Synonym Relations Research Articles

Topdogging Quadrille: an analysis on the portraying of gender roles in The Bluest Eye and Topdog/Underdog

This paper highlighted and problematized the portraying of gender roles in Morrison’s The Bluest Eye (1970) and Parks’s Topdog/Underdog (2001). With a comparative approach, the debate on the matter of father and motherhood associated with the assigned roles of men and women was enlightening to raise awareness to the impact these representative figures have on the characters under examination. Also, the analysis of the synonymic relations that are established in the discourse of characters of the pieces lead to the conclusion that “beauty” in The Bluest Eye means “whiteness” and, in Topdog/Underdog, it means “richness”. Finally, a parallel was set amid “topdogging” and “Quadrille” (ANDRADE, 2013), considering the “topdogging” act in the stories forms a chain of events and consequences in which one move/person is connected to and interferes with the next.

ANTONYMIC NESTS IN TOPONYMIC SYSTEM OF MODERN RUSSIAN

In the approach to solving the problem of antonymy, two aspects of its study have been outlined. Antonymy can only be considered within the framework of linguistic phenomena, and in this case, the origins of antonymy lie in the features of the functioning of linguistic units in the process of communication, that is, in speech activity. On the other hand, antonymy can be considered in the aspect of the logical-semantic correlation of concepts denoted by linguistic units. A special place in the Russian language is occupied by antonyms -words that are opposite in meaning. Antonymy reflects an essential aspect of systemic relations in Russian vocabulary. Modern linguistics considers synonymy and antonymy as extreme and borderline cases of content interchangeability and opposition of words. While synonymous relations are characterized by semantic similarity, antonymic relations are characterized by semantic difference. The existenceof antonyms in language lies in the nature of our perception of reality in all its contradictory complexity, in the unity and struggle of opposites. Therefore, contrasting words, as well as the concepts they denote, are not only opposites, but also closely related.

A Corpus-based Behavioral Profile Study of Synonymous Expressions Meaning “to Start”

Synonymy is an extremely significant component in language learning, and the usage of synonymy is rather flexible and difficult to distinguish. In this research, the author employs a corpus-based behavioral profile approach to study the usage of a set of English synonymous expressions meaning “to start”, namely, start, begin, commence, launch, set out. The author first searches in American Contemporary English Corpus to explore the overall usage frequency and specific genre of each synonymous expression, then randomly selects 500 sentences, and makes manual annotation with 12 ID tag and 46 ID tag levels. Later, hierarchical clustering analysis and correspondence analysis have been employed to examine the semantic differences and usage structures of this set of expressions.The results shows that: ① The overall usage frequency varies greatly—from the highest to the lowest are start, begin, launch, set out, commence. ② They are used in various genres. Start is mainly used in informal styles including blogs, while the other four are mainly used in formal styles, including fictions and magazines. ③ Begin and set out have the greatest semantic similarity; start, begin, and set out form one semantic branch, and commence and launch form another, and there is a huge difference between these two branches. ④ There are great differences between the five expressions and their morphological, syntactic and semantic changes.Quantitative analysis method has been used to reveal the different semantic features and usage of a set of synonymous expressions, which is conducive to both promote the study of synonymous relations, and verify the effectiveness and applicability of the behavioral profile approach in semantic study.

Приховані семантико-синтаксичні відношення в системі складносурядних речень сучасної української мови: лінгвістичний та лінгводидактичний аспекти

Various types of semantic-syntactic relations can be observed in the structure of compound sentences. Typically, in the presence of specialized formal-semantic means of explication, the process of their identification by the addressee occurs quickly and smoothly. However, if conjunctions are absent or have atypical manifestations, the semantic-syntactic relations between the predicative parts of a compound sentence are hidden. This complicates their establishment by the recipient, and therefore prevents him/her from adequately perceiving and understanding the communicated information. Consequently, systematic research of the specifics of hidden semantic-syntactic relations in different types of compound sentences is required. The purpose of this article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of hidden semantic-syntactic relations at the level of compound sentences in the modern Ukrainian language in linguistic and linguo-didactic aspects. The achievement of the goal was facilitated by the application of linguistic methods such as descriptive, structural, transformational, componential analysis, and contextual-semantic analysis. The research is based on the material of sentence constructions selected from the texts of the artistic style of the modern Ukrainian language. Results. In the system of compound sentences, hidden semantic-syntactic relations primarily represent causal and conditional sentences with an semantic conjunction «і», which is a purely formal marker of coordinate connection. Hidden semantic-syntactic relations are also characteristic of compound adjoining constructions with conjunctions «і», «а», «але». Their establishment by the recipient is facilitated by the lexical content, the arrangement of the predicative parts, syntactic parallelism, the correlation of the forms of predicate verbs, and the intonation of the utterance. Observations of compound sentences in fictional texts indicate that the conjunction «і» is not always a marker of actually coordinative relations, «а» – of comparative, and «але» – of adversative relations. Although each of them undoubtedly specializes in expressing its own relation, through appropriate transposition into secondary semantic spheres, partially losing their semantic significance, they become indicators of adjoining semantic-syntactic relations, which acquire a hidden character in the structure of a compound sentence. Originality. The hidden content relations in various structural-semantic types of compound sentences are characterized. The derivational and synonymous relations between compound and complex subordinate constructions are established. Criteria for identifying hidden semantic-syntactic relations at the level of compound sentences are offered. This will contribute to the proper decoding of the information contained in it by the addressee and the implementation of high-quality syntactic analysis in Ukrainian language classes in educational institutions. Conclusion. Hidden semantic-syntactic relations in compound sentences can hinder effective verbal communication between the addresser and the addressee. This requires the participants of the communicative process to have thorough linguistic knowledge of structural-semantic specificity, syntactic synonymy, derivational connections, intonation, punctuation, stylistic use, and expressive possibilities of compound sentences. Sufficient linguistic-communicative competencies will enable the recipient to establish these relations and adequately perceive the communicated content, while education seekers will be able to properly analyze expressions at the syntactic level. Research on hidden content relations in complex subordinate and conjunctionless constructions is considered promising.

Quasi-synonyms of the ophthalmological terminological system: towards the formulation of the problem

Ophthalmic terminology is a part of the medical terminology system. The medical terminological system has been studied in sufficient detail, however, to date, questions remain open regarding the synonymy of linguistic units within the ophthalmological terminological system. The purpose of the study is to consider the problem of relations within the ophthalmological terminological system and to prove the existence of a triple series of terms — quasi-synonyms. The object of the study is ophthalmological terminology, the thematic group is "ophthalmological diseases". The relevance of this work is due to the fact that ophthalmological terms with semantic similarity that can both replace each other and function in parallel in speech have not yet been sufficiently studied, in addition, it is necessary to establish what type of synonymy exists between these terms. The method of linguistic experiment used in the work makes it possible to achieve the purpose of the study. The study included 2,535 ophthalmological terms, of which 51 were names of ophthalmological diseases. An experiment was conducted to obtain evidence of the existence of different types of ophthalmic terms. The experiment involved ophthalmologists, nursing staff, patients of the ophthalmological center of Irkutsk (324 people — medical staff, 324 patients). The main conclusion of the study is that there are synonymous relations between terms within the ophthalmological terminological system. The conducted experiment allows us to talk about the existence of a triple set of terms, which confirmed the hypothesis about the functioning, in addition to the generally accepted terminology and professional jargonisms, of "folk" terminology (70% of the total number of terms included in the study). All terms of the triple series, being quasi-synonyms, have semantic similarity, but are not identical, relations of inclusion and intersection arise between them, they exist in the language in parallel. In the future, it is necessary to consider quasi-synonyms of other thematic groups of the ophthalmological terminological system in order to better understand the specifics of their use and the source of their occurrence, as well as whether they can become absolute synonyms and under what conditions.

DISTANCE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN OBJECT AND LOCUM IN THE PREPOSITIONS У, ОКОЛО, ПРИ AND ПОД IN COMPARISON WITH THEIR PERSIAN CORRELATES

Different parts of speech, including prepositions, enter into synonymous relations. A number of spatial prepositions with the meaning of proximity are synonymous prepositions. Belonging to spatial relations and constituting a large group, in the language system of the Russian and Persian languages, these prepositions are typical and widely represented. To express spatial relations with the meaning of proximity, synonymous prepositions y, about, at and under are used, which are close and identical in meaning, but differ from each other in semantic features. The semantic proximity of the prepositions y, about, at and under and their Persian correlates with the meaning of proximity provokes a false identification and leads to errors in the use of these prepositions by Iranian Russian students while translation other prepositions as как недалеко от, возле with the meaning of proximity does not cause any difficulty for them. Also, at present only just, these prepositions with the meaning of proximity remain unlit for Iranian students, and they cannot concretize and distinguish between distance differences between the object and locum with the studied prepositions, which is due to the relevance of this study and the reason for the limitation of the research material. In addition, the difficulty of using these Russian prepositions by Iranian students is explained by the fact that all these prepositions can be expressed in Persian by the words (nazdik-e), (kenar-e), (pakhlu-ye), etc., denoting the proximity of the object to the locum, however, the semantic shade of the Persian equivalents does not reflect the distance differentiation between the object and the locum. The purpose of this article is to clarify the distance differentiations between the object and the locum with the prepositions y, about, at and under with the meaning of proximity in comparison with their Persian correlates, and also to determine the existing relationships between them. The results of the article can be used for Iranian students in order to minimize and neutralize their mistakes when using synonymous spatial prepositions y, near, at and under with the meaning of proximity.

The Analysis of Synonym Relation Meaning in Kerinci Language: A Semantic Study

Synonyms are lexical variants that refer to the same meaning in expressing something in word form. In other cases, synonyms are lexical aspects that support cohesion in discourse which functions as a link between one lingual unit and another. This research explains the analysis of synonym meaning relation in Kerinci language through semantic study. The purpose of this research is to reveal the form of synonym meaning relation in its distribution in Kerinci area. The method used is qualitative, data obtained from oral and written sources, data collection is done by interview, and data analysis is done by semantic lexical technique. The results showed that 94 data concepts (lemma) produced 6-word classes, and 300 synonym data. The six-word classes are noun, verb, adjective, adverb, numeral, and pronoun. From the 300-synonym data, 82 data were found to belong to the TC category, 50 nTC, 138 TnC, and 30 nTnC. Geographically, it was found that the distribution of synonym data in KU was 190 data, 16 KT, 28 KM, and 66 KH. In general, Kerinci language synonyms are categorized as lexical relations because although they can be understood by Kerinci people in speech, they are also basically a form of lexical distribution that refers to vocabulary variants with similar meanings. This happens because of several factors, such as time factor, place/region factor, social factor, nuance factor of meaning. The results of the research are used as a reference and comparison. This research was conducted to reveal the diversity of lexical forms that refer to the same meaning. In other words, identifying the meaning contained in these lexical variants from the point of view of synonyms in semantic studies.

유의관계 한국어 시점 부사류어의 교수 학습 양상 연구

The purpose of this study was to examine the teaching-learning aspects and problems of Korean temporal Adverbs in Synonymous Relation. 방금, 조금 전, 아까, 예전에’ and ‘금방, 조금후, 이따가, 나중에, which are treated as lexical groups of Synonymous Relation are frequently used as basic vocabulary, but actually, discrimination education for these vocabulary words has not been properly conducted. This study investigated teaching-learning aspects for students, textbooks and teachers. As a result of research, Students had difficulty distinguishing between “조금 전에-아까” and “조금 후에-이따가”. Most Korean textbooks simply present only the individual meanings and English translation information, and Teachers also lacked educational experience and knowledge of educational methods for temporal Adverbs in the classroom. In the future, The results of this study can be used as a reference for the education of temporal Adverbs and the method of presenting synonyms when producing Korean textbooks and educational materials.

ЛЕКСИЧНІ ТА ФРАЗЕОЛОГІЧНІ СИНОНІМИ НА ПОЗНАЧЕННЯ ЕМОЦІЇ СТРАХУ В ПРОЗІ МАРІЇ МАТІОС

In the article, based on the study of the language of the prose works by Maria Matios, synonymous series are selected to indicate the emotion of fear. Fear as an emotion and as an existential aspect of being determines the problematic and poetics of the writer’s small (novelistic collection «Nation») and large («SweetDarusya», «Almost never the other way around», «Moskalytsia», «Bukova zemlia») prose of the writer, mainly addressed to the tur-bulent periods in the history of Ukraine. The creative idea of the writer to understand the existence of the nation in the fl ow of history determined the linguistic means of organizing the text. It has been proven that Maria Mathios’s speech is characterized by a high degree of concentration of lexical (noun, adjective, verb, adverb) and phraseological synonymous units to denote the emotion of fear. It has been observed that the synonyms for the emotion of fear, introduced by Maria Mathios, record human experiences at the level of physical sen-sations and much less often at the level of psychological ones. Sometimes, when the author expands the scope of what is described to the size of the community, they can acquire a social focus. Units of the lexical-semantic group «fear» are used by Maria Matios not only in a direct, but also in a metaphorical-fi gurative sense. The study confi rms the scientists’ conclu-sions that synonyms in the language system perform two main functions – clarifi cation and substitution. The sophisticated synonymous series denoting the emotion of fear, observed in the analyzed works, testifi es to Maria Matios’s perfect mastery of literary language reserves on the one hand and vernacular elements on the other. The study of the author’s prose in the specifi ed direction is promising for the systematic study of synonymous relationships of units of the lexical-semantic group «fear» in the works of modern writers.

Semantic-syntagmatic characteristics of prepositions in Bulgarian double-preposition constructions

The semantic-syntagmatic analysis of Bulgarian double-preposition constructions reveals that they are formed through two main mechanisms - semantic (linguistic) and notional (non-linguistic). Semantic constructions are characterised by combinations of prepositions in synonymous relations, while notional constructions arise when a broad-meaning preposition is combined with a prepositional phrase. The synonymous semantic relation of the two prepositions turns them into a single unit with a single meaning. In notional constructions, prepositions do not form a single semantic whole, but rather function as markers of relevance and are involved in the organization of the utterance / sentence as meaning-forming elements. The word order in double-preposition constructions depends on the semantic content of the meanings of the prepositions: in case of relatively similar content, word order is free, while in the presence of a preposition with a broad semantic content, it is fixed, i.e. the preposition with the broader content appears in initial position. The identification of semantic and notional varieties not only helps to systematize double-preposition constructions, but can also serve to distinguish them from prepositions co-occurring for some other reason.

Contrasts of Quantification in Lexical Series ‘Post, Poschenie, Postitisya — Alkanie, Alchba, Alkati’ in Old Russian Manuscripts (Historical Corpus ‘Manuscript’)

The article presents an analysis of the distribution of lexemes from synonymous series ‘post’, ‘poschenie’, ‘postitisya’ and ‘alkanie’, ‘alchba’, ‘alkati’ in Old Russian manuscripts. The study is based on a corpus-based and quantitative approach, using the historical corpus ‘Manuscript’. The contrasts of quantification of the mentioned lexical series were first established in the study. The data from four sub-corpora — Gospels, Apostle, Parimeynik and chronicles were considered. It was found that synonymous relationships of lexical series are present only in the full-aprakos Gospel. In the service Four-Gospel and shortaprakos Gospel, only lexemes from the first series are used, while lexemes from the second series have meanings of ‘hunger’ and ‘to hunger’. Lexemes from the first series are also preserved in the Cyril-Methodius translation of the Apostle. In the Preslav translation of Tolstovsky Apostle from the 14th century, lexemes from the first series are consistently replaced by lexemes from the second series. The Parimeynik sub-corpus, whose oldest translation has Cyril-Methodius origin, is contrasted with texts from other sub-corpora by the absence of lexemes from the second series in the meanings of ‘fast’ and ‘to fast’ in all editions. The Tale of Bygone Years proves the early establishment of lexemes from the first series in Old Russian tradition. A quantitative contrast is observed in the Suzdal chronicle, where, unlike other chronicles, lexemes from both series are presented.

Синонимические отношения в сфере глагольной лексики смоленского диалекта ХVII–ХVIII веков

The article deals with the problems of synonymy in verbal dialect lexis based on the material of Smolensk business writing of the 17 th – 18 th centuries, the time of buoyant lexical norms formation in the Russian literary language. The author draws attention to the fact that some of the dialect verbs do not enter synonymic relations and researches into the reasons for the absence of their synonyms. Extensive lexicographic material of the Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian and Polish languages was involved, as well as data from monographic studies on the topic. It has been proved that this is often not only the original dialectal lexemes, but also the lexis borrowed from Western European languages through the Polish transmitter language, which can be considered a specific feature of Smolensk verbal synonymy in the period of the 16 th – 18 th centuries. The causes for restricted inclusion of dialect verbs into synonymic relations are the following: the semantics of dialect verbs contains some additional shades of meaning, which are not represented in the lexis of the literary language, they are expressed with the help of descriptive means, for instance, particularizing words; words viewed as potential synonyms, are noted to demonstrate hyponymic relations; the semantics of dialect lexis reveals diffusive character. The cases are described, when unclear meaning of the dialect verb in the limited context prevents it from the inclusion into a particular synonymic row. The dynamics of dialect lexis is characterized. It is represented in the loss or preserving some lexical units in the lexis of modern Smolensk dialects.

ГЛАГОЛ В ЛЕКСИЧЕСКОЙ СТРУКТУРЕ ЖИТИЙНОГО ТЕКСТА: ПАРАДИГМАТИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ

In the article, using an integrated approach to the analysis of linguistic facts, a fragment of the lexical structure of a hagiographic text formed by verbal units is characterized in a paradigmatic aspect. The material for the study was the lives of the synodal edition, included in the May cycle of the Four minas. It is shown that the lexical structure of the hagiographic text is formed by verbs of different lexico-semantic groups, commonality and differences in the use of verbal vocabulary due to the type of monastic or martyr asceticism are revealed. It is established that the systematic organization of verbs and stable verb-nominal combinations within the boundaries of the hagiographic text is provided by their synonymous, antonymic and hyper-hyponymic relations, the specifics of the implementation of which depends on the type of life.

Comparative constructions in modern Russian prose: the evolution of figurative comparison

The research explores the changes undergone by comparative figurative meaning constructions (metaphorical and similative) in modern prose texts in comparison with earlier periods of Russian literature development. The article aims to identify trends in the evolution of comparative constructions in modern Russian prose. The need for a multidimensional description of linguistic processes in modern literary speech determines the relevance of the study. One such process is the evolution of figurative comparison in comparative constructions. We analysed the material of the works by such modern Russian prosaists as Yu. Buyda, V. Zalotukha, Ye. Vodolazkin, A. Ivanov, Z. Prilepin, A. Ilichevsky, T. Kibirov, A. Matveyeva, O. Slavnikova, M. Stepnova, D. Rubina, G. Yakhina and others. Additionally, we used contexts obtained from the National Corpus of the Russian Language. The research employed descriptive, structural-semantic, and comparative methods. The main attention is given to the appearance of new elements in the traditional range of comparative metaphorical and similative constructions. They denote realities which have recently emerged, including those related to computer technology and terms from various fields of science. The article concludes that in modern prose texts, the range of figurative comparative constructions is expanding on the basis of genus-species and synonymic relations. The revival of comparative constructions is accompanied by frequent concretisation of figurative comparisons, which increases the size of such constructions. As a result, they can include one-word definitions, semi-predicative phrases, and subordinate clauses. Thus, the figurative comparison becomes detailed and multidimensional. At the same time, there is a tendency to a stylistic degradation of figurative comparison used in modern Russian prose.

Towards a More Comprehensive Catalogue of Life Checklist

The Catalogue of Life (COL) Checklist 2023 (Bánki et al. 2023) includes over 2.1 million accepted species underpinned by a large international community of more than 500 expert taxonomists. The 164 supporting sources are available through ChecklistBank, a publishing platform and open data respository with a focus on taxonomic and nomenclatural data sources. It also includes all the tools and processes that are needed to assemble the COL Checklist. ChecklistBank is jointly developed by Catalogue of Life and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). The results presented here build on efforts carried out in the European Union-funded project Biodiversity Community Integrated Knowledge Library (BiCKL). Despite all the global efforts over the past 27 years, there still remain significant gaps in the COL Checklist: incompleteness, outdated data in several taxonomic groups, lack of synonyms and a considerable time lag in being up-to-date with continuously published literature. However, there are not enough experts to check and update it as fast as new information is published e.g., descriptions of new species, covering lesser-known taxonomic groups, clarifying synonym relations, interpreting new classifications. For that reason, there is an intrinsic need to rely on a new process that combines: the expertise of taxonomists contributing to well curated databases with global coverage; recent knowledge compiled in checklists and catalogues published at regional and national scales in different formats and through different platforms; new and improved informatics tools that can harvest those data with text mining schemas and integrate them into ChecklistBank and the COL Checklist based on revised and supported criteria and a careful quality control that will avoid the inclusion of errors or doubtful information. the expertise of taxonomists contributing to well curated databases with global coverage; recent knowledge compiled in checklists and catalogues published at regional and national scales in different formats and through different platforms; new and improved informatics tools that can harvest those data with text mining schemas and integrate them into ChecklistBank and the COL Checklist based on revised and supported criteria and a careful quality control that will avoid the inclusion of errors or doubtful information. Combining these elements would result in an extended release of the COL Checklist that is an enriched version, integrating a wider variety of taxonomic sources and informatic developments not considered previously. This process will feature sequential releases that will address different needs and will be useful for delivering taxonomic services for GBIF and ultimately replacing its backbone taxonomy (GBIF Secretariat 2022). The extended release of the COL Checklist will be more comprehensive, including names that will fill significant gaps, synonyms and fossil taxa, and a single consensus classification that avoids conflicts.

Синонимия в английской терминологии вирусных заболеваний человека

The aim of the research is to determine the types, causes and patterns of frequency synonymy in the terminology of human viral diseases. The author analyzes two opposite views on the attitude of linguists toward terminological synonymy and further considers this phenomenon in relation to the terminology under study. The author identifies the types of synonymous terms and demonstrates the manifestation of term variation with examples. The scientific novelty of the research lies in taking a comprehensive approach to the study of synonymic relations within the terminology of human viral diseases, identifying the types of manifestation of variation of its units. The results of the study have shown that term variation is caused by the context or by the change of the speech situation. It has been established that the duplicity of terms is manifested by the influence of the Greek-Latin terminology and is caused by the process of term internationalization. The author notes the preservation of the functioning of obsolete terms in scientific discourse. The author attributes this synonymy to the lack of a systematic approach and consistency in the process of assigning new names to diseases, noting that alternative variants emerge during the process of nomination.

WORDBUILDING VARIATION OR SYNONYMY?
 (TO THE QUESTION OF THE STATUS OF THE SAME STEM DERIVATIVES WITH IDENTICAL SEMANTICS)

WORDBUILDING VARIATION OR SYNONYMY?
 (TO THE QUESTION OF THE STATUS OF THE SAME STEM DERIVATIVES WITH IDENTICAL SEMANTICS)

ON SYNONYMS IN THE EPIC TALES OF THE OKHOTSK EVENS

ON SYNONYMS IN THE EPIC TALES OF THE OKHOTSK EVENS

The study of the lexical synonymy at the Institute according to specializations

. This article examines the questions of teaching modern Armenian synonyms by lexical synonymy and antonymy commonalities and differences, as well as by discovering of the relationship of polysemy and synonymy in the non-professional faculties of the university system (according to the specializations and their appropriate vocabulary). The synonymous and antonymous relations are typical of the words. Polysemy, the general phenomenon of the words and stable compounds, is the combination of more than one meanings in one language unit. In general synonymy and polysemy, antonymy and polysemy of the words have obvious generalities: the same word gets a synonymic or antonymic correlation with other words not entirely, but by its separate meanings. According to their semantic and usual-stylistic aspects, the synonyms are distinguished by adequate and inadequate ones. The lexical synonyms realize their synonymous relations in the speech environment. The synonymic lines may be different from the side of quantity. Synonymic lines of the words is a synchronic language reality, which consists of two or more words. Reccuring to the antonymic lines of the words it is necessary to observe them in parallel with synonymic lines: antonymic words are included into synonymic correlation with other words making certain synonymic - antonymic lines. Recommended to apply students' acquired theoretical knowledge in practice according to the comparative table with three columns, prisma and concepts map methodological approaches, text work and Web-Quest methods, dictionary and creative works, computer Microsoft Power Point (or Google) presentation, question, as well as according to performing of exercises and tasks.

Synonymy of art history terms: synonyms, variants or competitors for a place in the system

The relevance of this study is preconditioned by the appeal to the problem of the development of the term semantics on the example of synonymy in the framework of modern terminology of art history. The article is focused on three synonymous units astronomical art, cosmic art, space art. They arouse interest as, on the one hand, these units claim the status of art history terms, and on the other hand, they are in synonymous relations, which contradicts the requirements for the term system. Revealing the features of the semantics and functioning of these units, and thus tracking the semantic processes that accompany their terminologization, the authors aim to establish the features of synonymous lexical units in the phase of their formation as terms. The study was carried out on the basis of the case method with the use of methods of definitional analysis, componential analysis, semasiological analysis, contextual analysis, as well as elements of chain and corpus analysis. The research material consists of specialized thematic dictionaries of art history terminology, as well as articles on art history. The concepts under consideration represent an interesting case of the formation of a term and the assignment of an appropriate semantic volume to it. Despite the fact that initially astronomical art, cosmic art, space art entered professional communication as synonyms, they are already breaking out of the scope of synonymy, as evidenced by their functioning in special texts: the concept of cosmic art is wider in meaning than space art, while, according to some sources, astronomical art and space art are in a hyper-hyponymic relationship.