Synthesis Of Glasses Research Articles

Synthesis of biogenic calcium silicate glasses from biomass: Physical, dielectric and electrical properties

Biogenic calcium silicate glasses were synthesized from the biomass wastes by melt-quench technique at a high temperature of 1550 °C. XRD pattern showed the preferred orientation along the c-axis (002) regardless of the concentration of eggshell powder. The optical bandgap (Eg) decreased from 3.96 to 3.74 eV, and the refractive index (n) increased from 2.17 to 2.22 as ESP risen from 0 to 25 wt.%. The dielectric constant (ε′) of sintered glasses was measured at 1 kHz and 1 MHz to be 40–135 and 27–44, respectively. The decreasing, ε′ and tanδ with respect to concerning temperature is attributed to the most miniature hopping mechanism. The σac of SE-3(H) was observed to be the lowest (5.26 × 10−7 S/m) at 400 °C due to the lower volume of non-bridging oxygen. The study of silicate glasses suggests the major applications in the semiconductor industries, the sealing of energy harvesting and energy storage devices.

One pot synthesis of phosphate glass with in situ formed nanodiamonds from adenosine triphosphate for bone repair

Glasses and nanodiamonds have been widely used as biomaterials, particularly in orthopedics. Biomolecule-derived materials are also gaining popularity in biomedical applications. Therefore, a biomolecule-derived glass with in situ formed nanodiamonds could be interesting material. The biomolecule-derived glass obtained in this study was synthesized by melt-quenching adenosine triphosphate-disodium. According to spectroscopic studies such as Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, and XPS, the glass formed from the phosphate groups of ATP is predominantly made of metaphosphate. The TEM, XPS, and Raman spectroscopic analysis confirm the in situ conversion of the organic portion of the ATP molecule into nanodiamonds. The confocal microscopy also reveals the fluorescence property of the nanodiamonds. In vitro experiments further demonstrate that the glass is non-cytotoxic, bioactive, and angiogenic, implying that it could be used in bone repair. This study also establishes that phosphate glass supports nanodiamonds formation and that biomolecule can form glass and nanodiamonds under the right conditions.

Design, synthesis, and characterization of Pb-free tellurite glasses for radiation shielding applications

The melt and quench technique was used to create a new TeO2–Li2O–MoO3 glass system with the objective of providing alternative and new shielding materials for radiation safety purposes. The synthesized glasses were studied by means of their physical, thermal, and radiation shielding characteristics. It was demonstrated using Raman and FTIR spectroscopy that the insertion of Li2O and MoO3 resulted in a superimposed reduction of all Te units, including TeO3+1 and TeO3 with non-bridging oxygen, via the formation of Te(short)-O-Mo and a coordination change from MoO4 to MoO6. The densities of the prepared glasses were relatively high, having values between 4.48 and 5.11 g/cm3. Compared with TeO2-pure glass, the values for Tg and Tx substantially decrease with Li2O and MoO3 insertion. However, among prepared samples, there is only a small fluctuation in both characteristic temperatures, suggesting high thermal/composition stability. FLUKA simulations were used to estimate the photon, proton, electron, α-particle, and carbon ion shielding parameters for beam energies ranging from 15 to 15,000 keV. With changes in the chemical designation of the synthesized glasses, the mass attenuation coefficient of photons and stopping powers of charged radiation changed, gradually increasing with glass density and decreasing with Li2O and MoO3 insertion. In addition, the ability of the glasses to moderate fast neutrons declined with increases in the MoO3 and Li2O weight contents. On the contrary, the total cross section of thermal neutrons improved as glass density decreased and Li2O and MoO3 content increased. The synthesized glasses, through the evaluated parameters, showed better radiation shielding capacity compared to existing shields such as concrete and commercial RS-series glass shields.

Synthesis, physical and optical properties of boro-tellurite glasses co-doped with bismuth oxide

Synthesis of bismuth-boro-tellurite (TBB) glasses with batch composition (80-X) TeO2-20%B2O3-X%Bi2O3 (x = 5, 10, 15, 20 mol%) have been synthesized by using the traditional melting and quench technique. Structures of prepared sample were checked by X-Ray Diffraction. The thermal characteristics of prepared specimens were studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Physical properties that exhibit the effect of Bi2O3 on glass structure include density, oxygen packing density (OPD), Bi3+ concentration (N), inter-nuclear distance Ri and polaron radius Rp. Various optical characteristics including refractive index (n), Urbach energy, absorbance and direct and indirect allowed transition optical energy band gaps were studied.

Reproducibility of Properties of As<sub>x</sub>Se<sub>1-x </sub>Glasses on the Synthesis Temperature

AsxSe1-x glasses with x from 0,05 to 0,55 were prepared at two melting temperatures, 700 and 850 °C. Batch materials from several suppliers were used for glass synthesis. Density and IR transmittance of glasses were measured. It was found that data for density of glasses prepared at 700 °C have sufficient scatter, so dependence of molar volume on composition is not smooth. Data for glasses synthesized at 850 °C are in good agreement with reference ones. According to data of IR spectroscopy the main impurity in glasses is oxygen in several molecular forms. Oxygen gets in glass together with arsenic. Its content can be noticeably decreased by the heat treatment of As at from 300 to 350 °C and Se at 310 °C before weighting and by the heat treatment of batch at 200 °C before the sealing of silica ampoule. Optical quality of glass samples is good enough for the use them as IR transparent material for lens manufacturing.

Synthesis and Characterization of Sol–Gel‐Derived SiO2–CaO Particles: Size Impact on Glass (Bio)Properties

AbstractFour highly bioactive glasses in a binary SiO2–CaO system are prepared following a sol−gel method using Ca(OH)2 as a calcium precursor. In the synthesis of glass according to the modified Stöber method, Ca(OH)2 suspended in polyethylene glycol allows the elimination of the presence of calcite and the increase of ammonia concentration causes formation of spherical particles with different sizes in the range of 26–266 nm. The relation among the size and properties, including bioactivity, of the glass particles is evaluated. New glasses that vary in composition (10–25 wt% CaO), porosity (15–113 m2 g−1), and hydroxyl groups content greatly enhance the formation process of hydroxyapatite (HA) in simulated physiological fluids. For all glasses, superior apatite‐mineralization ability in time as short as 2 h in the physiological‐like buffer is achieved, thus exceeding the bioactivity of the known bioactive glasses, including 45S5 glass (Bioglass). The assessment of the safety and toxicity profile of the obtained glasses is verified in a wide range of concentrations (1–1000 µg mL−1) against human dermal fibroblasts and MC3T3 mouse osteoblast precursors, but also to human erythrocytes by determining hemocompatibility. Two glasses of different sizes, 73 and 266 nm, are promising and warrant further research.

A Novel Study of Synthesis, Characterization and Erosion Wear Analysis of Glass–Jute Polyester Hybrid Composite

A Novel Study of Synthesis, Characterization and Erosion Wear Analysis of Glass–Jute Polyester Hybrid Composite

Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Neodymium-Doped Oxochloride Lead Silicate Glasses

Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Neodymium-Doped Oxochloride Lead Silicate Glasses

Li(C2N3) as eutectic forming modifier in the melting process of the molecular perovskite [(C3H7)3N(C4H9)]Mn(C2N3)3±

Coordination polymer (CP) glasses have recently emerged as a new glass state. Given the young state of the field, the discovery of concepts that guide the synthesis of CP glasses with targeted thermal and macroscopic properties is at the center of ongoing research. In our work, we draw inspiration from research on inorganic glasses, investigating the impact of Li(C2N3) as a modifier on the thermal properties of the new molecular perovskite [(C3H7)3N(C4H9)]Mn(C2N3)3 (with [C2N3]− = dicyanamide, DCA). We derive the phase diagram and show that Li(C2N3) and [(C3H7)3N(C4H9)]Mn(C2N3)3 form a eutectic mixture, in which the melting temperature is decreased by 30 K. Additionally, for the eutectic mixture at xLiDCA ≈ 0.4, a CP glass forms under slow cooling, opening interesting pathways for scalable synthesis routes of CP glasses. Given the virtually unlimited parameter space of hybrid modifiers, they will play a major role in the future to alter the glass’ properties where the availability of rigorously derived phase diagrams will be important to identify material class overarching trends.

Preparation and characterization of binary Mg-silicate glasses via Sol-Gel route

Sol-gel processing allows synthesis of low-energy glasses. In this work, binary magnesium silicate glasses with various MgO contents are synthesized using a modified sol-gel route. TGA and XRD analyses indicate that amorphous glasses with up to 50 mol% MgO can be obtained at 500°C. The reactivity of the glasses is evaluated to assess the use of the sol-gel technique in the large-scale synthesis of alternative cementitious materials. Reactivity tests show that, as MgO content increases, reactivity of glasses increases, reaches an optimum and then declines. This trend doesn't agree with the theoretical one estimated by NBO/T value, which is generally used for the evaluation of glass reactivity. Mg2+ ions play a role as the network modifier when first introduced to silicate glasses. This leads to the depolymerization of the networks, causing an increase in reactivity. Then the magnesium partly behaves as a network former, bonding with oxygens to form MgOx polyhedron when there are insufficient primary glass-forming oxide SiO2, resulting in the polymerization of networks, hence the decrease in reactivity.

Synthesis, physical, optical and structural properties of SrTiO3 borosilicate glasses with addition of CrO3

Synthesis, physical, optical and structural properties of SrTiO3 borosilicate glasses with addition of CrO3

Synthesis of glass–ceramic Li7−2xZnxP2S8–xOxI oxysulfide solid electrolyte with high chemical stability for all-solid-state lithium batteries

All-solid-state batteries remain problems to be overcome due to the high-temperature heat-treatment process, and the compatibility problem with Li metal as an anode. In this work, Li7P2S8I (LPSI) solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity is prepared using a high-energy dry ball milling process with a low-temperature (200 °C) heat-treatment process. Then, ZnO are doped with LPSI solid electrolyte, particularly Zn2+ at the Li site and O2− at the S site, by our optimized synthesis process. The ZnO co-doping is confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction, Laser–Raman, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis. The ionic conductivity value of the prepared solid electrolytes is measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis, and the prepared LPSI and Li6.9Zn0.05P2S7.95O0.05I solid electrolytes exhibit an ionic conductivity of (4.4 and 4.2) mS·cm−1, respectively, at room temperature. To evaluate the electrochemical stability of the prepared solid electrolyte, we perform cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic discharge/charge voltage profiles analysis. In addition, the fabricated all-solid-state battery exhibits a high specific capacity of 165.4 mAh·g−1 (0.1 C), and a high-capacity retention rate of 95.2 %. Interestingly, ZnO co-doped LPSI solid electrolyte exhibits longer air-stability than the undoped LPSI solid electrolyte in dry air with 10 % humidity.

Solar photocatalytic abatement of pollutant over BiOBr derived from in situ synthesis of bismuth glass

Solar photocatalytic abatement of pollutant over BiOBr derived from in situ synthesis of bismuth glass

Significant impact of lead(II) chloride on synthesis and properties of boron-based metallic glasses for mechanical, optical, and radiation applications

Significant impact of lead(II) chloride on synthesis and properties of boron-based metallic glasses for mechanical, optical, and radiation applications

Correction to: Synthesis, physical properties, neutron, and gamma-ray shielding competence of borate-based glasses reinforced with erbium (III) oxide: a closer-look on the impact of Eu2O3

Correction to: Synthesis, physical properties, neutron, and gamma-ray shielding competence of borate-based glasses reinforced with erbium (III) oxide: a closer-look on the impact of Eu2O3

Structure and redox ratio of soda‐lime‐silica glasses with high iron oxide concentrations

AbstractThe high temperature synthesis of glasses in the system (100‐x)(0.16Na2O/0.10CaO/0.74SiO2)/xFe2O3, x = 5 ÷ 20 mol% is reported. For Fe2O3 concentrations ≤15 mol%, glasses are formed while the sample with 20 mol% crystallizes during cooling the melt. X‐ray diffraction shows the crystallization of magnetite. The microstructure of the glass‐crystalline sample is investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and two types of iron‐rich crystals corresponding to magnetite and hematite are detected. The refractive indices as determined by the Becke line method are in the 1.567 ‐ 1.639 range and. increase with increasing Fe2O3 concentration. The structure is characterized using Infra‐red spectroscopy. The presence of symmetric stretching, asymmetric stretching and bending vibrations of Si‐O‐Si is detected and attributed to the occurrence of SiO4 tetrahedral units with varying numbers of nonbridging oxygens. Also, the increasing Fe2O3 concentration results in occurrence of Fe‐O‐Si bonds indicating the glass network depolymerization due to Fe2O3 addition. In all samples, the presence of Fe3+ and Fe2+ and the existence of iron ions in tetrahedral and octahedral coordination, as well as a very small amount of Fe0 and the precipitation of hematite and magnetite in the glass‐crystalline sample is revealed by Mössbauer spectroscopy.

Post-glass melting synthesis and photochromic properties of composite AgCl-AgPO3 glasses

We herein present a simple, fast, low-temperature, post-glass melting fabrication protocol in which a photochromic silver cation based modified zone is incorporated within silver metaphosphate glass (AgPO3). The selection of AgPO3 glass is mainly based on its relative “soft” nature (Tg = 192 °C) that enables the integration of silver cations from the surface deposited AgCl layer, while being transparent in most of the visible range, and therefore suitable for smart photochromic window applications. The suggested synthesis procedure permits the controlled formation of a silver cation modified layer within the host glass matrix, while the characteristics of the layer itself can be adjusted correspondingly. Our findings reveal a direct relationship between the developed composite AgCl–AgPO3 glass photochromic response and the morphological features of the integrated layer, i.e., thickness and position. More importantly, the photochromic response time with various UV irradiation doses is also studied, where remarkable response times of several seconds are obtained. Processes and efforts to further enhance the photochromic performance by utilizing the presence of silver nanoparticles within the glass matrix are also presented and discussed.

Maximizing vitrification and density of a Zr-based glass-forming alloy processed by laser powder bed fusion

Owing to the layer-by-layer processing, laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) allows to overcome the size limitation imposed by the high cooling rates necessary for the synthesis of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). The fabrication of amorphous and highly dense parts via LPBF is however very challenging, since the processing parameters affect both requirements in a contrasting manner. Here, a large number of specimens is fabricated from the glass-forming Zr52.5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10Ti5 alloy by LPBF at varying processing conditions. Processing maps of amorphicity and density are provided and evaluated concerning porosity, structural relaxation and crystallization. Optimum processing conditions for maximized density and amorphicity are identified. The present dataset is designed to quantify the correlation between relative density, amorphicity, volumetric energy density and normalized enthalpy criteria. Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses show an equally strong dependence between both criteria and the relative density and an inverse moderate dependence with amorphicity. Based on the results, a modified enthalpy criterion is deduced. It correlates strongest with density amongst the non-dimensional parameters.

Synthesis and Characterizations of Bioactive Glass Nanoparticle-Incorporated Triblock Copolymeric Injectable Hydrogel for Bone Tissue Engineering.

Recently, injectable hydrogels have attracted much interest in tissue engineering (TE) applications because of their controlled flowability, adaptability, and easy handling properties. This work emphasizes the synthesis and characterizations of bioactive glass (BAG) nanoparticle-reinforced poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)- and poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (pNVC)-based minimally invasive composite injectable hydrogel suitable for bone regeneration. First, the copolymer was synthesized from a combination of PEG and pNVC through reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization and nanocomposite hydrogel constructs were subsequently prepared by conjugating BAG particles at varying loading concentrations. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis confirmed the controlled nature of the polymer. Various physicochemical characterization results confirmed the successful synthesis of copolymer and nanocomposite hydrogels that showed good gelling and injectability properties. Our optimal nanocomposite hydrogel formulation showed excellent swelling properties in comparison to the copolymeric hydrogel due to the presence of hydrophilic BAG particles. The bone cell proliferation rate was found to be evidently higher in the nanocomposite hydrogel than in the copolymeric hydrogel. Moreover, the enhanced level of ALP activity and apatite mineralization for the nanocomposite in comparison to that for the copolymeric hydrogel indicates accelerated in vitro osteogenesis. Overall, our study findings indicate BAG particle-conjugated nanocomposite hydrogels can be used as promising grafting materials in orthopedic reconstructive surgeries complementary to conventional bone graft substitutes in cancellous bone defects due to their 3D porous framework, minimal invasiveness, and ability to form any desired shape to match irregular bone defects.

Creating bulk ultrastable glasses by random particle bonding

A recent breakthrough in glass science has been the synthesis of ultrastable glasses via physical vapor deposition techniques. These samples display enhanced thermodynamic, kinetic and mechanical stability, with important implications for fundamental science and technological applications. However, the vapor deposition technique is limited to atomic, polymer and organic glass-formers and is only able to produce thin film samples. Here, we propose a novel approach to generate ultrastable glassy configurations in the bulk, via random particle bonding, and using computer simulations we show that this method does indeed allow for the production of ultrastable glasses. Our technique is in principle applicable to any molecular or soft matter system, such as colloidal particles with tunable bonding interactions, thus opening the way to the design of a large class of ultrastable glasses.