mixing process (sol–gel) of the mixed powders in specified proportions (C100, BC 75/25, BC 50/50, BC 25/75, and B 100: C-catfish bones and B: animal bones). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to analyze the samples, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis were used to investigate the structure, size, and elemental composition of the derived mixed and stand-alone powders. The sample BC 50/50 exhibited a higher degree of crystallinity and a mean crystallite size of 80.42% and 27.3 nm, respectively. EDS analysis showed that the atomic Ca/P ratios of the as-synthesized HAp samples ranged from 2.379, to 3.10.The obtained products are Mg containing except for the BC 75/25 with B 100 having a higher Mg wt% of 1.538 and lowest reactivity potential by reason of its lowest crystallite size. Thus, sample B100 can be of higher potential for biomedical applications.

Influence of Pr3+ doping on the synthesis of colloidal sols and nanoparticulate TiO2 xerogels and their photocatalytic activity

Newtonian nanoparticulate TiO2 sols without and with Pr3+ doping (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 mol%) were synthesized by the aqueous colloidal sol-gel method, next elucidating that the Pr3+ doping increasingly retards their peptization while makes them more viscous at high doping contents. Subsequently, undoped and Pr3+-doped TiO2 xerogels were obtained by drying the colloidal sols, demonstrating that they crystallize as tiny nanocrystals of anatase with some brookite, with the Pr3+ cations in substitutional solid solution within the TiO2 crystal lattice. It was also shown that moderate calcination (i.e., at 400–500 °C) causes only a slight nanocrystal growth, and a minor transformation to rutile in the xerogels with lowest Pr3+ doping proportions (i.e., ≤1 mol%). Finally, a preliminary study of the photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet-visible light irradiation of the undoped and Pr3+-doped TiO2 xerogels calcined at 400 °C for 10 min was performed. The xerogel doped with 0.5 mol% Pr3+ and calcined at 400 °C ranks first and that those with Pr3+ doping proportion above 1 mol% behave worse than the undoped one. Also, calcination at 500 °C was found to worsen the photocatalytic activity. The photocatalysis observations were rationalized on the basis of the dependence of the polymorph composition, crystal size, bandgap, and specific surface area as a function of the dopant content.

Synthesis of stable sols based on titanium dioxide, silicon and metal ion for use in photocatalysis

The paper presents the study of physicochemical processes occurring during the preparation of film-forming solutions, as well as the effect of the component composition on the stability of film-forming solutions over time. Compositions of stable film-forming solutions of TBT, TBT-TEOS, TBT-TEOS-AgNO3 suitable for the formation of thin-film coatings have been developed, and the time periods of stability of rheological properties have been determined. It was found that the addition of tetrabutoxytitanium after the establishment of chemical equilibrium in the solution increases the stability of the film-forming solutions. Optimization of the method of solutions preparation for obtaining films with reproducible physicochemical properties has been carried out.

A new gold nanoflower sol SERS method for trace iodine ion based on catalytic amplification

As one of the essential trace elements in metabolism, iodine is crucial to maintain the normal physiological functions. Therefore, based on health and environmental protection, it is very important to realize sensitive detection of iodide ion. Herein, we developed a simple, rapid and sensitive method for the determination of iodide ion. Trypsin was used as an ideal template for the synthesis of gold nanoflower sol (AuNFs) with anisotropic surface structure and good stability. It exhibits highly active surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect and can be used as facile SERS sol substrate. The TMBox generated by the catalytic oxidation reaction of TMB-chloramine T-iodide ion is used as the SERS probe. The enhanced SERS signal intensity is linearly related to the iodide ion with high sensitivity. In addition, TMB has fluorescence effect, and the colored TMBox can produce RRS signal due to polymerization. Based on this, a quad-mode detection method of SERS, RRS, fluorescence and colorimetry for quantitative detection of trace iodide ions was established, and this method can be applied to the detection of iodide ions in natural water and drinking water.

The facile synthesis of aerogel-like alumina highly-loaded with gold nanoparticles

A facile approach is proposed for the stabilization of gold nanoparticles within alumina matrix based on fast coprecipitation of colloidal gold and alumina sol in the supercritical carbon dioxide used as antisolvent. Acetylacetone was used as a stabilizer agent for the synthesis of alumina sol. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized from HAuCl4 directly in liquid alumina sol in reaction with acetylacetone. Acetylacetone played the role of both a stabilizer agent for gold nanoparticles and a reducing agent. Obtained system is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and UV–Vis adsorption spectroscopy. The method allows us to synthesize aerogel-like alumina highly loaded with gold nanoparticles firmly fixed on oxide surface and uniformly distributed within alumina matrix. The proposed approach combines sol-gel and supercritical fluid methods for the synthesis and opens the wide prospects for preparation composites consisting of gold nanoparticles in oxide matrix with a uniform distribution. These gold-bearing systems may be of interest to a wide range of applications.

Experimental and Theoretical Studies on Sustainable Synthesis of Gold Sol Displaying Dichroic Effect.

Gold nanoparticles depending on their shape and mixtures of multiple shapes can exhibit peculiar optical properties, including the dichroic effect typical of the Lycurgus cup, which has puzzled scientists for a long time. Such optical properties have been recently exploited in several fields such as paint technology, sensors, dichroic polarizers, display (LCD) devices, laser applications, solar cells and photothermal therapy among others. In this article, we have demonstrated a simple room temperature one-pot synthesis of gold sol displaying a dichroic effect using a slow reduction protocol involving only trisodium citrate as a reducing agent. We found that the dichroic gold sol can be easily formed at room temperature by reducing gold salt by trisodium citrate below a certain critical concentration. The sol displayed an orangish-brown color in scattered/reflected light and violet/blue/indigo/purple/red/pink in transmitted light, depending on the experimental conditions. With minor changes such as the introduction of a third molecule or replacing a small amount of water in the reaction mixture with ethanol, the color of the gold sol under transmitted light changed and a variety of shades of red, pink, cobalt blue, violet, magenta and purple were obtained. The main advantage of the proposed method lies in its simplicity, which involves the identification of the right ratio of the reactants, and simple mixing of reactants at room temperature with no other requirements. TEM micrographs displayed the formation of two main types of particles viz. single crystal gold nanoplates and polycrystalline faceted polyhedron nanoparticles. The mechanism of growth of the nanoplates and faceted polyhedron particles have been described by an enhanced diffusion limited aggregation numerical scheme, where it was assumed that both trisodium citrate and the gold ions in solution undergo a stochastic Brownian motion, and that the evolution of the entire system is regulated by a principle of energy minimization. The predictions of the model matched with the experiments with a good accuracy, indicating that the initial hypothesis is correct.

Synthesis and Characterization of Mesoporous Mg- and Sr-Doped Nanoparticles for Moxifloxacin Drug Delivery in Promising Tissue Engineering Applications.

Mesoporous silica-based nanoparticles (MSNs) are considered promising drug carriers because of their ordered pore structure, which permits high drug loading and release capacity. The dissolution of Si and Ca from MSNs can trigger osteogenic differentiation of stem cells towards extracellular matrix calcification, while Mg and Sr constitute key elements of bone biology and metabolism. The aim of this study was the synthesis and characterization of sol–gel-derived MSNs co-doped with Ca, Mg and Sr. Their physico-chemical properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), Brunauer Emmett Teller and Brunauer Joyner Halenda (BET/BJH), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and ζ-potential measurements. Moxifloxacin loading and release profiles were assessed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) cell viability on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts and their hemolytic activity in contact with human red blood cells (RBCs) at various concentrations were also investigated. Doped MSNs generally retained their textural characteristics, while different compositions affected particle size, hemolytic activity and moxifloxacin loading/release profiles. All co-doped MSNs revealed the formation of hydroxycarbonate apatite on their surface after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) and promoted mitochondrial activity and cell proliferation.