Syntactic Methods Research Articles

Pola Fungsi Kalimat pada Teks Pidato Capres RI 2024 dalam Berita Daring Detik News sebagai Sumber Bacaan Siswa Kelas 10 SMA

Everyone must have the ability to speak, especially a leader. When writing speech texts, you are expected to be able to write sentence patterns correctly and understandably. The aim of writing this article is to study the function patterns of sentences in the text of the 2024 RI presidential candidate's speech in the online news Detik News to broaden the insight of researchers and readers, especially as a reading source for grade 10 high school students. This research was conducted so that researchers and readers could compose speech texts and deliver speeches with a correct and appropriate structure. This research uses a pragmatic approach and carries out analysis by identifying sentence patterns in the text of the 2024 Indonesian presidential candidate's speech published in the online news Detik News. Information about the data taken is text that contains the sentence structure of speech texts in Indonesian language learning for class X students. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method and a syntactic method. The data collection technique uses listening and taking note techniques. After researching the text of the 2023 Indonesian presidential candidate's speech on the online news Detik News, various sentence patterns were found. These sentence patterns consist of, among others, single sentence patterns, equivalent compound sentence patterns, multilevel compound sentence patterns, and mixed compound sentence patterns. It is hoped that the results of the analysis from this article will increase students' knowledge in writing and analyzing speech texts well and correctly, and also not only writing and analyzing but also hopefully being able to give public speeches well and of course correctly.

PROPER NAMES OF THE SEAS: STRUCTURE, ORIGIN, FUNCTIONING IN UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE

The main goal of our research is to collect, systematize and analyze the proper names of all seas that are in the Ukrainian language. The purpose of the research involves solving the following tasks: 1) to draw up a register of pelagonyms; 2) determine their denotative and characteristic features; 3) find out etymological and word-forming features; 4) describe the peculiarities of functioning in the Ukrainian language; 5) establish the defining features of this type of proper names. The object of analysis is 238 pelagonyms, and their denotative-characteristic, etymological-word-forming and functional features are the subject of analysis. In the process of analysis, we used genetic (to determine the origin of proper names), etymological (to find out the features of names creation), descriptive (to determine the extralingual features of pelagonyms), structural (to characterize the structure of names), functional (to describe features related to the functioning of seas names in texts of various styles) research methods and the method of quantitative calculations (to determine the productivity of different types of pelagonyms). It was established that compound constructions (the most productive models are "noun + adjective" and "noun + noun"), formed by a syntactic method, with combined motivation (in particular, locative-, memorial-, and qualitative-substantial) dominate, they are derived from onyms and appellatives. Geographical terms and anthroponyms or toponyms prevail in their composition. Most pelagonyms are ancient, hybrid, lowfrequency, emotionally neutral names that have a known and obscure etymology, are used in a scientific style, are elements of language (not speech), belong to the passive vocabulary, are unknown to the general public, and are devoid of ethnocultural meaning. In the future, we plan to pay attention to the general characteristics of other proper names: both open water bodies (for example, loughs or streams), and such categories as oikonyms, oronyms, or choronyms. Over time, this will make it possible to form a complete picture of the Ukrainian toponymy.

The logic and Philosophy of so-called moral and semantic Innocence

Using semantic and syntactic methods, we prove the compatibility of the truth of universally quantified slurring sentences of the form [all Ss are Ns] or [all Ss are S*s] with the existential core of moral and semantic innocence. We also show that proving their mutual compatibility by means of logic leaves untouched the moral problem tied to their material truth. Finally, we trace the problem back to the failure to signal in the spelling of the slurring term’s meaning that the derogatory concept it denotes is not universally accepted.

Comparative Analysis of Semantic and Syntactic Approaches in Automatic Text Summarization: A Comprehensive Review and Evaluation

It is very important to use automatic text summarization to turn long chunks of text into short, useful snippets. In the area of automatic text summary, this study looks at both semantic and syntactic methods in great detail. Using methods like natural language understanding and semantic processing, semantic approaches try to get meaning and context from writing. These methods try to get at the main ideas and connections in the material so that recaps can be more complex and full of information. Syntactic methods, on the other hand, focus on the structure of language, such as grammar and syntax. To find important sentences and phrases for summarization, methods like sentence extraction based on grammar patterns and grammatical analysis are used. Syntactic methods often make sure that the outlines they create are grammatically right and make sense. This review compares both methods in a number of areas, such as how well they capture the spirit of the original text, how well the generated snippets make sense, how quickly they can be produced, and how well they can be used with different types of material. The pros and cons of each method are shown in comparative studies, which help us understand how they can be used in various areas and situations. Recent improvements that combine semantic and syntactic methods have also shown promise in making automatic recaps better overall and more helpful. The goal of these mixed methods is to make reports that are both verbally and semantically correct by using the benefits of both semantic understanding and syntactic structure. This review gives us a more complete picture of how automatic text summarization methods are changing. It stresses how important it is to look at both semantic and syntactic approaches in order to make the field move forward and create better and more advanced summary systems.

Sequent Systems for Consequence Relations of Cyclic Linear Logics

Linear Logic is a versatile framework with diverse applications in computer science and mathematics. One intriguing fragment of Linear Logic is Multiplicative-Additive Linear Logic (MALL), which forms the exponential-free component of the larger framework. Modifying MALL, researchers have explored weaker logics such as Noncommutative MALL (Bilinear Logic, BL) and Cyclic MALL (CyMALL) to investigate variations in commutativity. In this paper, we focus on Cyclic Nonassociative Bilinear Logic (CyNBL), a variant that combines noncommutativity and nonassociativity. We introduce a sequent system for CyNBL, which includes an auxiliary system for incorporating nonlogical axioms. Notably, we establish the cut elimination property for CyNBL. Moreover, we establish the strong conservativeness of CyNBL over Full Nonassociative Lambek Calculus (FNL) without additive constants. The paper highlights that all proofs are constructed using syntactic methods, ensuring their constructive nature. We provide insights into constructing cut-free proofs and establishing a logical relationship between CyNBL and FNL.

An Application of Syntactic Semantic Analysis in English and Arabic Translation

This paper aims at studying certain syntactic and semantic aspects in English and Arabic. It specifically applies the syntactic method of Transformational Generative Grammar (TGG) and the semantic model thematic roles in certain English sentences and their Arabic translation from a linguistic point of view. It provides a theoretical background of TGG and thematic roles as the basic framework of the analysis applied in this study. The data includes selected English sentences from three different short stories along with their Arabic equivalents. The co-analysis of the English sentences and their Arabic translations is based syntactically on Chomsky's TGG (1965) and semantically on Fillmore's thematic roles (1977). The results of the study shows that syntax and semantics within these two languages make some kind of interface. This emphasizes the idea of linguistic universals advocated by Chomsky. The application of co-analysis indicates that the syntactic and semantic aspects can be relatively similar in English and Arabic particularly in terms of the type of the noun phrases in the deep and surface structures and semantic roles. The study concludes that translation is a practical field where the feasibility and utility of linguistic theories and ideas can be tested, and that integration and application of more than one approach in translation such as TGG analysis and semantic roles can help in producing more appropriate translations. However, it should be stated that syntax semantics interface and its overlapping can't be solely used in translation studies.

Methods of word-formation in modern english: The syntactic method

Methods of word-formation in modern english: The syntactic method

The phenomenon of parcelling in the modern literary Kazakh language

Relevance. This paper examines the phenomenon of parcelling in the modern literary Kazakh language. The relevance of this study lies in the fact that there is a scientific need to develop information related to the phenomenon of parcelling as a syntactic method of speech in the Kazakh literary language.Purpose. The purpose of this study is to determine the place of parcelling as a phenomenon in the modern literary Kazakh language along with other syntactic and stylistic phenomena.Methodology. To achieve the research purpose, the following methods were applied: the method of component analysis of scientific information, logical comparison, descriptive, structural, as well as typological method.Results. The paper analyses the concept of parcelling, as well as its role as a means of dividing the text content into speech intonation-semantic units. The parcelled construction is analysed as a special technique that has a contradictory and destructive-constructive nature. When studying the subject "The phenomenon of parcelling in the modern literary Kazakh language", the methodological basis was the works of researchers who consider the relatively new concept of "parcelling" in their works.Conclusions. The practical value of the conducted research lies in the fact that the theoretical information considered in this study can be applied by linguists, philologists, and specialists of higher educational institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan when compiling manuals on philological disciplines and methodological recommendations for students and schoolchildren studying the Kazakh language. The results of this research can serve as a theoretical basis for the classification of methodological techniques for working with parcelling constructions in the modern literary Kazakh language.

English language analysis using pattern recognition and machine learning

Pattern identification and classification in complicated systems are difficult. This study uses optical character recognition (OCR) to digitize handwritten data. OCR segments and categorizes characters using online and offline methods for different input sources. Hindi and Bangladeshi categorization results unite linguistic studies. Handwriting recognition systems create editable digital documents from touchscreens, electronic pens, scanners, and photographs. Statistical, structural, neural network and syntactic methods improve online and offline recognition. In “english language analysis using pattern recognition and machine learning,” the accuracy of various approaches is examined, showing deep convolution neural networks (DCNN) 98% accuracy in recognizing subtle linguistic patterns. Nave Bayes, a trustworthy language analysis approach, has 96.2% accuracy. Table recognition (TR) algorithms retrieve structured information at 97%. This method outperforms others with 98.4% accuracy. This unique strategy could improve english language analysis using cutting-edge pattern recognition and machine learning techniques.

A syntactic method for robot imitation learning of complex sequence task

PurposeAiming at the problems of weak generalization of robot imitation learning methods and higher accuracy requirements of low-level detectors, this study aims to propose an imitation learning method based on structural grammar.Design/methodology/approachThe paper proposes a hybrid training model based on artificial immune algorithm and the Baum–Welch algorithm to extract the action information of the demonstration activity to form the {action-object} sequence and extract the symbol description of the scene to form the symbol primitives sequence. Then, probabilistic context-free grammar is used to characterize and manipulate these sequences to form a grammar space. Minimum description length criteria are used to evaluate the quality of the grammar in the grammar space, and the improved beam search algorithm is used to find the optimal grammar.FindingsIt is found that the obtained general structure can parse the symbol primitive sequence containing noise and obtain the correct sequence, thereby guiding the robot to perform more complex and higher-order demonstration tasks.Practical implicationsUsing this strategy, the robot completes the fourth-order Hanoi tower task has been verified.Originality/valueAn imitation learning method for robots based on structural grammar is first proposed. The experimental results show that the method has strong generalization ability and good anti-interference performance.

Syntactical method for reconstructing highly fragmented OOXML files

A common task in computer forensics is to recover files that lack file system metadata. In the case of searching for file fragments in unallocated space, file carving is the most often used method, which is ideal for unfragmented data. However, such methods and the tools based on them are ineffective for recovering OOXML files with a high fragmentation level. These methods do not provide reliable determination of the correct order of fragments. Techniques for reconstructing documents based on the analysis of words and phrases are also ineffective in fragmented OOXML documents. The main reason is that OOXML files are ZIP archives and, as a result, store data on disk space in a compressed form. This paper proposes a syntactical method for reconstructing OOXML documents based on knowledge about the internal structure of this file type, regardless of their content. The details of the implementation of the reconstruction algorithm and the peculiarities of restoring certain types of local elements of the document were considered. The efficiency of the algorithm was tested on the Govdocs1 and NapierOne datasets. The proposed method was applied to 4096-byte data blocks, which correspond to the standard cluster size in different file systems. The experimental results confirmed the method's suitability for practical use with 82.97 % of recovered files, including 34.38 % reconstructed completely, 0.43 % excluding the last 21 bytes at most, and another 48.16 % excluding embeddings that require other approaches. In the latter case, obtaining a fully working document without displaying graphic images and other contents of different embeddings is possible. The presence in OOXML files of CRC-32 hashes of the uncompressed data stream of each local element allows us to confirm the correctness of information recovery and its integrity unambiguously. Simultaneously, the method's effectiveness depends mainly on data verification methods during the reconstruction of local elements that occupy at least three clusters in the file. Therefore, this method is supposed to be improved by developing new mechanisms for verifying XML elements.

문단간 연결관계와 세그먼트 정보를 이용한 주관식 문항 채점 시스템에 대한 연구

High quality evaluation needs the subjective-type grading. However it is not easy as natural language processing. Recently, the morphological and syntactic method has used in this research area, but, can not get the good grading because of absence of good semantic analysis and paragraphic connection analysis. To solve the problem we have to do high quality syntactic-semantic analysis and paragraphic connection relation analysis. This paper suggests the subjective-type question grading system using the paragraphic connection relation and segment information. This system is the hybrid system of word based, syntactic-semantic tree based, and paragraphic connection based grading system. The experiment result of the system shows it has the better result than the word based system and syntactic- semantic tree based system. Thus it shows the paragraphic connection information is a necessity for subjective-type grading. This system will be utilized in Korean subjective question grading and document classification.

What do ultraproducts remember about the original structures?

Abstract We describe a syntactic method for taking proofs that use ultraproducts and translating them into direct, constructive proofs.

Структурно-семантичні характеристики термінологічної лексики в художньому творі та особливості її перекладу (на матеріалі роману Джона Грішема «Фірма»)

The article substantiates the importance of the problem of adequate translation of English economic terms into the Ukrainian language, as they carry a serious semantic load in artistic works. The source of the factual material was John Grisham’s novel «The Firm». The purpose of the work is to show on the material of an artistic work how professional and terminological vocabulary is used as one of the means of artistic imagery and to conduct an analysis of the structural and semantic characteristics of the terminology and the peculiarities of its translation into the Ukrainian language. The total volume of the sample is 786 terms, of which 458 are English economic terminological combinations. As a result of the analysis, it was established that English economic terminological phrases are formed according to two- and three-component models, characterized by different degrees of usage in the language. The most productive model of the syntactic method of term formation is adjective + noun. It is noted that, in general, economic terms have the same ways of translation from English into Ukrainian as all other terms. The main problem of translation of English economic terminological combinations is their ambiguity not only among different branches of science, but also within the economic field itself. Particular attention is paid to the fact that the main techniques used in the translation of non-equivalent economic terminology from English to Ukrainian are calque or word-for-word translation and descriptive translation, transcription or transliteration is less often used.

WORD COMBINATIONS IN SECONDARY NOMINATION OF COMPUTER AND INTERNET TERMS

As the term fulfills tasks such as separating clear concepts in the fields of science, technology, art, and setting boundaries between them, it keeps its terminological character only within one terminological system. The difference in the definition of the term is often explained by the fact that the term can be more than one object of science at the same time. In the article, it is analyzed that the syntactic method of term creation dominates the derivation system of computer and internet terms in the Uzbek language.

STYLISTIC ORGANIZATION OF THE LEXICAL AND SYNTACTIC SPACEOF THE POETIC WORKS BY ANATOLIY PERERVA

The author of the proposed material emphasizes that the linguistic and stylistic organization of the artistic text has been of interest to linguists for a long time. However, the peculiarities of a poetic narrative expressive means functioning have not been deeply investigated so far. Therefore, the study of language units that testify to the stylistic potential in the poetic scope of Anatoliy Pererva is relevant since the writer’s linguistic world was not an object of a separate scientific analysis. The purpose of the investigation is to characterize the peculiarities of the representation of stylistic means of lexical and syntactic nature in the poetic works by Anatoliy Pererva based on the material of his collection “Nebesna yasnist”. The realization of the defined goal involves the analysis of lexical and grammatical means of organizing the writer’s poetic narrative, the consideration of syntactic methods of his poetic language expressiveness, and the clarification of the stylistic potential of the revealed artistic and expressive means in the formation of the linguistic fabric of the poetic text. Therefore, the object of research is the language of Anatoliy Pererva's poetic collection “Nebesna yasnist”. The subject of the study is linguistic and artistic expressive and pictorial means of organizing the language fabric of a poetic work, which have a lexical and syntactic origin. The researcher states that stylistic component of a lexical and grammatical and syntactic nature are an organic part of the writer's poetic language space. And in particular, those based on the repetition of components (polyptoton, adnomination, prosapodosis, antanaclasis, homeoteleuton, anaphora, epiphora,), opposition (antithesis, oxymoron), and accumulation (gradation). The scientist concludes that the mentioned figurative and expressive means have a powerful stylistic potential and contribute to the reproduction of the main motives of the considered collection (the rapidity of life, thoughts about the end of the earthly journey, love for mother and faith in God).

О РАЗНИЦЕ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ В ТУРЕЦКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ С ИМЕНАМИ ДЕЙСТВИЯ -DIĞI / -ACAĞI И УСЕЧЁННЫМ ИНФИНИТИВОМ -MASI

This article offers the author's interpretation of the use of specific complex grammatical constructions of the Turkish language, usually causing significant difficulties in studying them with Russian-speaking students. We are talking about participles -dığı / -acağı (adjective-verbs – “sıfat-fiiller”) and truncated infinitives -ması (noun-verbs / verbal nouns – “isim-fiiller”). The purposes of the study undertaken are to compare the interpretations of Turkish and Russian linguists; on the basis of morphological, morphemic, semantic and syntactic methods of analysis, to find out the origin and essence of adjective-verbs -dığı / -acağı and truncated infinitive -ması in Turkish; correctly describe them in close terms of Russian grammar; find out the logic of use in Turkish and of translation into Russian. As a result, it managed to find out that -dığı / -acağı / -ması structures undoubtedly have a high degree of specificity and unusual for Russian-speakers both in terms of the correct understanding of their essence and morphological correspondence and practical application. However, it turned out to be possible to find for them in the Russian language semantically and morphologically close parts of speech and syntactic constructions. Also to describe the main logic of their use as detailed members of the proposal (subject, predicate, definition, object, aderbial modifier) and to formulate proposals for Russian Turkologists by changes in approaches to teaching these topics.

ORTA ÇAĞ AZERBAYCAN EDEBÎ DİLİNDE ÇOKLUK KATEGORİSİNİN TİPOLOJİK KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI (XV. YÜZYIL)

In terms of expressing the concept of quantity in language, modern Turkic languages are on a par with other developed languages of the world and do not stay behind other languages in terms of the diversity of the concept of quantity (lexical, morphological, and syntactic method). Turkic languages do not recognize boundless and unlimited plurals, duality, trinity, quartet do not show special morphological forms in the language, either representative or distributive plural morphemes are used, the "singular-plural" correlation is characteristic of all Turkic languages. All these features of the quantitative category indicate the level of development of the quantitative category in the Azerbaijani and Turkic languages. In this study, the facts concerning old and midddle Turkic written monuments and modern Turkic languages are compared with the materials of medieval Azerbaijani literary language. The material of other language families was also touched upon to determine the accuracy of the obtained results, as well as to substantiate the scientific opinions put forward. Apart from minor differences, the stages of development of the quantity concept in all languages of the world, and in human cognition, are consistent.

GRAMMATICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE CATEGORY OF MODALITY IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE

The category of modality expresses the speaker’s attitude to the connection that he establishes between the content of a given utterance and reality, i.e., attitude to attitude. This article examines the category of modality as a phenomenon of grammatical forms and its representation. The analysis of the features of modal words, mood, modal verb forms in the transmission of modal meaning is carried out. And we are also talking about the specifics of modal meaning in other Turkic languages, including the semantic differences between the languages of Kazakh and Karakalpak. Opinions are given regarding the allocation of modal words as a lexico-semantic class.The category of modality can be considered both in morphological and syntactic, as well as in lexical aspect. The modal meaning is first expressed in grammatical forms. The article will touch upon the most frequently used language techniques in creating modal meaning, as well as the features of the transmission of modal meaning in moods. There are many grammatical ways to convey modal meaning, including purely grammatical and lexico-grammatical, morphological and syntactic techniques. Modality can be defined as a complex category that can be conveyed syntactically, morphologically and lexically. Although the article considers grammatical representative models of giving modal meaning, morphological approaches are becoming increasingly important. Syntactic approaches will be discussed briefly. In our opinion, syntactic methods of transmitting modal meaning are becoming increasingly associated with extralinguistic factors.

Holophrastic Constructions in English and French Fiction

Holophrasis is an occasional type of lexical and syntactic method of word formation in which a syntactic unit is transformed into a lexical one. Holophrastic constructions (HCs) are a productive method of occasional word formation in English and French writing. HCs are typically used to enhance expressiveness, conciseness, and accuracy in writing. In this study, we examined HCs in the language of modern English and French writers in terms of their syntactic structure, semantics, graphical representation, and functions. To achieve this goal, methods of induction and deduction, word-forming analysis and linguistic definition have been used. Holophrastic constructions, collected by a continuous sample of works of French and English-language fiction, have become the research material. We found that the HCs in our texts consisted of between two and twenty-six components, suggesting a high ceiling on the number of units that can be combined to make a HC. While most of the HCs in the texts were semantically transparent, there were several semantically opaque examples that required additional cultural and intertextual knowledge to decode. The HCs in both English and French were represented visually in several ways: hyphens, italics, capitalisation, and the combination of these methods. The article has presented nominative and attributive HCs with different stylistic loads. Nominative HCs refer to certain concepts and phenomena of reality, giving them greater expressiveness and originality. Attributive HCs are formed to express the quality of an object using lexical, semantic and morphological means. HCs in our texts served various functions: nominative, descriptive, pragmatic, and as a way to compress content. The cоnteхt of hоlоphrаstic construction use is usually limited by the sentence in which it is used. The emphatic nature, vivid expressiveness, self-contextualisation and ability to conserve linguistic efforts are distinguishing features of HCs.