Syntactic Structure Research Articles

Comparative analysis of paraphrasing performance of ChatGPT, GPT‐3, and T5 language models using a new ChatGPT generated dataset: ParaGPT

AbstractParaphrase generation is a fundamental natural language processing (NLP) task that refers to the process of generating a well‐formed and coherent output sentence that exhibits both syntactic and/or lexical diversity from the input sentence, while simultaneously ensuring that the semantic similarity between the two sentences is preserved. However, the availability of high‐quality paraphrase datasets has been limited, particularly for machine‐generated sentences. In this paper, we present ParaGPT, a new paraphrase dataset of 81,000 machine‐generated sentence pairs, including 27,000 reference sentences (ChatGPT‐generated sentences), and 81,000 paraphrases obtained by using three different large language models (LLMs): ChatGPT, GPT‐3, and T5. We used ChatGPT to generate 27,000 sentences that cover a diverse array of topics and sentence structures, thus providing diverse inputs for the models. In addition, we evaluated the quality of the generated paraphrases using various automatic evaluation metrics. Furthermore, we provide insights into the strengths and drawbacks of each LLM in generating paraphrases by conducting a comparative analysis of the paraphrasing performance of the three LLMs. According to our findings, ChatGPT's performance, as per the evaluation metrics provided, was deemed impressive and commendable, owing to its higher‐than‐average scores for semantic similarity, which implies a higher degree of similarity between the generated paraphrase and the reference sentence, and its relatively lower scores for syntactic diversity, indicating a greater diversity of syntactic structures in the generated paraphrase. ParaGPT is a valuable resource for researchers working on NLP tasks like paraphrasing, text simplification, and text generation. We make the ParaGPT dataset publicly accessible to researchers, and as far as we are aware, this is the first paraphrase dataset produced based on ChatGPT.

A ver (si): diacronía de un marcador del discurso en español

Abstract In this work, the diachronic perspective is used to explain the coexistence in current Spanish of three constructions: a) syntactic structures like a ver (si) + complement, integrated into the sentence framework, b) non-sentence fragments like a ver and c) independent structures, like a ver si + sentence complement. Out-side the sentence framework, both non-sentence fragments and independent sen-tences fulfil pragmatic values (interactive) or discursive values (favoring the construction of discourse). To carry out this diachronic investigation, we start from the syntactic insubordination hypothesis (cf. Evans 2007; Evans/Watanabe 2016), assuming that independence structures are the result of their insubordination from the governing nucleus of the sentence framework. In the first place, according to the documentation provided by the Corpus del Diccionario histórico de la lengua española (CDH), it is verified when the integrated syntactic structures like a ver (si) + complement, which we call experimentation structures, begin to be documented and when they stabilize in the language. The body of documents is subsequently reviewed to verify the first cases of syntactic insubordination and to verify how these syntactic independence processes end up being conventionalized and start to function as procedural marks with pragmatic and discursive value.

Labeling by type

Abstract The primary goal of this article is to take advantage of some recent theoretical innovations in syntactic theorizing to propose a novel characterization of some of the basic word-order types isolated by typological research. In the minimalist framework, a necessary condition for a derivation to converge is that the structure it generates should be appropriately labeled. This requirement in particular holds for the major syntactic structures displayed by the various linguistic types. It will be argued that labeling theory, combined with phase theory and the variable syntax of inflectional and discourse features, offers contrasting characterizations of these structures and, as such, provides a window on how exactly SVO, V1 and V2 grammatical systems differ: they differ precisely in the strategy that each type selects in order for neutral declarative root clauses to satisfy the labeling requirement. It will also be shown that the topic and focus structures involving phrasal movement to the periphery, although different parametric choices are made by the various grammatical systems considered here, basically conform to the same requirement.

Syntactic Priming Effects During the Comprehension of Passive Voice in Portuguese

Syntactic priming refers to the facilitation that occurs in the processing of a given complex syntactic structure when the speaker has been previously exposed to the same structure or to a similar one. Using a self-paced reading task, we investigate the effects of syntactic priming during the comprehension of passive sentences in Brazilian Portuguese (BP). Adult native speakers of BP read target passive sentences in primed and unprimed conditions, with verb repetition between prime and target in both conditions. Our results show that participants read target sentences faster in the primed than in the unprimed condition, that is, after having been exposed to the same syntactic structure in a previous sentence. These findings indicate that, at least in part, the processing of passive voice was facilitated by repeated exposure to the syntactic structure. We interpret these results as evidence of syntatic persistence and residual activation.

From a Logical Connective to a Discourse Marker: The Functions of “So” Dependent on its Location

Traditional studies have been referring to Halliday’s meta-function of language to classify the uses of “so” as a discourse marker. However, there are some overlaps in the theories that were accepted earlier. Thus, this study first seeks to explore the discourse roles of “so” in terms of where it appears (utterance-initial, -middle, and -final) in dialogues and monologues of informal English language based on the TV Corpus and AntConc tool. Second, this paper tries to explain the extended use and internal functional mapping of “so” from a logical connective to a discourse marker in spoken English by building a connection between the two uses and providing an account for its functional borrowing. The ultimate goal is to render a new perspective of presenting both the logical and the discourse functions of “so” related to the syntactical structure and pragmatic context it is in.

A dependency distance approach to the syntactic complexity variation in the connected speech of Alzheimer’s disease

Previous research on the syntax complexity variation in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease primarily focuses on isolated language features like sentence length or syntactic structure, with limited exploration of their connection to memory and cognitive deficits. This study investigated the syntactic complexity variation in AD by associating working memory load with fine-grained syntactic features adopting a dependency distance approach. The findings include: (1) AD patients had shorter mean dependency distances (MDD) and more head-final dependencies compared to the HC group; (2) The patients still produced their speech under the DDM tendency but exhibited a stronger preference for simple syntactic structures; (3) Sentences produced by AD patients were statistically shorter than the HC group, and the patients exhibited greater difficulty handling syntactic structures as sentence length increases; (4) The patients could employ different syntactic structures but perform worse in extending them, particularly in nominal groups and hypotactic constructions; (5) The patients showed stronger reliance on sentence-initial adjuncts and inverted constructions. These findings suggest that syntactic impairments in AD exhibit a potential hierarchical decline along the continuum of syntactic complexity, with working memory deficits being a critical factor.

Brain and grammar: revealing electrophysiological basic structures with competing statistical models.

Acoustic, lexical, and syntactic information are simultaneously processed in the brain requiring complex strategies to distinguish their electrophysiological activity. Capitalizing on previous works that factor out acoustic information, we could concentrate on the lexical and syntactic contribution to language processing by testing competing statistical models. We exploited electroencephalographic recordings and compared different surprisal models selectively involving lexical information, part of speech, or syntactic structures in various combinations. Electroencephalographic responses were recorded in 32 participants during listening to affirmative active declarative sentences. We compared the activation corresponding to basic syntactic structures, such as noun phrases vs. verb phrases. Lexical and syntactic processing activates different frequency bands, partially different time windows, and different networks. Moreover, surprisal models based on part of speech inventory only do not explain well the electrophysiological data, while those including syntactic information do. By disentangling acoustic, lexical, and syntactic information, we demonstrated differential brain sensitivity to syntactic information. These results confirm and extend previous measures obtained with intracranial recordings, supporting our hypothesis that syntactic structures are crucial in neural language processing. This study provides a detailed understanding of how the brain processes syntactic information, highlighting the importance of syntactic surprisal in shaping neural responses during language comprehension.

La transmission écrite de la pratique du « débriefing francophone » depuis sa naissance jusqu’à nos jours

BackgroundFor the very reason we are talking about it, there is such a thing as “French débriefing”. But what is, or are, its precise and consensual definition(s)? What are the origins of this form of débriefing and, more importantly, how has it evolved to the present day? How have the conceptual notions it covers developed? What are its practical processes and the therapeutic mechanisms used to specifically deal with trauma and its clinical consequences? And finally, are there any scientific studies that evaluate the effectiveness of this framework for treatment? Although the majority of psychologists and psychiatrists alike are not well-versed in the sciences of language, they never-the-less provide an unprecedented arena for reflection. In this article, we present a linguistic analysis of the body of scientific papers which, over three decades, inspired the inception and subsequent evolution of what we still call today “French débriefing”. Materials and methodsWe identified French-language articles published in medical and psychological journals between 1990 and 2019 by entering the keyword “débriefing” in five search engines (PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PsycInfo, Ascodocpsy) as well as in the thesauri of the interuniversity library of medicine of Paris and the central library of the French army health service. This bibliography was supplemented by consulting the personal archives of two general medical officers, former heads of military psychiatric services, then further increased on the basis of the references cited in the primary works selected. After a complete reading, only those publications that contained a mention of “French débriefing” of more than 100 words were finally retained. The extracted data combines the number of papers per year of publication, journals, authors (research team, place of practice). The titles, abstracts and the full texts of the articles were converted to HTML format to allow examination by three discourse analysis software programs. ResultsOver three decades, 122 papers focus on French débriefing, or an average of just over four per year. Articles devoted to conceptualization account for almost a third of the total, equivalent to those dealing with practice in real-life situations ; generalist and organizational areas appear to be over-represented compared to scientific studies. We emphasize the presence of three articles dedicated to ethics (in 2004 and 2009). Only one work focuses on educational transmission using an original healthcare simulation method (2016). We have summarized the consensual organization of débriefing in French as well as its practical application. The number of papers dealing specifically with therapeutic mechanisms corresponds to less than 10 % of the selected references and can be summarized in fewer than twenty proposals that we cite. DiscussionThe question of transmission, whether verbal or written, takes on a singular meaning in the field of the treatment of psychological trauma, disorders that by their very nature are marked by indescribability. How can the practitioner demonstrate knowledge of the unrepresentable? Publications in specialized journals provide us with information about the evolution of the state of the art - or at least what the authors say about it - and the transmission of knowledge with the aim, ultimately, of being useful to field practice. But as we have highlighted, the theoretical language on trauma risks, in itself, in its lexico-semantic, syntactic and pragmatic structure, carrying the very traumatic symptoms that it wishes to treat! Perhaps this is the reason for the absence of sufficiently scientific studies that make it possible to precisely evaluate the practice of French débriefing and in particular to highlight its therapeutic mechanisms? ConclusionWriting remains a major vector for the transmission of knowledge, but this writing, like the study of it, necessarily evolves as a function of societal context, on the one hand, and must be confronted with other sources of knowledge, particularly oral, on the other hand. The literature corpus analysis methodology that we have carried out will soon be superseded by the possibilities of automatic language analysis developed by artificial intelligence. Beyond the analysis of theoretical corpora, contemporary psycholinguistics also offers us the possibility of identifying, in patients’ discourse, diagnostic linguomarkers that are more sensitive and specific than metric scales or structured interviews based on international classifications. New psycholinguistic entities are likely to emerge, such as the “Traumatic Psycholinguistic Syndrome”, which accounts for trauma by studying the lexico-semantic, syntactic and pragmatic dimensions of the language of mentally afflicted patients. In order to help diagnose and monitor the evolution of symptoms, software already exists that is capable of analyzing the patient's speech in real time during consultations! While confronting us with dizzying anthropological questions, this will lead us to better identify psychological suffering as well as to better understand effective psychotherapeutic mechanisms.

Detecting angloversal tendencies in the outer circle: a pilot study on a Maltese English speaker

Abstract World Englishes constitute an ever-developing study field where keeping track of the real-time changes which occur in language usage is a challenging task. This chapter aims at broadening the application field of the research on angloversals, described in literature as particular features divergent from Standard English and shared by English varieties across the world regardless of their geographical proximity or cultural affiliation. The present qualitative study hypothesises the presence of angloversals in Maltese English and considers a blended methodological approach to verify the research hypothesis. The study was performed on selected oral excerpts taken from a random interview to a speaker of the Maltese English continuum. Both the interviewee and the interviewer are native Maltese speakers and communicated in English all throughout the interview with no instances of code mixing between the two languages. Syntactical structures containing the overuse of the progressive aspect, article omission and resumptive pronouns, as well as unmarked phonology traits have been included in the angloversal categories by previous research on the matter. Said features are particularly found in contexts where language contact has had an impact on both the substrate and superstrate languages. This is the case for the Maltese context, where explanations for the plausible presence of the above features are to be sought in the realms of transfer from Maltese to English, language universals and pragmatic principles.

A Linguistic-Discourse Analysis of the Language of Psalm 23

This paper examines the linguistic-discourse Analysis of Psalm 23, from the holy Bible, the book of the Christian religion. Linguistic-discourse analysis is one of the approaches used in disbanding the entanglements and ambiguities in language study. The linguistics and discourse features discussed include the graphological features, phonological features, syntactic structure,lexico-semantic representation, and cohesive relations. The graphological features are the punctuation marks, indentation, paragraphing and capitalization of letters in the text. The phonological features in the text are alliteration and assonance. Moreover, the syntactic structure includes short phrases, clauses, sentences, and pattern repetition, and the use of archaic pronouns which form part of the clauses and sentences. The lexico-semantic representation explains the linguistic explanation of the structure and meaning of the text. Consequently, the cohesive relations discussed in the text are anaphora, cataphora, substitution, conjunction, synonym,repetition and collocational converse. The theoretical framework adopted in this study is the Neo-Firthian Hallidayan Systemic Functional Grammar . The word 'systemic' means that language is viewed as a set of options for making meaning (Halliday, 1990; Obodeh, 2018). Brown and Yule (1983) Theory on Discourse analysis is also used as a backup to Halliday systemic grammar. The theory contains four approaches which include reference, presupposition, implicative and influence. Brown and Yule stated that the theory would help in the analysis of written textual, spoken and interaction for the research and also for the reader of the analysis, and this paper is an analysis of a written discourse. The library is also one of the research methods for this study. This is where books, journals and other useful research information are kept. The analysis in the study portrays the fact that a religious text could be analysed using the tenets of linguistics discourse. Since language is a tool of all activities in life, this paper therefore has tried to solve some language problems by analyzing the linguistics and discourse features of the language of the text, Psalm 23, for better understanding of the text by readers, clergy, congregations, and scholar of language and literature in particular and the academia in general.

THE SYNTACTIC MEANS OF EMPHASIS IN THE ENGLISH PROMOTIONAL DISCOURSE

The article considers the emphatic patterns of syntactic structures used for highlighting communicatively relevant elements in promotional discourse with a strong persuasive effect. The research was conducted on the material of 19 automobile promotional brochures containing valuable information about automobile brands and their manufacturers for the target audience. The aim of the research was to study emphatic structures occurring in the English promotional discourse and determine the most frequently used types of emphasis. The study found that the emphatic displacement towards the anaphoric syntactic position occurred most frequently for underlining semantically relevant speech elements. The anaphoric emphasis is intended for the rhematization of thematic parts, which, nevertheless, does not diminish the significance of the cataphoric position, being traditionally occupied by the rheme. In addition, the syntactic emphasis was actively accompanied by discursive intensifier words, which, according to the quantitative data, were used in the middle of the emphatic sentences most frequently, thus fulfilling the function of retaining attention in continuation of the emphatic beginning. Due to the rheme displacement and discursive words, the entire emphatic structure becomes in the focus of readers’ attention against the background of surrounding discourse. The most common syntactic means of emphasis, in descending order, are the following: fronting, pseudo-cleft and cleft sentences, inversion, elaborative, introductory and duplicative sentences. The results of the research can be used for teaching linguistic text analysis and applied aspects of linguistics to students specializing in linguistics and professional English to students majoring in advertising and PR.

Theory of mind performance of large language models: A comparative analysis of Turkish and English

Theory of mind (ToM), understanding others’ mental states, is a defining skill belonging to humans. Research assessing LLMs’ ToM performance yields conflicting findings and leads to discussions about whether and how they could show ToM understanding. Psychological research indicates that the characteristics of a specific language can influence how mental states are represented and communicated. Thus, it is reasonable to expect language characteristics to influence how LLMs communicate with humans, especially when the conversation involves references to mental states. This study examines how these characteristics affect LLMs’ ToM performance by evaluating GPT 3.5 and 4 performances in English and Turkish. Turkish provides an excellent contrast to English since Turkish has a different syntactic structure and special verbs, san- and zannet-, meaning “falsely believe.” Using Open AI's Chat Completion API, we collected responses from GPT models for first- and second-order ToM scenarios in English and Turkish. Our innovative approach combined completion prompts and open-ended questions within the same chat session, offering deep insights into models’ reasoning processes. Our data showed that while GPT models can respond accurately to standard ToM tasks (100% accuracy), their performance deteriorates (below chance level) with slight modifications. This high sensitivity suggests a lack of robustness in ToM performance. GPT 4 outperformed its predecessor, GPT 3.5, showing improvement in ToM performance to some extent. The models generally performed better when tasks were presented in English than in Turkish. These findings indicate that GPT models cannot reliably pass first-order and second-order ToM tasks in either of the languages yet. The findings have significant implications for Explainability of LLMs by highlighting challenges and biases that they face when simulating human-like ToM understanding in different languages.

Flat structure: a minimalist program for syntax

Abstract We explore the possibility of assuming largely flat syntactic structures in Simpler Syntax, suggesting that these are plausible alternatives to conventional hierarchical structures. We consider the implications of flat structure for analyses of various linguistic phenomena in English, including heavy NP shift, extraposition, topicalization and constituent order variation in the VP. We also sketch a general strategy to circumvent some of the problems flat structure is said to cause for semantic interpretation. Our proposals eliminate the need for movement, unpronounced copies and feature-bearing nodes postulated to trigger syntactic operations. We assume the Parallel Architecture and use declarative schemas to establish direct correspondences between phonology on the one hand and syntactic and semantic structures on the other. The resulting picture is one in which narrow syntax can be relatively stable across languages and constructions, largely reflecting the structure of human thought, and the main source of linguistic variation is the linearization of conceptual and syntactic structures. Unlike other minimalist theories that reach a similar conclusion, the theory we propose takes mappings to phonology to be central to the architecture of grammar.

Experimental Methodologies. A Corpus-Based Approach

On the basis of data, we analyse two different pairs of syntactic patterns, the so called dative alternation and particle placement of transitive phrasal verbs. Although it has sometimes been argued that only experimental data can contribute to studies of priming, the analysis shows that (a) the corpus-based results for datives are very similar to the experimental ones; (b) priming is also obtained for the verb particle construction, a construction hitherto not explored in the priming literature and (c), most importantly, in line with much previous psycholinguistic and corpus linguistic work, priming effects turn out to be strongly verb-specific such that some verbs are much more resistant or responsive to priming than others. As a variety of studies has shown, speakers tend to repeat syntactic structures they have just encountered (produced or comprehended) before.

Information structure in Makhuwa: Electrophysiological evidence for a universal processing account

There is evidence from both behavior and brain activity that the way information is structured, through the use of focus, can up-regulate processing of focused constituents, likely to give prominence to the relevant aspects of the input. This is hypothesized to be universal, regardless of the different ways in which languages encode focus. In order to test this universalist hypothesis, we need to go beyond the more familiar linguistic strategies for marking focus, such as by means of intonation or specific syntactic structures (e.g., it-clefts). Therefore, in this study, we examine Makhuwa-Enahara, a Bantu language spoken in northern Mozambique, which uniquely marks focus through verbal conjugation. The participants were presented with sentences that consisted of either a semantically anomalous constituent or a semantically nonanomalous constituent. Moreover, focus on this particular constituent could be either present or absent. We observed a consistent pattern: Focused information generated a more negative N400 response than the same information in nonfocus position. This demonstrates that regardless of how focus is marked, its consequence seems to result in an upregulation of processing of information that is in focus.

Exploring the linguistic complexity of third-grade numerical literacy

Reading numbers aloud, a central aspect of numerical literacy, is a challenging skill to acquire, but the origins of this difficulty remain poorly understood. To investigate this matter, we examined the performance of 127 third- and fourth-grade children who read aloud, in Hebrew, numbers with 2–5 digits. We found several key observations. First, we observed a substantial variation among the 3rd graders—7% and 59% errors in the top and bottom deciles, respectively. Second, the task difficulty stemmed from syntactic processing: Most errors were distortions of the number’s syntax, as opposed to digit substitutions or transpositions, and the main factor affecting a specific number’s difficulty was not its magnitude, as is commonly assumed, but rather its syntactic structure. Third, number reading performance was not predicted by a school-like task that assessed syntactic-conceptual knowledge of the decimal system structure, but rather by knowledge of specific syntactic-verbal rules, suggesting that the syntactic-verbal knowledge is separate from the syntactic-conceptual knowledge. Last, there was a double dissociation between 4-digit numbers and 5-digit numbers, which in Hebrew have completely different syntactic structures: Half of the children showed a significant advantage in one number length compared to the other, with equal numbers of children preferring either length. This indicates that the different syntactic-verbal rules are learned relatively independently of each other, with little or no generalization from one rule to another. In light of these findings, we propose that schools should specifically teach number reading, with focus on specific syntactic-verbal rules.

Structural and sequential regularities modulate phrase-rate neural tracking

Electrophysiological brain activity has been shown to synchronize with the quasi-regular repetition of grammatical phrases in connected speech—so-called phrase-rate neural tracking. Current debate centers around whether this phenomenon is best explained in terms of the syntactic properties of phrases or in terms of syntax-external information, such as the sequential repetition of parts of speech. As these two factors were confounded in previous studies, much of the literature is compatible with both accounts. Here, we used electroencephalography (EEG) to determine if and when the brain is sensitive to both types of information. Twenty native speakers of Mandarin Chinese listened to isochronously presented streams of monosyllabic words, which contained either grammatical two-word phrases (e.g., catch fish, sell house) or non-grammatical word combinations (e.g., full lend, bread far). Within the grammatical conditions, we varied two structural factors: the position of the head of each phrase and the type of attachment. Within the non-grammatical conditions, we varied the consistency with which parts of speech were repeated. Tracking was quantified through evoked power and inter-trial phase coherence, both derived from the frequency-domain representation of EEG responses. As expected, neural tracking at the phrase rate was stronger in grammatical sequences than in non-grammatical sequences without syntactic structure. Moreover, it was modulated by both attachment type and head position, revealing the structure-sensitivity of phrase-rate tracking. We additionally found that the brain tracks the repetition of parts of speech in non-grammatical sequences. These data provide an integrative perspective on the current debate about neural tracking effects, revealing that the brain utilizes regularities computed over multiple levels of linguistic representation in guiding rhythmic computation.

Students’ writing performance in higher education: An empirical study in English creative writing class

This study investigated students’ writing performance concerning the problems that obstruct their perception of good writing skills. It also examined students’ ability to identify their composition, including their introductory paragraph, supporting sentences, concluding paragraph, supporting sentences, concluding paragraph, and correcting linguistic errors such as spelling, grammar, and punctuation, among other things. Using a qualitative method, data were collected from undergraduate students who enrolled in a creative writing class. Thirteen students, ages twenty to twenty-one, took part in the interview process to find out more about the strategies and resources available to them for enhancing the linguistic accuracy of their writing. The findings revealed that most of the students’ issues were related to language use. Mastering a second language is a different issue, in that, they must learn the grammar, vocabulary, syntactic structures, and other aspects of the new language. Students who had difficulty reading and writing in English had to work harder to develop concepts and thoughts for their writing assignments. Keywords: Creative writing; English language; higher education; performance; undergraduate.

Verbal short term memory contribution to sentence comprehension decreases with increasing syntactic complexity in people with aphasia

Sentence comprehension requires the integration of linguistic units presented in a temporal sequence based on a non-linear underlying syntactic structure. While it is uncontroversial that storage is mandatory for this process, there are opposing views regarding the relevance of general short-term-/working-memory capacities (STM/WM) versus language specific resources. Here we report results from 43 participants with an acquired brain lesion in the extended left hemispheric language network and resulting language deficits, who performed a sentence-to-picture matching task and an experimental task assessing phonological short-term memory. The sentence task systematically varied syntactic complexity (embedding depth and argument order) while lengths, number of propositions and plausibility were kept constant. Clinical data including digit-/ block-spans and lesion size and site were additionally used in the analyses. Correlational analyses confirm that performance on STM/WM-tasks (experimental task and digit-span) are the only two relevant predictors for correct sentence-picture-matching, while reaction times only depended on age and lesion size. Notably increasing syntactic complexity reduced the correlational strength speaking for the additional recruitment of language specific resources independent of more general verbal STM/WM capacities, when resolving complex syntactic structure. The complementary lesion-behaviour analysis yielded different lesion volumes correlating with either the sentence-task or the STM-task. Factoring out STM measures lesions in the anterior temporal lobe correlated with a larger decrease in accuracy with increasing syntactic complexity. We conclude that overall sentence comprehension depends on STM/WM capacity, while increases in syntactic complexity tax another independent cognitive resource.

HYPNOINDUCTORS OF THE EFFECTIVE FORMULA OF POSITIVATION IN SOCIAL ADVERTISING DISCOURSE

The article is devoted to influential elements of social advertising discourse, where Milton-model inductions are arranged, which is proposed to be nominated as hypnoinducers. The purpose of the study was to identify actual hypnoinducers of the influential formula of positivity in social advertising discourse. The object of intelligence research is Ukrainian advertising megadiscourse, the subject is suggestive markers of Ukrainian social advertising discourse. General scientific methods contributed to the delineation of specific features of social advertising discourse, various types of hypnoinducers (descriptive method); identification of the components of a communicative suggestion and combining them into a whole (methods of analysis and synthesis); concretization of general conclusions (method of induction); construction of formula models of advertising influence (modeling method). Special linguistic — the study of the semantic load and functional features of linguistic components of social advertising discourse (contextualinterpretive and component analysis) and the communicative nature of advertising suggestogens (elements of discursive analysis). The methodological base of the latest scientific directions (suggestive linguistics and neurolinguistic programming) made it possible to differentiate and systematize relevant markers (hypnoinducers) of advertising suggestion (methods of meta- and Milton-model identification and suggestive qualification, which are distinguished by R. Bandler, J. Grinder, M. Erikson, T. Yu. Kovalevska. The formulas of vectors of emotional orientation of influence are presented: positivity, negation and change of vector (in commercial, political and social advertising discourses), where special attention is paid to the formula of positivity realized in social advertising discourse. Relevant hypnoinducers, which are fixed in the above formula. In particular, hypnoinducers of complex syntactic structure + lexical-semantic hypnoinductors ("point" markers) and actually lexical-semantic hypnoinducers are singled out. Truisms can act as hypnoinducers of complex syntactic structure; pattern break; "reading thoughts" complicated by other hypnoinducers, and quotations, or "quotes" of an established and transformed structure, which, in turn, often act as separate hypnoinducers without the support of lexical and semantic markers. Elements of the inverse metamodel of the processes of omission (nominalization, nonspecific vocabulary) and generalization (universal quantifiers, modal operators of necessity) act as lexical-semantic hypnoinducers. The characteristic feature is the presence of affectives as super (powerful) hypnoinducers, the presence of ergonomics varies, and predicates are not clearly represented. Prospects for research development: in-depth analysis and systematization of current hypnoinducers in various genres of advertising discourse, which will expand the spectrum of the most effective influential dominants.