Synonym Relations Research Articles

Synonym Relations in the New Lexis in Bulgarian and Czech

Synonym Relations in the New Lexis in Bulgarian and Czech

О СИНОНИМИЧНОМ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИИ ТЕРМИНОВ В НАУЧНЫХ ТЕКСТАХ XVIII ВЕКА (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ТРУДОВ И. К. ГОТШЕДА)

In the article, the content of the notions “term” and “term-synonym” in the scientific texts of the XVIII century is revealed. During the analysis of J. C. Gottsched’s works “Versuch einer Сritischen Dichtkunst” and “Vollständigere und neuerläuterte Deutsche Sprachkunst, nach den Mustern der besten Schriftsteller des vorigen und itzigen Jahrhunderts abgefasset”, absolute and relative synonyms have been singled out. As for structural features, it should be noted that the author described synonymous relations between simple, complex terms and terminological combinations. The article focuses on the motivated German terms, which are synonymous with the Latin ones.

Improving Systematic Literature Review Based on Text Similarity Analysis

Systematic literature review (SLR) is an important method for identifying, evaluating, and summarizing a specific research subject. However, a SLR study always faces validity threats because there exist subjective biases in certain steps of a SLR, such as identification of relevant studies and primary study selection. In software engineering field, many systematic review studies have adopted several methods to increase the reliability, for example, group decision and pilots search. In this paper, in order to reduce subjective biases, we propose a different solution to improve objectively the quality of SLR, which aims to apply text similarity analysis into two stages of a SLR. We propose that the synonym and hypernym relations of WordNet can be used to expand the search strings to improve the paper search process. In addition, through calculating the relevance of a paper and research issues according to text similarity analysis, the primary study selection can be improved. Then, through the experiment, we validate the effectiveness of our method. Our work provides a preliminary exploration of the combination of text similarity analysis and SLR in order to improve the quality of a SLR.

Ethnocultural Reflexes of a Language Border Zone in Regional Phytonymic Lexicon of Belgorod Region (On Materials of Dialectological Researches for Department of Russian Language and Russian Literature of NIU "BELGU")

The results of long-term field dialectological studies fulfilled of the Department of Philology of Belgorod State National Research University are presented in the article. During these studies the departmental catalog of the folk dialects of Belgorod has been collected. Regional and Belgorod region dialects pose a less understood layer in the Russian dialectic corpus. The term dialect is interpreted as a specific language formation functioning within the boundaries of the region and absorbing local speech features. Belgorod dialects and regional dialects, being a language type of a border zone region, despite its relative marginality in the Russian dialectal system, are a significant object of dialectological description and a source for domestic historical linguistics. Herein they are associated with the dialects of the territories of late settlement. Therefore the crucial tasks are to make linguistic and linguocultural analysis of the Belgorod regional and dialectal vocabulary, to identify and describe the basic lexico-semantic groups, to view the systemic relations within lexical groups, correlation between dialectal and national language vocabulary, to explore borrowings and their sources. This will allow speaking not only about different types of variability and synonymous relations between dialectal and national language units, but also about the formation and evolution of Russian dialects and the language as a whole. Often, dialectal phenomena are caused by the influence from outside. This is more peculiar to outlying dialects, which are affected by foreign-language neighborhood. At the same time, as a whole, dialects of Belgorod region are Russian in their base morpheme and by their origin and often preserve the language antiquity. Thus, at the Belgorod territory, there is a clash of different ethno-linguistic streams and traditions. In this context, plant world nominations are of special interest in the system of Belgorod dialectal and regional vocabulary.

ПРИНЦИПЫ СОСТАВЛЕНИЯ «ИДЕОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО СЛОВАРЯ ЯЗЫКА И. ГАСПРИНСКОГО»

The article highlights the principles of composing “Ideographic Dictionary of I. Gasprinski’s Language”. The paper considers the foreign and domestic attempts of the ideographic description of vocabulary, by the example of which the scientific systematization of the lexicon of one of the most famous personalities of the Turkic world is realized. The creation of the dictionary lexical field is carried out by examining the array of words of the newspaper “Terciman” and sampling the lexical units, semantisized by the author, from it. The author’s explanatory constructions in the dictionary are distributed among six main classes: “person”, “nature”, “geographical objects”, “artifacts”, “time” and “measurements”. The interpreted meaning and definition are interconnected by synonymous or equivalence relations.

РАЗВИТИЕ СИНОНИМИЧЕСКИХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ У МНОГОЗНАЧНОГО СЛОВА (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ИМЕН СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫХ КРЫМСКО-ТАТАРСКОГО ЯЗЫКА)

The article deals with the relationship between the phenomena of polysemy and synonymy. The semantic structure of polysemantic words is analyzed by the material of the nouns of the Crimean Tatar language. The development of synonymic relations in the lexical-semantic variants of a polysemantic word is demonstrated. As a result, the special role of polysemy in the expansion of the synonymic rows of nouns is proved again. The analysis of the relationship between the phenomena of polysemy and synonymy has shown that the meanings of a single polysemantic word, consisting of different synonymic rows, can be close in meaning, and, conversely, have weak relationship to each other.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ СИНОНИМИЧЕСКИХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ ЭМОТИВНЫХ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМОВ В КАБАРДИНО-ЧЕРКЕССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

The article is devoted to emotive phraseological units in the Kabardian-Circassian language. The important role of these emotives in the national consciousness of the Adygs is noted. The author examines one of the characteristic semantic relations of phraseological emotives - synonymy. The study singles out the groups of emotions that form the largest number of synonymous series. The role of the word “ гу ” (heart) in the synonymous relations of emotive phraseological units is revealed. The participation of these linguistic units as synonyms in the hyper-hyponymic relations of the Kabardian-Circassian language is found out. The paper considers the main types of synonymous links of phraseological emotives.

Termin, sadržaj i opseg upotrebe termina »pedagogija

The paper considers the use of the term »pedagogy« in Croatian-Serbian pedagogical writing from the appearance of the first pedagogical textbooks (1867) to the present day. In the course of time a number of words have been used for the science of education: gojitba (rearing), uzgojoslovlje (Upbringing), pedagogics, pedagogy, the last term being dominant. The synonymous relationship between the terms »pedagogy« - »pedagogics« is controversial in older texts. In contemporary writing, the term »pedagogy« is in use. However there is a tendency to supplement this term with an attributive designation, with terms signifying social systems, is the ideo-philosophic and methodological foundations upon which pedagogy is based. The paper poses as a problem the need for attributing »pedagogy«. There are numerous phrases in which »pedagogy« appears as one of the elements and they represent evident examples of the inconsistency and fortuity in the formation of pedagogical terms. Evident differences in respect to the determination of the content of the term »pedagogy« exist not only amongst authors belonging to various time periods and pedagogical movements (this being a lawful phenomenon), but there are differences which are synchronic in nature and that occur within the framework of the same pedagogical orientation, movement and such. This demands a clarification and a discussion on a wider basic, while the history of the term »pedagogy« which nobody has attempted to write would here be of significant help.

Semantic Relationships Rules Identification for the Construction of Medicinal Herbs Domain Ontology

The primary goal of ontology development is to share and reuse domain knowledge among people or machines. This study focuses on the approach of extracting semantic relationships from unstructured textual documents related to medicinal herb from websites and proposes a lexical pattern technique to acquire semantic relationships such as synonym, hyponym, and part-of relation. The results seven types of concepts (entities), eight object properties (or semantic relations) and twenty lexico-syntactic patterns have been identified manually, including one from the Hearst hyponym rules. The lexical patterns have linked fifty one terms that have the potential as concepts. Based on this study, it is believed that determining the lexical pattern at an early stage is helpful in selecting relevant term from a wide collection of terms from the corpus. However, the relations and lexico-syntactic patterns or rules have to be verified by domain expert before employing the rules to the wider collection in an attempt to find more possible rules. This study shows that background knowledge about the domain is essential to develop the TBox ontology diagram that serve as backbone of the domain ontology. This diagram is essential as guideline in discovering lexico-syntactic patterns therefore expedite the knowledge extraction process.

Gastroenterology Ontology Construction Using Synonym Identification and Relation Extraction

Ontology plays an increasingly important role in knowledge management and the semantic Web. However, ontology cannot perform well in realistic diagnosis reasoning unless it contains timely and accurate medical information and its individual items display all attributes of the categories they belong to. In this paper, we present a method that extracts synonyms along with concepts and their relationships for gastroenterology ontology construction. Specifically, we reuse the existing ontology as the basis for ontology completion. In addition, we conduct synonym identification through a combined application of global context features, local context features, and medical-specific features, and incorporate dependency information into deep neural networks for relation extraction. The extracted information is merged for ontology completion. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed synonym identification and relation extraction method achieves the best performance compared with state-of-the-art methods and also builds a more complete ontology compared with existing gastroenterology disease ontologies. Our results are reproducible, and we will release the source code and ontology of this work after publication: https://github.com/shenyingpku/gastrointestinal_owl

Синонимические ряды с заимствованными словами в русском языке

Synonymic rows with loanwords are investigated. The study found that the change in the conceptual and linguistic worldview of modern man is largely due to the process of the emergence of new synonymic series in the Russian language. Synonymic relations between words are established on the basis of the dictionary synonymic definition of the already known word or phrase in the Russian language, with the help of already established in the Russian language borrowed nominations in the context of descriptive construction, illustrative material, which expands, presents the synonymic sphere of lexicographic definition. Human consciousness structures conceptual real reality anthropocentrically, so the semantic range of names of persons in the study material is quite wide. Examples of loanwords that characterize activities are presented. Based on the synonymic definition of terms in lexicographic sources, which reveals the meaning of a new loanword through the identical meaning of loanwords, it is assumed that in the understanding of the surrounding reality, a person uses words correlated with one concept or reality, and in this case there are synonymic series in which members of the opposition are loanwords and demonstrate the full identity.

Interchangeability as the feature of synonymy (experimental and corpus research)

In the paper interchangeability is regarded as a feature (criterion) of synonymy. The research is based on the psycholinguistic experiment and Russian National Corpus data. 144 subjects took part in the experiment: they were given 22 sentences in which subjects could choose one of the given synonyms. The hypothesis of the research is that the interchangeability depends on the types of semantic relation within synonymic groups; synonymic relations are directly organized. The important task of the research is to determine the role of collocation in the choice of synonyms. MI (Mutual Information) is а special tool to measure the collocation strength, it measures a relationship between two random linguistic items that are sampled simultaneously. With the help of the Russian National Corpus data, MI is calculated for each utterance. There are few types of synonymic groups with different semantic relations: centric, middle asymmetric, and noncentric. These types are distinguished in my previous paper. The centric synonymic groups have the headword (typically the headword is the most frequent word); the middle asymmetric synonymic groups have two headwords, that are the core synonyms; the non-centric synonymic groups have no headword. Directivity of synonymic relations depends on the type of a synonymic group. It is possible to introduce three following models: for the centric synonymic groups: subordinated synonym → headword; for the middle asymmetric groups: subordinated synonym → core synonyms; for the non-centric synonymic group: synonym → another synonym. As a result, it was shown that different contextual features are significant (for example, the meaning of neighboring words, general utterance sense) for the choice of synonyms.

Национально-культурные особенности репрезентации каузальной семантики фразеологическими средствами русского языка

The article is devoted to description of a number of phraseological units with the causal semantics. Units of the following semantic groups are analyzed: “To Make. To Force,” “To Subdue,” “To Harass. To Exploit.” Causation is understood widely with inclusion in this concept of causal, concessive and target relations. The specified semantics is verbalized through idioms that describe a particular causal situation. This situation implies the presence of causator (active participant), causable person or object (passive participants). Central component of the studied phraseological units is a causative verb in the infinitive form. Linguistic and cultural analysis allows the author to reveal national and cultural peculiarities of the representation of the causal semantics on the level of phraseology. It is shown that influence of causator on face being caused in the Russian mentality is negatively assessed in most cases and correlates with physical impact on him, limiting his actions. The main images of phraseology of specified semantics are described. In a phraseological unit such components as head , mind , intelligence , soul ( heart ), symbolizing the organs that are affected, are frequent. The structure of the semantic groups with semantic isolation of the series is presented. Synonymic and antonymic relations within these associations are described. Polysemy links at phraseology level are characterized.

WordNet based Implicit Aspect Sentiment Analysis for Crime Identification from Twitter

Crime analysis has become an interesting field that deals with serious public safety issues recognized around the world. Today, investigating Twitter Sentiment Analysis (SA) is a continuing concern within this field. Aspect based SA, the process by which information can be extracted, analyzed and classified, is applied to tweet datasets for sentiment polarity classification to predict crimes. This paper addresses the aspect identification task involving implicit aspect implied by adjectives and verbs for crime tweets. The proposed hybrid model is based on WordNet semantic relations and Term-Weighting scheme, to enhance training data for (1) Crime Implicit Aspect sentences detection (IASD) and (2) Crime Implicit Aspect Identification (IAI). The performance is evaluated using three classifiers Multinomial Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine and Random Forest on three Twitter crime datasets. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of WN synonym and definition relations and prove the importance of verbs in training data enhancement for crime IASD and IAI.

Возможности использования сервиса RusVectōrēs для выявления семантических ассоциатов глаголов русского языка

The paper presents the results of investigating distributional semantics’ potential in its realization in the form Web-service RusVectōrēs. The question about applying the service for studying semantics of Russian verbs is considered. The research urgency is caused by insufficient level of information about linguistic possibilities of distributional semantics in whole. The novelty of the research consist in the fact that the question about applying the instrument RusVectōrēs for investigating verb semantics is posed for the first time. Classification of semantic relations extracted by RusVectōrēs for Russian verbs is proposed. The analyzed data include two lists of entry verbs and the set of semantic associates for each verb; the integral set of considered semantic associates consists of 468 verbs. Special attention is paid to semantic relations that can be treated as lexical functions because this sort of relations appeared to be the most frequent for Russian verbs; the whole number of extracted lexical functions is equal to 28. It is shown that lexical functions that correspond to aspectual variants of verbs, to synonymic relations and conversion are the most frequent; hyponyms and co-hyponyms are the most frequent among semantic relations that differ from lexical functions; situational relations and actant relations are comparatively rare. Special attention is paid to the details that are important for applying the instruments of lexical functions to semantic relations extracted for verbs by the service RusVectōrēs.

Synonymic relations in language and utterance

Synonymic relations in language and utterance

SAD EMOTION IN JAVANESE LANGUAGE: AN ANALYSIS OF MEANING COMPONENT AND RELATION

Every human being has an emotive side that expressed through utterances of sentences. The utterances that produced are influenced by the culture of speakers of that language. Therefore a culture is usually influenced to human to represent the feelings of their language specific that implies through lexica. No exception to sad emotion. In the Javanese society that used Javanese language, there are vocabularies that contain diverse sad emotions. This study discusses sad emotion vocabulary in Javanese language. The data used come from Panjebar Semangat magazines. This study aimed to determine the words that contain a sad emotion in the Javanese language, along with the meaning components and meaning relations. There are three theories to analyze this study, namely theory of emotions and state of mindby Santangelo, theory of meaning component by Nida,and theory of meaning relation by Cruse. The method used in this study is a descriptive method. The results of this study are that (1) there are 15 vocabularies in the data that contain sad emotions, (2)there are 18 meaning components, and (3) there is indication of synonym relation between those 15 vocabularies.

「小さい」「大きい」を中心とした基本形容詞の類義関係

「小さい」「大きい」を中心とした基本形容詞の類義関係

GENERATING A MALAY SENTIMENT LEXICON BASED ON WORDNET

Sentiment lexicon is a list of vocabularies that consists of positive and negative words. In opinion mining, sentiment lexicon is one of the important source in text polarity classification task in sentiment analysis model. Studies in Malay sentiment analysis is increasing since the volume of sentiment data is growing on social media. Therefore, requirement in Malay sentiment lexicon is high. However, Malay sentiment lexicon development is a difficult task due to the scarcity of Malay language resource. Thus, various approaches and techniques are used to generate sentiment lexicon. The objective of this paper is to develop Malay sentiment lexicon generation algorithm based on WordNet. In this study, the method is to map the WordNet Bahasa with English WordNet to get the offset value of a seed set of sentiment words. The seed set is used to generate the synonym and antonym semantic relation in English WordNet. The highest result achives 86.58% agreement with human annotators and 91.31% F1-measure in word polarity classification. The result shows the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm to generate Malay sentiment lexicon based on WordNet.

A Study on Setting Synonymous Relationships

이 연구는 유의어 설정의 기반이 되는 논의를 검토하여 의미 관계로서 동의 관계를 분명히 설정하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 유의어 연구에서 논란이 되어 온 동일한 의미의 문제, 동의 관계 성립의 조건 등을 살펴보고 기존의 논의에서 어휘 관계로 다루었던 동의 관계를 의미 관계로 재정립하고자 하였다. 이를 통해 synonymy라는 용어가 갖는 개념의 ‘의미적 동일성’을 분명히 하며, 문맥주의적 관점에서 다의적으로 의미 대응이 이루어지는 동일한 의미 인식으로 동의 관계의 영역을 제시하였다. 이 연구에서 주장하는 핵심은 어휘 관계로서 동의어는 없지만 의미 관계로서 동의 관계는 존재하며 이를 통해 어휘 관계로서 유의어가 설정된다는 것이다. 유의어를 만드는 동의 관계는 문맥을 통해 생성되며, 개념과 지시의 동일성을 통해 이해된다. 이처럼 동의 관계의 개념을 명확히 하는 것은 우리의 머릿속에 단어들이 어떻게 조직화되어 있는지를 살피기 위한 핵심적인 작업으로서 언어를 이해하고 사용하는 방식을 이해하는 중요한 부분일 뿐만 아니라 교육과 실용적인 이용을 포함하는 다양한 분야의 기반이 되는 중요한 작업이 될 것이다.