Synthesis Of Nanosilica Research Articles

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanosilica-Coated Antibiotics, TAP: A Comprehensive Study Utilizing XRD, EDS, FTIR, SEM, and TEM – Invitro Study

Abstract Aim: To synthesize nanosilica and investigate its properties, focusing on its interaction with antibiotics, particularly triple antibiotic paste (TAP). Various analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), were employed. Materials and Methods: The synthesis of nanosilica involved the meticulous combination of ammonia, ethanol, water, and tetraethyl orthosilicate in a sterile conical flask, followed by centrifugation and drying. Nanosilica was further explored by being combined with antibiotics, including doxycycline, Flagyl, and ciprofloxacin, to create novel antibiotic-coated variants. These combinations were subjected to various analytical techniques to assess their properties. Results: The FTIR spectra of silica nanoparticles revealed specific peaks associated with silicon-oxygen bonds and siloxane structures. Nanosilica coated with antibiotics exhibited distinctive peaks indicating the presence of organic components and Si-O-Si bonds, offering insights into their potential applications in drug delivery systems. SEM images displayed uniformly dispersed spherical particles, while TEM images and histograms provided valuable data about the size distribution of nanosilica, essential for applications like drug delivery. XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of silica nanoparticles and offered insights into their crystallographic structure. Conclusion: This comprehensive study showed the synthesis and characterization of nanosilica and its antibiotic-coated variants, with a particular focus on TAP. The findings contribute to our understanding of their structural and compositional properties, providing potential avenues for applications in diverse scientific and technological fields, including drug delivery and nanotechnology.

Biomimetic Synthesis of Nanosilica by Deep Learning‐Designed Peptides and Its Anti‐UV Application

The silicifying peptide R5 (H‐SSKKSGSYSGSKGSKRRIL‐OH) derived from diatoms is extensively investigated, but the mechanism underlying silica synthesis by R5 or R5‐alike peptides is still poorly understood, limiting the design of silicifying peptides Herein, machine learning techniques are used to design peptides with silicifying functionality. Utilizing a comprehensive dataset of peptides and their corresponding silicification outcomes, a deep learning model based on antimicrobial peptide migration learning is created. This model exhibits the remarkable capability to accurately predict peptide sequences with a high potential for facilitating silica formation. A selection of artificially designed peptides can catalyze the biomimetic synthesis of nanosilica, some of which demonstrate better catalytic activity with a wider pH range and faster reaction rate compared with the peptide R5. Additionally, the designed peptide is used to wrap the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum with nanosilica coatings, resulting in a significant enhancement in the UV resistance of cells. The new silicified peptides are highly significant for advancing the understanding of the silica synthesis mechanism in diatoms, and the encapsulation of P. tricornutum has potential benefits in the development of new biosensors.

Synthesis and characterization of nano-silica from locally available laterite clay

Abstract The synthesis of nano-silica is gaining the attention of researchers due to its numerous applications in various fields such as medicine, the food industry, catalysis, agriculture and construction, amongst others, because of its unique physicochemical features. However, achieving its facile synthesis and finding inexpensive source material that is locally available requires further exploration for its large-scale production. This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of nano-silica from locally available laterite clay using the sol-gel method. The product was analysed using X-ray florescence, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It was observed that the product was spherical, agglomerated and amorphous in nature. The obtained nano-silica was found to have 97% and 95% purity for sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, respectively. The synthesized nano-silica is expected to play pivotal role as a pozzolanic activator in the construction industry.

Nanosilica polyamidoamine dendrimers for enhanced direct air CO2 capture.

Exploring efficient systems to recover CO2 from the atmosphere could be a way to address the global carbon emissions issue. Herein, we report the synthesis of nanosilica (NS) functionalized with polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers (NS-PAMAM) as efficient adsorbents for CO2 capture under simulated direct air capture (DAC) (400 ppm CO2 in helium at 30 °C) and indoor air (≥400 ppm, 50 ± 3% RH at 30 °C) conditions. The results inferred that the 1st (NS-G1.0), 2nd (NS-G2.0), 3rd (NS-G3.0), and 4th (NS-G4.0) generations of the NS-PAMAM dendrimers exhibited excellent performance for CO2 capture. Compared to the other generations, NS-G3.0 demonstrated superior CO2 adsorption capacities of 0.50 mmol g-1 under simulated dry CO2 conditions (400 ppm in He), 1.02 mmol g-1 under indoor air (dry) CO2 conditions (≥400 ppm, 26 ± 3% RH), and 1.54 mmol g-1 under indoor air (humid) CO2 conditions (≥400 ppm, 50 ± 3% RH). The study included the evaluation of CO2 adsorption-desorption performance of the NS-PAMAM dendrimers under varying structural and chemical parameters, kinetics, regeneration at low temperature (80 °C), as well as CO2 adsorption under humid conditions. Additionally, NS-G3.0 displayed a substantially superior performance with stable CO2 capture displayed during ten short temperature swing adsorption (TSA) cycles, making it a promising candidate for CO2 capture from ambient air. Finally, we demonstrated the recovery and reutilization of the captured CO2 for both the synthesis of formate via carbonate hydrogenation and for the production of calcium carbonate pellets.

Phase behavior of multi-stimuli-responsive ionic liquids-based micro-emulsion and its application in nano silica synthesis and curcumin encapsulation

The enrichment and separation of trace compounds, as well as the preparation of nanomaterials, are all greatly facilitated by responsive micro-emulsion. A multi stimuli-responsive ionic liquids-based micro-emulsion system was established with alkyl-N-Tropine (trans) P-methoxycinnamate ([CnTr][PMCA], TILS) as a surfactant. The factors affecting the phase behavior of micro-emulsion, such as the structure of the TILS, cosurfactant, oil, temperature, pH, and salinity, were investigated by multiple research methods. Five zones were identified inside the micro-emulsion phase region as O/W, B.C., liquid crystal (L.C.), L.C.+B.C., and W/O. The TILS-based micro-emulsion displayed high stability at measured temperatures. High salinity contributed to a higher water solubilization capacity of the micro-emulsion. For the potential applications of the micro-emulsion, with sizes ranging from 20 to 70 nm, nanoscale silica particles showed persistent stability. High levels of drug loading rate (about 8.6 mg·g−1) and encapsulation efficiency (about 99%) of the micro-emulsion loaded with curcumin were attained.

Synthesis of nano-silica as a promising route of recycling phosphate waste rocks and its incorporation in mortars

This article is devoted to the synthesis of nano-silica from phosphate waste rocks as a promising route of recycling these silica-rich phosphate by-products. Furthermore, their reactivity potential will be investigated while incorporating them as nano-additive and as a partial replacement to cement in the conventionally used recipes of mortars. It has been shown that the synthesized nano-silica has a higher level of purity and a large specific surface area, which is about 8 times higher than the initial raw material. Various formulations of mortars were tested after adding different percentages of nano-silica to the ordinarily used recipe, at a constant water-to-cement ratio, and their microstructure, mineralogical composition, and mechanical properties were investigated. It was shown that compressive strength and flexural strength increased, and the fluidity of the mortars decreased when the ratio of nano-silica increased from 1% to 5%.

Synthesis of Rice Husk Nanosilica using the Hydrothermal Method

Synthesis of rice husk nanosilica was carried out using hydrothermal methods at various temperatures and times and their characteristics. The stages of synthesis include sample preparation, nanosilica synthesis, and characteristics. The reaction temperature variations used are 120°C, 150°C, and 180°C, and the reaction time is 2 hours, 4 hours, and 6 hours then titrated using sulfuric acid until it reaches pH 7-8. XRF analysis results showed silica (SiO2) content of rice husk ash at 98.31%. Synthesized nanosilica has the largest particle size of 27.44 nm at a temperature of 180°C for 6 hours and the smallest size of 15.40 nm at a reaction temperature of 120°C and a reaction time of 6 hours. The nanosilica produced is multiphase, which is cristobalite, quartz, and coesite phases.

Green synthesis of nano-silica from olivine rock and its impact on the mechanical performance of geopolymer concrete composites

Green synthesis of nano-silica from olivine rock and its impact on the mechanical performance of geopolymer concrete composites

Structure Regulation of Sodium Ion on Nanosilica Growth Visualized Using 29Si Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Understanding the action mechanism of sodium ions in sodium silicate solutions is necessary for the synthesis of nanosilica. The microstructure of sodium silicate solutions with SiO2:Na2O ratios ranging from 2 to 4 was characterized by 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and the magnetic shielding tensor of the nuclear magnetic field was calculated using the density functional theory. Sodium ions contribute significantly to the magnetic shielding tensor, thereby playing a key role in the structural evolution of sodium silicate solution species. Wave function analysis was used to further study the mechanism of action of sodium ions. Theoretical calculation results show that Na not only affects the magnetic shielding and regulates the splitting and change of NMR peaks but also regulates the aggregation-free energy and growth morphology of silica nanoparticles. Thus, the structural regulation of sodium ions on nanosilica growth and aggregation was proposed. Magnetic shielding caused by partial symmetry disappears with the reduction of sodium ions in the system, resulting in uniform magnetic shielding. Meanwhile, the anisotropic aggregation free energy of microscopic particles tends to be isotropically distributed, resulting in the spherical growth tendency of the nanosilica particles. Small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy were used to verify these conclusions. In this work, we adopted the leading quantum chemical computational methods with advanced computer technology and quantum chemical methods to research the microscopic effect of sodium ions during nanosilica growth, thereby overcoming the limitations of the analytical experience and paradigm established with traditional organic chemistry and providing important theoretical reference value for the field of spectral systems and characterization measurement methods. At the same time, the reasonable mechanism of action is proposed, which greatly expands the product application field of nanosilica.

Technologies of Sol-Gel Synthesis of Nanosilica as a Modifier of Cement-Based Materials. Foresight analysis

Technologies of Sol-Gel Synthesis of Nanosilica as a Modifier of Cement-Based Materials. Foresight analysis

Synthesis of Nanosilica for the Removal of Multicomponent Cd2+ and Cu2+ from Synthetic Water: An Experimental and Theoretical Study.

Copper and cadmium ions are among the top 120 hazardous chemicals listed by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) that can bind to organic and inorganic chemicals. Silica is one of the most abundant oxides that can limit the transport of these chemicals into water resources. Limited work has focused on assessing the applicability of nanosilica for the removal of multicomponent metal ions and studying their interaction on the surface of this adsorbent. Therefore, this study focuses on utilizing a nanosilica for the adsorption of Cd2+ and Cu2+ from water. Experimental work on the single- and multi-component adsorption of these ions was conducted and supported with theoretical interpretations. The nanosilica was characterized by its surface area, morphology, crystallinity, and functional groups. The BET surface area was 307.64 m2/g with a total pore volume of 4.95×10-3 cm3/g. The SEM showed an irregular amorphous shape with slits and cavities. Several Si-O-Si and hydroxyl groups were noticed on the surface of the silica. The single isotherm experiment showed that Cd2+ has a higher uptake (72.13 mg/g) than Cu2+ (29.28 mg/g). The multicomponent adsorption equilibrium shows an affinity for Cd2+ on the surface. This affinity decreases with increasing Cu2+ equilibrium concentration due to the higher isosteric heat from the interaction between Cd and the surface. The experimental data were modeled using isotherms for the single adsorption, with the Freundlich and the non-modified competitive Langmuir models showing the best fit. The molecular dynamics simulations support the experimental data where Cd2+ shows a multilayer surface coverage. This study provides insight into utilizing nanosilica for removing heavy metals from water.

Large-Scale Synthesis of Nanosilica from Silica Sand for Plant Stimulant Applications.

Nanosilica is a versatile nanomaterial suitable as, e.g., drug carriers in medicine, fillers in polymers, and fertilizer/pesticide carriers and potentially a bioavailable source of silicon in agriculture. The enhanced biological activity of nanosilica over quartz sand has been noted before; it is directly related to the altered physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles compared to those of the bulk material. Therefore, it is feasible to use nanosilica as a form of plant stimulant. Nanosilica synthesis is a relatively cheap routine process on the laboratory scale; however, it is not easily scalable. Largely for this reason, studies of nanosilica fertilizers are scarce. This study will focus on industrial-scale silica nanoparticle production and the application of nanosilica as a plant stimulant in maize. A variant of the sol-gel method is used to successfully synthesize nanosilica particles starting from silica sand. The resulting particles are in the size range of 16-37 nm with great purity. The potential of nanosilica as a plant stimulant is demonstrated with the increased quantity and quality of maize crops.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISTIC OF NANOSILICA FROM GEOTHERMAL SLUDGE: EFFECT OF SURFACTANT

In the synthesis of nanoparticles, the phenomenon of agglomeration is an undesirable condition because the particles formed can be larger. The use of surfactants can prevent the occurrence of this phenomenon. In this study, the use of surfactants was studied in the synthesis of nanosilica from geothermal sludge. The method applied in the synthesis of nanosilica is the sol-gel method. A 1 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution was used to prepare the sol phase, while the gel phase was prepared at pH 5 using a 1.5 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution. The surfactants used were alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The surfactant added to the precursor solution was at the critical micelle concentration (CMC), where the CMC values for each surfactant were 0.15, 0.05, 0.50, and 1.00 wt% for ABS, CTAB, SDS, and PVP, respectively. The experimental results showed that the synthesis of nanosilica without surfactant could produce the product with a purity of 98.03%. Even though the purity is already high, the resulting product experiences agglomeration and surfactants were needed to minimize the occurrence of agglomeration in the product. The surfactant that gives the best product quality is PVP, where the particle size is in the range of 2.01–3.65 nm. However, the product produced with this PVP has a low purity, 56.67%. It is because the sodium chloride (NaCl) is trapped in the surfactant template.

Technological trends in nanosilica synthesis and utilization in advanced treatment of water and wastewater.

Water and wastewater treatment applications stand to benefit immensely from the design and development of new materials based on silica nanoparticles and their derivatives. Nanosilica possesses unique properties, including low toxicity, chemical inertness, and excellent biocompatibility, and can be developed from a variety of sustainable precursor materials. Herein, we provide an account of the recent advances in the synthesis and utilization of nanosilica for wastewater treatment. This review covers key physicochemical aspects of several nanosilica materials and a variety of nanotechnology-enabled wastewater treatment techniques such as adsorption, separation membranes, and antimicrobial applications. It also discusses the prospective design and tuning options for nanosilica production, such as size control, morphological tuning, and surface functionalization. Informative discussions on nanosilica production from agricultural wastes have been offered, with a focus on the synthesis methodologies and pretreatment requirements for biomass precursors. The characterization of the different physicochemical features of nanosilica materials using critical surface analysis methods is discussed. Bio-hybrid nanosilica materials have also been highlighted to emphasize the critical relevance of environmental sustainability in wastewater treatment. To guarantee the thoroughness of the review, insights into nanosilica regeneration and reuse are provided. Overall, it is envisaged that this work's insights and views will inspire unique and efficient nanosilica material design and development with robust properties for water and wastewater treatment applications.

Novel in-situ synthesis of nano-silica (SiO2) embedded into polyvinyl alcohol for dye removal: Adsorption and photo-degradation under visible light

Water pollution (especially from dye stuffs) has been considered one of the most dangerous issues that threaten human health. Therefore, the polyvinyl alcohol/silica (PVA/SiO2) nanocomposite films have been manufactured by the in-situ chemical reduction approach assisted with the casting technique for eliminating the dyes under the visible light. The in-situ reduction has been invited to reduce the tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) to SiO2 through the interaction between the TEOS and the activated (-OH group) of PVA at 65 ± 2 °C. The benefit of the in-situ method is reflected in the well distribution of silica (SiO2∼ 27.58 ± 2 nm) inside the PVA matrix. The X-ray results reveal the reduction in the crystallinity of the films as a result of reduction in the hydrogen bonding due to the consumption of (OH groups) of PVA during the reduction reaction to produce SiO2. Tensile strength and Young's modulus as mechanical functions of the PVA/SiO2 have shown a tendency to increase with increasing the SiO2 amount. A significant change in the absorption spectra is observed due to the formation of the silica nanoparticles which is reflected in decreasing the energy gaps by increasing the SiO2 amount. The refractive index has been evaluated by the becke line method, showing an increase in its value with SiO2 amount. The applicability of the PVA/SiO2 for removing the methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes from the wastewater has been studied under the visible light (VL) irradiation. Importantly, the experiments show that the high adsorption of MB and MO on the PVA/SiO2 with removal efficiency ∼84.97% and ∼39.94%, respectively, in a dark (Light OFF) in 30 min. Interestingly, the photodegradation efficiency has been found to be (98.87% for MB) and (82.66% for MO) under a visible light (light ON) in 50 min. The PVA/SiO2 reusability test shows that high stable and reusable films for the 5th cycle with reducing by 4% of its efficiency at the 6th cycle. As a result, these PVA/SiO2 films can be functionalized in the purposes of water purification, dye removal and in environmental cleaning.

Biogenic Nanosilica Synthesis Employing Agro-Waste Rice Straw and Its Application Study in Photocatalytic Degradation of Cationic Dye

The current study aims towards a holistic utilization of agro-waste rice straw (RS) to synthesize nanosilica (SiNPs) employing the sol–gel method. The effect of ashing temperature was evaluated for the synthesis process. X-ray diffraction demonstrated a broad spectrum at 21.22° for SiNPs obtained using RSA-600, signifying its amorphous nature, whereas crystalline SiNPs were synthesized using RSA-900. The EDX and FTIR spectra confirmed the significant peaks of Si and O for amorphous SiNPs, confirming their purity over crystalline SiNPs. FE-SEM and TEM micrographs indicated the spheroid morphology of the SiNPs with an average size of 27.47 nm (amorphous SiNPs) and 52.79 nm (crystalline SiNPs). Amorphous SiNPs possessed a high surface area of 226.11 m2/g over crystalline SiNPs (84.45 m2/g). The results obtained attest that the amorphous SiNPs possessed better attributes than crystalline SiNPs, omitting the need to incorporate high temperature. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using SiNPs reflected that 66.26% of the dye was degraded in the first 10 min. The degradation study showed first-order kinetics with a half-life of 6.79 min. The cost-effective and environmentally friendly process offers a sustainable route to meet the increasing demand for SiNPs in industrial sectors. The study proposes a sustainable solution to stubble burning, intending towards zero waste generation, bioeconomy, and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), namely SDG 13(Climate Action), SDG 3(Good health and well-being), SDG 7(use of crop residues in industrial sectors) and SDG 8 (employment generation).

Synthesis of nanosilica from agricultural wastes and its multifaceted applications: A review

Agricultural wastes management is one of the biggest burdens in the 21st century. To reduce pollution from agricultural waste, different types of research have been conducted to convert agricultural wastes into value-added products. In recent decades, agricultural wastes are utilized as source material for nanoparticle synthesis. Nanoparticles with large surface area, small size, biocompatibility, and adjustable functionalization are now booming in different areas of science and technology. Among different types of nanoparticles, the silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) were favored to synthesize from agro-wastes as the major agricultural crop residues are silica enriched, especially the cereal crops. Moreover, the bound silica in the agricultural wastes is conventionally extracted by thermal, chemical, and biological treatment. Owing to the structural flexibility, tuneable pore size, and less toxicity made the SiNPs are more attractive to use in various fields than other metallic nanoparticles. SiNPs are now extensively used in biomedical, agricultural, and environmental remediation purposes. This review paper is an assemblage of different approaches aimed to synthesize nanosilica from agro-wastes along with its potential application areas. • The potential agrowastes for synthesis of silica nanoparticles have been evaluated. • Detailed methodology for extracting silica nanoparticles from agricultural wastes has been presented. • The use of silica nanoparticles in a variety of applications was also investigated.

Synthesis and characterizations of nano-silica for biomedical applications

This paper presents a facile synthesis of nano-silica by hydrothermal treatment assisted by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The effect of CTAB on the morphology of the material was also investigated. Structure, morphology, and composition of the material were studied byvarious methods such as XRD, SEM, FT-IR, and EDX.The results showed that a sample of nanosilica with amount of 1,0 g CTAB at pH 10-11 reached the most appropriate size, with the average length and width are 231,34±48,98 nm và 113,05±16,45 nm, respectively. In addition, the results indicated that the nanoparticles are completely pure, with many silanol groups on the surface, suitable for applications in bone tissue engineering and other biological applications.

Synthesis of Nanosilica and its application as Water Based Mud Rheology Enhancer

This study synthesized nanosilica from sodium silicate solution using precipitation method for 3:1 ammonia/ethanol ratio, and examines the effectiveness of the nanosilica in formulating high-performance water based mud system. Sodium silicate solution (SSS) is a low-cost precursor than tetraethyl orthosilicate. Three (3) solutions of sodium silicate with concentrations 0.5 N, 1 N and 1.5 N were used to precipitate nanosilica. The use of sodium silicate solution in alkaline medium produces less agglomerated nanosilica. The results gave Similarly, three (3) different samples of silica nanoparticles (Sample A, Sample B, and Sample C) with each concentration respectively. The silica nanoparticles from the Sample A had the smallest in size and quantity, and also the most dispersed. For Sample B, the nanosilica produced was apparently bigger than that of sample A in size and quantity produced. Sample C was produced using two procedures: Sample C1 (with ultra Sonicator) and Sample C2. (ultra Sonicator). Samples C1 and C2 produced the biggest size and quantity of nanosilica with less the dispersion. But, there were aggregation problems, due to the higher concentration of sodium silicate solution. There was no much difference between samples C1 and C2; just that with the former, the nanosilica was better dispersed and the latter was little more aggregated. The precipitated nanosilica, Sample B with 1 N concentration of SSS gave the optimum size and quantity, and was used to formulate the examined high-performance water based mud system. The silica nanoparticles had a positive effect on the drilling fluid systems flow properties. This due to their ultrafine size and high surface area. Also, nanosilica production is cheap and feasible, so it could easily replace other expensive additives.

Environmental Method for Synthesizing Amorphous Silica Oxide Nanoparticles from a Natural Material

Numerous studies have been performed on the generation of several silicon-based engineering materials that often have used chemical materials that have high risks for health and the safety of the environment. Generally, in the synthesis of Nano-silica, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) are used as precursor materials; however, these materials are toxic and expensive for the production of Nano-silica. This paper presents an environmentally friendly short method (EFSM) with high efficiency for the synthesis of amorphous silica oxide Nanoparticles by using agricultural waste called rice husks (RHs). Use of the EFSM method as an alternative to the chemical methods would have the advantages of fast and simple operation, controllability, great pureness of the Nanoparticles, and low manufacturing cost. A Nanoparticles (NPs) evaluation was conducted with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). By applying the EFSM method, non-toxic amorphous silica nanoparticles with a purity of 94.5% and particle size less than 100 nm was synthesized without using any chemical material.