Synthesis Of Composite Materials Research Articles

Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of electrospun biocompatible Poly (ε- caprolactone) and Polyaniline nanofiber composite electrode materials for various biosensing applications

Electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds have attracted extensive attention in biosensor applications. Typical structures were made using low molecular weight (Mw ∼ 10,000) Polycaprolactone (PCL) along with Polyaniline (Emeraldine salt) via the fiber production technique of electrospinning. The PCL/PANI nanocomposites were optimised at 14 wt% and 15 wt% for quality electrospinning conditions.The functional group’s identification, structural and morphological analyses and electrochemical studies of the nanocomposites were performed. The specific capacitance values Csp = 16.54F/kg (14 wt%) and 5.26F/kg (15 wt%) were calculated. The Cyclic voltammetric and Impedance spectroscopic studies along with a newly designed equivalent circuit, indicate the sensitive and fast responses of the PCL/PANI nanocomposite material, with unique porous structures developed within the material, provide a potential opportunity to develop into a sensitive sensor electrode material.

Bi nanoparticles confined in N,S co-doped carbon nanoribbons with excellent rate performance for sodium-ion batteries.

Bismuth (Bi) has emerged as a promising candidate for sodium-ion battery anodes because of its unique layered crystal structure, superior volumetric capacity, and high theoretical gravimetric capacity. However, the large volume expansion and severe aggregation of Bi during the alloying/dealloying reactions are extremely detrimental to cycling stability, which seriously hinders its practical application. To overcome these issues, we propose an effective synthesis of composite materials, encapsulating Bi nanoparticles in N,S co-doped carbon nanoribbons and composites with carbon nanotubes (N,S-C@Bi/CNT), using Bi2S3 nanobelts as templates. The uniform distribution of Bi nanoparticles and the structure of carbon nanoribbons can reduce the diffusion path of ions/electrons, efficiently buffer the large volume change and prevent Bi from aggregating during cycles. As expected, the N,S-C@Bi/CNT electrode shows superior sodium storage performance in half cells, including a high specific capacity (345.3 mA h g-1 at 1.0 A g-1), long cycling stability (1000 cycles), and superior rate capability (336.0 mA h g-1 at 10.0 A g-1).

Composite Nanoarchitectonics of Photoactivated Titania-Based Materials with Anticancer Properties.

The synthesis of titania-based composite materials with anticancer potential under visible-light irradiation is the aim of this study. In specific, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) chemically modified with silver were embedded in a stimuli-responsive microgel (a crosslinked interpenetrating network (IP) network that was synthesized by poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide) and linear chains of polyacrylic acid sodium salt, forming composite particles. The ultimate goal of this research, and for our future plans, is to develop a drug-delivery system that uses optical fibers that could efficiently photoactivate NPs, targeting cancer cells. The produced Ag-TiO2 NPs, the microgel and the composite materials were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), micro-Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our results indicated that Ag-TiO2 NPs were successfully embedded within the thermoresponsive microgel. Either Ag-TiO2 NPs or the composite materials exhibited high photocatalytic degradation efficiency on the pollutant rhodamine B and significant anticancer potential under visible-light irradiation.

Formation of Biochar Nanocomposite Materials Based on CoFe2O4 for Purification of Aqueous Solutions from Chromium Compounds (VI)

The paper proposes a simple one-stage synthesis of organic-inorganic composite materials based on oxide compounds of iron (III) and cobalt (II) with a developed surface. The process of cobalt(II) ferrite (CoFe2O4) structure formation on the biochar surface was studied. As an organic component, biochar was obtained from agricultural waste, including sunflower husks, rice husks, and pea kernels. Composite materials cobalt ferrite/biochar were obtained for the first time using these wastes. The obtained materials were characterized using X-ray phase analysis, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy, and N2 adsorption-desorption. A mechanism for forming composite materials is proposed, including the stage of formation of chelate complexes of transition element cations with citric acid on the biochar surface and their subsequent thermal decomposition. High adsorption activity of the synthesized materials in the process of removing chromium (VI) ions from aqueous solutions was established. The sunflower husk biochar composite material based on CoFe2O4 has the highest adsorption capacity of 6.98 mg/g. The results suggest that biochar composites based on CoFe2O4 have great potential for the practical industrial wastewater treatment.

Synthesis of Composite Material Derived from Soybean Curd and Sludge Containing Fe for Removal of Paracetamol by Heterogeneous Fenton Oxidation

In this study, a composite material (ACS) was successfully synthesized from activated carbon (AC) derived from soybean curd and sludge from the supply water treatment process using FeCl3. Subsequently, the ACS was employed as a heterogeneous catalyst for the degradation of Paracetamol (PRC) in solutions under conditions of the Fenton process. The conditions for synthesizing composite material were evaluated under different temperatures (200 to 900oC) and AC/sludge ratios. Effects of pyrolysis temperature and of reaction parameters (pH, contacting time) were evaluated under batch conditions based on the degradation efficiency of PRC and TOC. PRC and TOC were analyzed using HPLC and TOC instrument. Results showed that the composite material synthesized at 600oC with AC/sludge = 1/1 (w/w) was of the best performance on the removal of PRC (95% after 30 min). At pH 2 and 3, the PRC removal efficiency was 89% and 18% after 15 minutes and 95% and 54% after 30 minutes, respectively, which were significantly higher than those obtained at higher pH values. After 24 hours, the PRC removal efficiency was 99% and the TOC removal efficiency reached 95%. The results indicated that high efficiency was obtained by synthesized material and most of PRC was converted to simple and non-toxic compounds such as CO2 and H2O.

Synthesis of powder functional composite materials containing g-C3N4, β-Si3N4 and Si2N2O phases

The article discusses the technology of alloying carbon material with Taunite-M nitrogen and silicon, which combines mechanochemical synthesis in a spherical planetary mill and multistage heat treatment up to 1100°C. The aim of the work is to obtain a new material based on nanostructured carbon raw materials with improved physical and chemical properties as a result of the formation of new phases due to the introduction of silicon and melamine into the initial charge as a source of nitrogen. The phase composition of the obtained samples was studied by X-ray diffractometry, the porosity and distribution of chemical elements in the samples of the obtained material were evaluated using X-ray tomography and scanning electron microscopy. Based on the results obtained, conclusions are formulated about the formation of phases of graphite-like carbonitride, nitride and oxynitride of silicon in a thermally stable nanocarbon material.

Synthesis of Micro-Electrolysis Composite Materials from Blast Furnace Dust and Application into Organic Pollutant Degradation.

A micro-electrolysis material (MEM) was successfully prepared from carbothermal reduction of blast furnace dust (BFD) and coke as raw materials in a nitrogen atmosphere. The MEM prepared from BFD had strong ability in removing methyl orange, methylene blue, and rose bengal (the removal rates of methyl orange and methylene blue were close to 100%). X-ray diffraction showed that the iron mineral in BFD was ferric oxide, which was converted to zero-valent iron after being reduced by calcination. Scanning electron microscopy showed that nano-scale zero-valent iron particles were formed in the MEM. In short, the MEM prepared from BFD can effectively degrade organic pollutants.

A study on thermal resistance evaluation of carbon nanotube buckypaper with cellulose material for thermal interface material

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), which has been studied as a heat conduction material, has excellent thermal properties, with thermal conductivity value of 3000 W/m·K. This study aims to reduce the thermal resistance of MWCNTs–buckypaper (BP) as a thermal interface material (TIM). Three methods are used in this experiment: ultrasonication, oxidation, and the addition of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC). The oxidation process is to remove impurities, which when prepared as a suspension, disturb the particle dispersion, and reveal a tendency to agglomerate. Therefore, a strong acid treatment removes impurities, and improves the dispersibility of nanofluids. The third method, the addition of CNC, which has been in the limelight recently, can affect structural stability, is eco-friendly, and is used for composite material synthesis with high tensile strength. These preeminent effects of CNC help improve the thermal resistance of CNC/treated CNT (C–tCNTs) mixed buckypaper. The thermal performances of TIMs used an ASTM D5470 standard tester, and various ratios of BP were tested using thermal resistance test. BP manufactured by adding MWCNTs and CNC had a resistance value of 0.776. This provided a 33.1 % decrease, compared to the oxidized MWCNTs BP. As a result, it was confirmed that CNC–CNTs BP has the possibility of being applied as TIM. • Cellulose nanocrystals, an eco-friendly material, are applied to carbon nanotubes. • It is made of paper-type buckypaper for use as a thermal interface material. • ASTM D5470 standard instrument is used for thermal resistance comparison. • It achieves maximum heat transfer performance at the optimum ratio.

파리 마크로봇(Macrolot) B5 도시개발구역 공동주택의 색채사용특징

A characteristics of material color were extracted from 21 collective residential areas in the Billancourt-Rives de Seine Macrolot 5 city development area near Paris, which has recently shown advanced collective housing types. The scope of the analysis is centered on the color of the material on the exterior elevation. As a result of examining the color usage method in connection with the material application method, the relationship with the building elements, and the material processing method, focusing on the elevation of the collective residence, the following characteristics appeared. First, many material colors with essential properties of materials were used, and this is the basis for maintaining the simplicity of the architectural form. Second, the separation of regions and boundaries was mostly caused by two or more materials and contrasting material colors. Third, phenomena of color change due to changes in the surrounding environment have been observed through the synthesis and processing of composite materials. Fourth, spatial color was being realized by repetition and double skin of two or more parallel materials with different attributes. In this way, the system of color use in the Macrolot B 5 region was consistent with discrimination, originality and individuality as shown in the French collective housing policy. As such, the change in perspective as a material color is considered to be a system with a synergistic effect that significantly compensates for the shortcomings of uniformity and high density of block-type residential complexes that have lasted for a long time with a beautiful appearance depending on the use area and application method.

A novel chitosan-biochar immobilized microorganism strategy to enhance bioremediation of crude oil in soil

The chitosan-biochar composite is a clean and environmentally friendly immobilized microorganisms carrier. In this study, the chitosan-biochar composite as a carrier to immobilize a compound microbial agent contained Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus licheniformis, and investigated its role in the remediation of oil-contaminated soil. When using 1% (v/v) acetic acid, 3% (m/v) chitosan solution, 0.1% biochar, 4% (v/v) NaOH solution, freeze-drying 6 h, the optimal chitosan-biochar composite material could be obtained. The specific surfacearea of the material increased to 1.725 m2/g and the average pore size also increased from 130.2260 nm to 165.2980 nm after the addition of biochar through the analysis of specific surface area and pore size, which enlarged the contact area of microorganisms and crude oil with the material. SEM showed that the bacterial successfully adhered to the surface and internal of the material. Using FTIR, the results showed that the synthesis of composite carrier material was the covalent combination of –NH2 on chitosan and –COOH on biochar, forming a new chemical bond –NH–CO-. After 60 days of remediation of oil-contaminated soil, the removal rate of crude oil by chitosan-biochar composite immobilized microorganism method was 45.82%, which was 21.26% higher than that of natural remediation. Simultaneously, several oil-degrading bacteria increased at genus level, including Nocardioides (26.79%–33.09%), Bacillus (3.01%–4.10%), Dietzia (1.84%–5.56%), Pseudomonas (0–0.78%), among which Pseudomonas belongs to exogenous bacteria. The results indicated that the chitosan-biochar composite material has high application value in removing crude oil, and further provides a new strategy for bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil.

ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКОЕ ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ КОМПОЗИЦИОННЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ «КАРБИД ТУГОПЛАВКОГО МЕТАЛЛА – УГЛЕРОДНОЕ ВОЛОКНО» И ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ИХ СВОЙСТВ

The conditions and results of electrochemical synthesis of composite materials "refractory metal carbide - carbon fiber" (Me = Nb, Ta, Mo) are considered. The results of studies of the electrocatalytic activity of these composite materials in the hydrogen peroxide decomposition reaction in comparison with such traditional catalysts as copper and platinum are presented. The most active composite has been established.

Effect of temperature and time on the hydrothermal synthesis of WO3-AgCl photocatalysts regarding photocatalytic activity

Heterogeneous photocatalysis is an important and promising alternative for efficient water and wastewater treatment processes. The synthesis of composite materials has attracted attention due to their improved photocatalytic activity and stability. In the present work, composites made of WO3-AgCl were synthesized by a simple one-step hydrothermal method. The evaluation of the effects of reaction temperature and synthesis time for this composite is reported for the first time. The materials were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, BET, UV–vis DRS, XPS, EPR and PL. All photocatalysts showed broad-spectrum activity due to their strong absorption in the UV region and some absorption in the visible region. The morphology of the materials was highly influenced by the synthesis temperature and time, which affected the photocatalytic efficiency. All materials exhibited good photocatalytic activity under simulated sunlight, with maximum acetaminophen removal of 99.6% for the catalyst synthesized at 120 °C and 12 h. Stability tests showed considerable stability after four cycles. The main reactive species participating in the photodegradation reaction were found to be O2•-> h+ ∼ •OH. The heterojunction formed between AgCl and WO3 plays an important role in the photocatalytic activity, especially when the AgCl surface is not completely covered by WO3.

Electrostatically directed assembly of two-dimensional ultrathin Co2Ni-MOF/Ti3C2Tx nanosheets for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution

Hydrogen production from water electrolysis is severely restricted by the poor reaction kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this work, a series of two-dimensional (2D) composites MOF/Ti3C2Tx (the MXene phase) were fabricated by electrostatically directed assembly and used as catalysts for OER. The obtained composite materials exhibit enhanced electrocatalytic properties, thanks to the ultrathin 2D/2D heterostructure with abundant active sites in Co2Ni-MOF and the high electronic conductivity of Ti3C2Tx. Among all the catalysts, Co2Ni-MOF@MX-1 achieved the best oxygen evolution performance with the lowest Tafel slope (51.7 mV dec−1) and the lowest overpotential (265 mV on carbon paper) at the current density of 10 mA cm−2. These results demonstrated that the synthesis of 2D composite materials by electrostatically directed assembly could be a feasible and promising method for the preparation of 2D heterostructure catalysts.

Facile and scalable synthesis of mesoporous composite materials from coal gasification fine slag for enhanced adsorption of malachite green

The recycling of the solid wastes produced in the industrial process and converting them into functional materials with unique structures are of great significance for the sustainable development of human society. In this study, a facile and scalable synthesis method was designed for the preparation of mesoporous composite materials from waste coal gasification fine slag using K2CO3 as a mild chemical additive to chemically recombine SiO2 and Al2O3. At a fine slag to K2CO3 mass ratio of 1:1, a mesoporous composite material (OMB-KB) mainly composed of faujasite-Na and amicite was obtained, which possessed a uniformly porous and loose structure with a specific surface area of 40.26 m2/g and the pore size range of 2–50 nm. Metals inherited from the raw slag and various chemical groups existed on the surface of OMB-KB, making the materials have unique surface chemical properties. OMB-KB exhibited ultra-high adsorption performance on malachite green (MG), and the adsorption capacity reached 7218.31 mg/g when 0.01 g of OMB-KB and 300 ml of MG solution with a concentration of 300 mg/L were used for the adsorption at 298K. The increase of pH was beneficial to the adsorption of cationic MG, and the removal efficiency reached an excellent state at pH ≥ 6. The good fitting of the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich isotherm model suggested that the adsorption process was dominated by chemisorption. The thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption of OMB-KB to MG was endothermic, entropy-increasing and entropy-controlled. The adsorption of MG by the material was realized through the exchange interactions between cations, as well as the electrostatic attraction and van der Waals forces between –OH groups and MG. Meanwhile, the oxygen-containing groups and π-electrons in the carbon layer could also adsorb MG molecules by electrostatic attraction.

Formation of the transition zone “matrix alloy – reinforcing granules” in the process of solid‑liquid synthesis of composite material

The paper is devoted to the formation of transition zone between matrix alloy and reinforcing phase (cast iron granules) during the synthesis of composite casted materials. Results on concentration distribution of main elements (Si, Fe, Cu) are presented. It is shown that the formation of transition zone starts during the infiltration process with further its growth during the exposition at synthesis temperature. As the result dissolution and distraction of granules take place.

Synthesis, Physical and Mechanical Behavior of Agro-Waste RHA and Eggshell-Reinforced Composite Material

Synthesis, Physical and Mechanical Behavior of Agro-Waste RHA and Eggshell-Reinforced Composite Material

Facile synthesis of rose-like composites of zeolites and layered double hydroxides: Growth mechanism and enhanced properties

Excellent performances of various materials often depend on high specific surface areas. Therefore, increase of specific surface areas is one of the most important means to improve the properties and performances of materials. Herein, we report a facile strategy to prepare novel composite materials of zeolites and hydrotalcite-like layered double hydroxides, with high specific surface areas. The composites with a rose-like morphology were synthesized hydrothermally by adding synthetic zeolites to the raw materials used for the formation of hydrotalcite. The resultant composites were shown to contain two distinct layered double hydroxides with different Mg/Al molar ratios. Nitrogen (N2) adsorption−desorption measurements showed that the specific surface areas and the pore volumes of these composites increased by an order of magnitude in comparison with hydrotalcite. The new composites were shown to be capable of effectively removing Cr(VI), Cu(II) and methylene blue from aqueous environments and had better performances for the latter two contaminants than hydrotalcite. Moreover, this strategy potentially opens up the synthesis of new composite materials with tunable compositions and enhanced properties for environmental and other applications.

Low temperature energy- efficient synthesis methods for bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for environmental remediation application: A review.

Bismuth-based composite materials have unique structural, chemical, optical, and electrical properties that are highly beneficial in Photocatalysis. The layered structure and tunable bandgap properties of the Bismuth-based composites are advantageous for the absorption of solar light efficiently. Also, these properties help the separation and recombination of photogenerated charge carriers, leading to enhancement in the photocatalytic activity. Synthesis of the catalyst at a lower temperature to produce catalyst reduces the production cost and electrical energy consumption. This review provides an overview of the recent development in Bismuth-based composite nanostructured photocatalytic materials, mainly using low-temperature driven synthesis methods. Herein, we have mainly summarized the primarily used low temperature-based synthetic routes, particularly in the temperature range of 50-300°C for synthesizing Bismuth-based composite materials. In addition to this, the photocatalytic mechanism, the textural, structural, electronic, and photocatalytic properties of the synthesized photocatalysts are discussed. The literature shows that the surface area of the composite Bismuth-based photocatalytic materials synthesized using the low-temperature synthetic route is in the range of 1.5-81m2/g and can be activated by solar, ultraviolet, and Light Emitting Diode (LEDs) light irradiation based on the synthetic route. Their photocatalytic performance and structural stability are excellent and utilized for several runs. The comprehensive understanding of the low-temperature synthesis of Bismuth-based composite materials for visible light-activated photocatalytic applications provided will be useful for developing photocatalytic materials on an industrial scale due to energy-efficient synthetic routes. Furthermore, the prospects of low temperature-driven Bismuth-based composite synthesis routes are discussed.

High performance EMI shielding applications of Co0.5Ni0.5CexSmyFe2-x-yO4 nanocomposite thin films

The fast development in the compact and wearable opto-electronics devices need a high-performance electromagnetic (EM) shielding materials that are shows a unique feature like lightweight and flexible in characteristics that increase the problems of electromagnetic pollution. At present technological aspects, the absorption predominant microwave shielding materials are gain the huge demand for preventing the major problems of electromagnetic interference over the modern electronic devices as well as environment. In the report we presents synthesis of multifunctional composite thin film material that adequately includes the exceptional EMI shielding, mechanical flexibility and magnetic properties of composite thin film for portable and wearable electronic devices which could be operated at GHz frequencies. The Co0.5Ni0.5CexSmyFe2-x-yO4 (denoted as CNCSF) its scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs revel the fact that the samples highly agglomerated characteristics features of the prepared thin film samples, this agglomerated structure of the composite film will enhance the EMI shielding performances and strain sensing responses. Further, the prepared thin films were subjected to characterized XRD and Raman spectroscopic techniques to analyse the crystallinity and different functional groups present in the prepared thin films. By doping of samarium and cesium nanoparticles into the Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2-x-yO4 forms the superior conducting islands and enhances the dielectric and magnetic properties of the composite thin films. Owing to the improved dielectric and magnetic properties this x,y = 0.02 ferrites based thin film nanocomposite with the 0.4 mm thickness exhibit the absorption predominated outstanding electromagnetic shielding responses in the order of −23 dB which is almost equal to 99.67% of shielding efficiency in broad band microwave frequencies. Furthermore, these material-based nanocomposite shields show exceptional stability in EMI shielding efficiency under the different mechanical stretching strains. In addition to superior excellent shielding material, this material-based nanocomposite thin film shows an exceptional strain sensing behaviour, which evident that multifunctional applications of this ferrites based thin material. Owing to the all-unique properties like light weight, flexibility, outstanding EMI-SE and excellent strain sensing behaviour, these ferrites-based material thin film could be employed in flexible and fortable electronic devices as crafty jacket on shield.

ZIF-12-derived N-doped Fe/Co/S/@C nanoparticles as high-performance composite anode electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Different sulfide species of both iron and cobalt metals (FeS2, FeS, CoS, and FeCoS2) are composed together in N-doped porous carbon (NPC) for the synthesis of composite anode materials (labeled as Fe/Co/S@NPC-T hereafter, T = 700, 800, 900) by sulfurization and pyrolysis of Fe/Co-based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-12). Their structural properties are investigated by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, BET and XPS analysis, and Fe/Co/S@NPC-T composite materials, heat treated at different temperatures, are used as anode materials in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. According to XRD results, the heat treatment of the Fe/Co@ZIF-12/S heat treated at 900 °C leads to the formation of the FeCoS2 phase (66 %) along with CoS (33 %) phase impurity. The heat treatment of the Fe/Co@ZIF-12/S heat treated at 800 °C causes the formation of the main phase of FeCoS2 with minor impurity phases of CoS and FeS2. However, pyrolysis of the Fe/Co@ZIF-12/S heat treated at 700 °C leads to the formation of the FeCoS2, CoS, FeS, and FeS2 phases. Among the samples, the highest BET surface area is 53.4 m2/g for the Fe/Co/S@NPC-900 sample. The CV analysis of the battery cell shows anodic and cathodic redox peaks, which belong to the redox reaction of CoS, FeS2, and FeS. The first discharge capacities of the cells for Fe/Co/S@NPC-700, Fe/Co/S@NPC-800 and Fe/Co/S@NPC-900 are 395, 963, 574 mA h/g at 300 mA/g, and 229, 835 and 1024 mA h/g at 1000 mA/g, respectively.