Synergistic System Research Articles

Synergistic Copper-Aminocatalysis for Direct Tertiary α-Alkylation of Ketones with Electron-Deficient Alkanes.

In this study, a novel approach for the tertiary α-alkylation of ketones using alkanes with electron-deficient C─H bonds is presented, employing a synergistic catalytic system combining inexpensive copper salts with aminocatalysis. This methodology addresses the limitations of traditional alkylation methods, such as the need for strong metallic bases, regioselectivity issues, and the risk of over alkylation, by providing a high reactivity and chemoselectivity without the necessity for pre-functionalized substrates. The dual catalytic strategy enables the direct functionalization of C(sp3)─H bonds, demonstrating remarkable selectivity in the presence of conventional C(sp3)─H bonds that are adjacent to heteroatoms or π systems, which are typically susceptible to single-electron transfer processes. The findings contribute to the advancement of alkylation techniques, offering a practical and efficient route for the construction of C(sp3)─C(sp3) bonds, and paving the way for further developments in the synthesis of complex organic molecules.

Synergy of carboxymethyl cellulose stabilized nanoscale zero-valent iron and Penicillium oxalicum SL2 to remediate Cr(VI) contaminated site soil

Nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) acting as a high-cost disposable material in soil Cr(VI) remediation faces significant challenges due to its easily oxidizable nature and biological toxicity. In addressing this issue, the present study undertook the synthesis of a series of modified nZVI and combined the selected material with Cr(VI)-resistant filamentous fungus Penicillium oxalicum SL2 for real-site chromium pollution remediation. Adsorption experiments demonstrated that the inclusion of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) significantly enhanced the adsorption capacity of nZVI for Cr(VI) by 19.3% (from 73.25 to 87.4 mg/L), surpassing both biochar (37.42 mg/L) and bentonite modified nZVI (48.03 mg/L). Characterization results validated the successful synthesis of the nano composite material. Besides, oxidative stress analysis explained the unique detoxification effects of CMC on SL2, acting as a free radical scavenger and isolating layer. In real-sites soil remediation experiments, a low dosage (0.4% w/w) of nZVI/CMC@SL2 (CMC modified nZVI combined with SL2) exhibited an impressive reduction of over 99.5% in TCLP-Cr(VI) and completely transformed 18% of unstable Cr to stable forms. Notably, nZVI/CMC demonstrated its capability to facilitate SL2 colonization in highly contaminated soil and modulate the microbial community structure, enriching chromium-removing microorganisms. In summary, the synergistic system of nZVI/CMC@SL2 merges as a cost-effective and efficient approach for Cr(VI) reduction, providing meaningful insights for its application in the remediating contaminated site soils.

Study on the spatial network structure of energy carbon emission efficiency and its driving factors in Chinese cities

How to adapt to climate change while achieving sustainable economic and social growth has become a major topic of concern worldwide. With the constraints of the dual‑carbon strategy, the integration of regional environmental governance and energy carbon reduction governance is a prevalent focus. This study focuses on analyzing 282 prefecture-level cities in China. The SNA approach and modified gravitation model are utilized to estimate the energy carbon emission efficiency of Chinese cities from 2006 to 2021. The spatial correlation network and the QAP model are ultimately utilized to investigate the factors. The study presented the following findings: ① There are notable temporal and regional discrepancies in the energy carbon emission efficacy of Chinese cities. Generally, defined by high values in the east and low values in the west. ② The efficiency of energy carbon emissions in networks connecting urban areas in China is multidimensional, complex, and organic and has improved stability. ③ The developed regions in the east exert a dominant influence on the geographical network, while the central and western parts of the country, which are distant, are considered peripheral. ④ There are few connections within each segment of the geographic correlation network for energy carbon emission efficiency in Chinese cities; however, there are substantial correlations between segments, indicating the presence of a substantial spillover effect. ⑤ The formation of energy‑carbon emission efficiency correlation networks in Chinese cities is significantly influenced by disparities in economic development and government intervention. Conversely, the level of science and education exerts a significantly negative impact on this phenomenon. It is advisable to encourage the development of a spatial correlation network that connects urban energy carbon emission efficiency. This can be achieved through the implementation of specific measures, the establishment of a regional coordination mechanism, leveraging the strengths of energy-efficient regions in the east, maximizing the potential of each sector, and considering the factors that influence the outcomes. Compressing the driving factors and attributes of the spatial correlation network of energy carbon emission efficiency holds substantial practical importance for facilitating the ongoing expansion of the regional low-carbon energy network space and establishing a regional low-carbon synergistic energy governance system.

Phosphorus/Bromine Synergism Improved the Flame Retardancy of Polyethylene Terephthalate Foams.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foams have the characteristics of being lightweight and high strength, as well as offering good heat resistance, minimal water absorption, etc., and they have been widely used in the wind power field. In addition, they are being promisingly applied in automotive, rail, marine, construction, and other related fields. Therefore, the flame retardancy(FR) of PET foams is an issue that requires investigation. The addition of flame retardants would affect the chain extension reaction, viscoelasticity, and foamability of PET. In this study, zinc diethyl hypophosphite (ZDP) and decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) were used to form a synergistic FR system, in which ZDP is an acid source and DBDPE is a gas source, and both of them synergistically produced an expanded carbon layer to improve the flame retardancy of PET foams. The ratio of ZDP and DBDPE is crucial for the carbon yield and the expansion and thermal stability of the char layers. At the ZDP/DBDPE ratios of 9/3 and 7/5, the thickness of the char layers is about 3-4 mm, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) values of FR modified PET are 32.7% and 33.6%, respectively, and the vertical combustion tests both reached the V-0 level. As for the extruded phosphorous/bromine synergism FR PET foams, ZDP/DBDPE ratios of 3:1 and 2:1 were applied. As a result, the vertical combustion grade of foamed specimens could still reach V-0 grade, and the LOI values are all over 27%, reaching the refractory grade.

Selective recovery of transition metals from spent lithium-ion batteries leachate with Ni synergistic extraction system

Recycling spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can not only generate ecological benefits but also realize low-carbon energy transition. Here, comprehensive recovery of transition metals from spent LIBs leachate using nickel (Ni) synergistic extraction system has been proposed. It was discovered that the combination of HEH(EH)P and Cyanex301 showed a strong synergistic extraction effect on Ni2+ and could also achieve the co-extraction of Ni2+, Co2+, Mn2+ after examining the extraction effects of single and mixed extractants of HEH(EH)P and Cyanex301. The mechanism of synergistic extraction of Ni2+ with mixed extractants was elucidate according to the slope analysis, FT-IR spectrometry and NMR spectrometry results. Then through a three stages of counter-current extraction process with 1.5 mol/L mixed extractant (XHEH(EH)P = 0.7, HEH(EH)P saponification degree of 60 %) and two stages of scrubbing process with 0.05 mol/L H2SO4, 99.18 % of Ni2+, 99.02 % of Co2+ and 99.93 % of Mn2+ were comprehensively recovered, while only 0.27 % of Li+ were lost. The Ni2+, Co2+, and Mn2+ loaded in the organic phase were entirely removed by a three stages of counter-current stripping process with HCl under O/A = 2.5/1. The synergistic extraction system still demonstrated outstanding reusability even after five cycles.

Degradation of tetracycline by photocatalysis combined with activated peroxymonsulfate over S-scheme BiVO4/Fe2O3 heterojunction

The S-scheme BiVO4/Fe2O3 composite catalyst was successfully prepared by the solgel method and low-temperature calcination method, which was used to degrade TC under the synergistic conditions of visible light and PMS. The BiVO4/Fe2O3/PMS/Light system has excellent TC degradation activity. It almost completely decomposes TC (20 ppm) in 30 minutes; the degradation rate of TC reaches 98.36 %, and it has good stability. Based on the analysis results of photoelectric properties, EPR test and active species capture experiment, combined with DFT calculations, the reaction mechanism of BiVO4/Fe2O3/PMS/Light system is proposed, that is, the S-scheme heterojunction effectively improves the separation and transfer of photogenerated charges, and retains the strong redox ability, and the synergistic effect of the cyclic conversion of transition metal ions Bi3+/Bi0 and Fe3+/Fe2+ can better activate PMS to generate more active species •SO4- and 1O2, thereby improving the reaction system catalytic activity. Therefore, the BiVO4/Fe2O3 synergistic visible light and PMS system is expected to be applied in the treatment of water pollutants.

Photoredox-catalyzed C(sp3)─H radical functionalization to enable asymmetric synthesis of α-chiral alkyl phosphine.

α-Chiral alkyl phosphines are privileged structural motifs with a wide application in organic and medical synthesis. It is highly desirable to develop stereoselective methods to prepare these enantioenriched molecules. The incorporation of C(sp3)─H functionalization and chiral phosphine chemistry is much less explored, probably because of the weak reactivity of C(sp3)─H bonds and/or the challenging site- and stereoselectivity issues. Herein, we disclose a synergistic catalysis system to enable an enantioselective radical addition process of α-substituted vinylphosphine oxides. An array of diverse α-chiral alkyl phosphors compounds is smoothly accessed by using the readily available chemicals as the inert C(sp3)─H bond reagent, such as sulfides, amines, alkenes, and toluene derivatives, exerting remarkable chemo-, site-, and enantioselectivity. On the basis of the mechanistic studies, both the C(sp3)─H bond activation and the stereochemistry-determining step are proposed to involve a single-electron transfer/proton transfer process.

Fabrication of an antibacterial system of arginine-modified chitosan with AgNPs-loaded montmorillonite for food preservation

Ag-based materials have potent antibacterial effects, but their potential toxicity problems should not be underestimated, so it is urgent to construct a safe and non-resistant dual antibacterial system. In this study, we utilized tea polyphenols (TPs) and montmorillonite (MMT) to control the growth of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Then, we combined the AgNPs with arginine to construct a synergistic antibacterial system of arginine-modified chitosan-assisted AgNPs-loaded MMT (ACS/G/AgNPs@MMT). The results showed that AgNPs with a uniform dispersion of 6.72 ± 4.66 nm and ACS with a grafting degree of 0.153 were successfully prepared, and the synergistic antibacterial effect between ACS and AgNPs@MMT was verified by the FIC index, and the antibacterial rate could still reach 99.9 % when the additions of ACS and AgNPs@MMT were reduced by 75 % and 79.1 %, respectively. The ACS/G/AgNPs@MMT-2 composite film exhibited excellent mechanical properties, water vapor/UV barrier properties, antioxidant activity, degradation properties, and biosafety. In addition, the synergistic effect enabled the ACS/G/AgNPs@MMT-2 film to achieve antibacterial rates of 99.24 ± 0.19 % against E. coli and 99.49 ± 0.40 % against S. aureus, and the film exhibited excellent long-lasting antibacterial performance due to the slow release of Ag+ (only about 11.27 % of Ag+ was released in 20 days). Finally, the ACS/G/AgNPs@MMT-2 film could significantly improve the food preservation ability. In conclusion, this study indicates that the film could be used as a novel antibacterial packaging material.

Progress and Opportunities in Photocatalytic, Electrocatalytic, and Photoelectrocatalytic Production of Hydrogen Peroxide Coupled with Biomass Valorization.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been considered an energy carrier (fuel) and oxidizer for various chemical synthesis and environmental remediation processes. Biomass valorization can generate high-value-added products in a green and pollution-free way to solve the energy and environmental crisis. The biomass valorization coupled with H2O2 generation via photo-, electro-, and photoelectrocatalysis plays a positive role in sustainable targets, which can maximize energy utilization and realize the production of value-added products and fuel synthesis. Recently, catalyst design and mechanism studies in H2O2 generation coupled with biomass valorization are in the infancy stage. Herein, this review begins with a background on photo-, electro-, and photoelectrocatalytic techniques for H2O2 generation, biomass valorization, and the H2O2 generation couples with biomass valorization. Meanwhile, the progress and reaction mechanism are reviewed. Finally, the prospects and challenges of a synergistic coupled system of H2O2 synthesis and value-added biomass in achieving high conversion, selectivity, and reaction efficiency are envisioned.

A synergistic catalytic system of keratinases and disulfide reductases for the bioconversion of feather wastes to feed alternative protein

Effective hydrolysis of feather waste by keratinase is an important way to develop high-quality alternative proteins for feed. It has been shown that the reduction of disulfide bonds is the key rate-limiting step in the hydrolysis of feathers by keratinases. However, the reductive activity of keratinase itself is low. In order to increase the reductive activity of the catalytic system, we screened endogenous disulfide reductase from Bacillus subtilis and constructed a synergistic catalytic system, KerZ1/yjbI-S2-P1, consisting of keratinase and disulfide reductase by co-expression optimization. The reductive activity and feather hydrolytic activity of the synergistic system were 5.67-fold and 5-fold higher than the original system. Feathers were hydrolyzed to a higher extent compared with the original system. The total amino acid and soluble protein concentrations in the products increased by 99% and 59%, respectively. This study provides a more environmentally friendly and efficient reduction capability for keratinase to hydrolysis waste feathers, and also demonstrates a new way of alternative protein feedstock mining.

Alkali Metal/Quaternary Ammonium Salt Synergistic Catalytic System for the Efficient Synthesis of Biobased Poly(Isosorbide Carbonate)

Alkali Metal/Quaternary Ammonium Salt Synergistic Catalytic System for the Efficient Synthesis of Biobased Poly(Isosorbide Carbonate)

Nickel-Catalyzed Regioselective Hydrothiolation of Allenes Enabled by Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis.

Hydrothiolation presents an attractive way to transform allenes into allylic thioethers. Herein, we described an efficient visible-light photoredox-promoted nickel-catalyzed hydrothiolation of allenes with functionalized aromatic and aliphatic thiols. This synergistic catalytic system exhibits unprecedentedly high reactivities and regiocontrol for the construction of allylic thioethers, representing the unique synthetic utility of the earth-abundant Ni-catalyzed method compared with the related noble-metal-catalyzed allylation reactions.

Field study on vegetation eco-protection technology for red sandstone fill slope against water damage

The construction of fill slopes becomes a critical aspect when there is a need to change the terrain or create new terrain. However, due to the poor engineering properties of the fill material, especially when red sandstone with notable disintegration properties is used, the risk of slippage or collapse may occur. This material is prone to erosion and disintegration under the action of natural factors such as heavy rainfall, leading to severe soil erosion and slope instability. In addition, the construction of fill slopes inevitably causes the destruction of native vegetation, exacerbating environmental problems. To address these problems, an novel ecological approach for preventing water damage to red sandstone fill slopes was developed using the vegetation–high-performance turf reinforcement mat –anchor–drainage pipe–synergistic slope protection system. Three test red sandstone slopes with different protection methods (unprotected, three-dimensional (3D) protection mesh, and vegetation ecological protection system slopes) were constructed, and the feasibility and reliability of ecological protection against water damage to red sandstone fill slopes were analysed via the field test method. The results showed that the vegetation ecological protection system can effectively inhibit soil erosion and increase the survival rate of vegetation roots. Moreover, the the high-performance turf reinforcement mat provides a strong protective complex through interactions with vegetation roots, anchors, and drains, which significantly enhances slope stability. Under heavy rainfall conditions, the vegetation ecological protection system can effectively limit slope erosion due to water scour, thus maintaining the structural integrity of the slope.

ZnIn2S4-based multi-interface coupled photocatalyst for efficient photothermal synergistic catalytic hydrogen evolution

Photothermal synergistic catalysis is a novel technology that converts energy. In this study, ZnIn2S4 with S-vacancy (ZIS-Vs) is combined with Nickel, Nickle Oxide and Carbon Nanofiber aggregates (Ni-NiO@CNFs) to create a multi-interface coupled photocatalyst with double Schottky barrier, double channel and mixed photothermal conversion effect. Theoretical calculation confirms that the Gibbs free energy (ΔG*H) of the S-scheme heterojunction in the composite material is −0.07 eV, which is close to 0. This promotes the adsorption of H* and accelerates the formation of H2. Internal photothermal catalysis is achieved by visible-near infrared (Vis-NIR, RT) irradiation. The internal photothermal catalytic hydrogen production rate of the best sample (0.9Ni-NiO@CNFs/ZIS-Vs) is as high as 17.24 mmol·g−1·h−1, and its photothermal conversion efficiency (η) is as high as 61.42 %. Its hydrogen production efficiency is 20.52 times that of ZIS-Vs (0.84 mmol·g−1·h−1) under visible light (Vis, RT) conditions. When the Vis-NIR light source is combined with external heating (75 ℃), the hydrogen production efficiency is further improved, and the hydrogen production efficiency (29.16 mmol·g−1·h−1) is 26.75 times that of ZIS-Vs (1.09 mmol·g−1·h−1, Vis-NIR, RT). Further analysis shows that the increase in hydrogen production resulted from the apparent activation energy (Ea) of the catalyst decreasing from 16.7 kJ·mol−1 to 9.28 kJ·mol−1. This study provides a valuable prototype for the design of an efficient photothermal synergistic catalytic system.

Carbon-ferrous-sulfur mixotrophic denitrification driven by polyferric sulfate (PFS)-conditioned recovered sludge fermentation liquor enhanced nitrogen removal in woolen wastewater

Reducing pollution and carbon emissions synergistically in wastewater treatment is an important part of carbon neutralization. Recycling carbon sources (CSs) in sludge to refeed denitrification has been considered a promising sustainable pathway, but it is limited by CSs purification and recovery. This study evaluated the effects of polyferric sulfate (PFS), polyaluminum chloride (PAC), and polyacrylamide (PAM) conditioning on fermentation CSs recovery and denitrification efficiency. Results indicated PFS-conditioned recovered fermentation liquor showed higher denitrification efficiency for woolen wastewater. CSs recovery test showed that PFS conditioning improved the purity of high-bioavailability CSs by depleting fewer short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and removing more total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and humic acids. Under the 0.05 g/gTSS PFS conditioning and recovery, the preservation of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and SCFAs were 71.00 % and 84.36 %, respectively, and the nitrate degradation rate achieved 3.19 mgNO3−·h−1·gVSS−1. Importantly, Fe(III) dissociated from PFS oxidized the S2− from woolen wastewater, and generated Fe(II) and S0, which composed a synergistic electron donor system together with SCFAs. They constituted a mixotrophic denitrification dominated by heterotrophic denitrification and reinforced by ferrous and sulfur-autotrophic denitrifications, which contributed 69.56, 17.72, and 12.72 % to nitrogen removal, respectively. In addition, the refeeding of PFS-conditioned recovered fermentation liquor promoted the proliferation of microorganisms involved in iron/sulfur autotrophic denitrification and the abundance of denitrification functional genes, especially the napA, nirS, cnorB, qnorB, and nosZ, forming an efficient Carbon-Ferrous-Sulfur hybrid denitrifiers community to enhanced nitrogen removal from woolen wastewater.

A Synergistic Chemoimmunotherapy System Leveraging PD-L1 Blocking and Bioorthogonal Prodrug Activation.

Novel strategies to facilitate tumor-specific drug delivery and restore immune attacks remain challenging in overcoming the current limitations of chemoimmunotherapy. An antitumor chemoimmunotherapy system comprising bioorthogonal reaction-ready group tetrazine (TZ) modified with an anti-PD-L1 antibody (αPD-L1TZ) and TZ-activatable prodrug vinyl ether-doxorubicin (DOX-VE) for self-reinforced anti-tumor chemoimmunotherapy is proposed. The αPD-L1TZ effectively disrupts the PD-L1/PD-1 interaction and activates the DOX prodrug in situ through the bioorthogonal click reaction of TZ and VE. Conversely, the activated DOX upregulates PD-L1 on the surface of tumor cells, facilitating tumor accumulation of αPD-L1TZ and enhancing DOX-VE activation. Furthermore, the activated DOX-induced immunogenic cell death of tumor cells, substantially improving the response efficiency of αPD-L1 in an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. Thus, PD-L1 blocking and bioorthogonal in situ prodrug activation synergistically enhance the antitumor efficacy of the chemoimmunotherapy system. Therefore, the system significantly enhances αPD-L1 tumor accumulation and prodrug activation and induces a robust immunological memory effect to prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis. Thus, a feasible chemoimmunotherapy combination regimen is presented.

Synergistic inhibition of Mikania micrantha extract with iodide ion on the corrosion of cold rolled steel in trichloroacetic acid medium

The corrosion inhibition behavior of Mikania micrantha extract (MME) and iodide ion in a synergistic system consisting of 0.10 M trichloroacetic acid (Cl3CCOOH, TCA) on cold rolled steel (CRS) materials and its mechanism was fully investigated by weightlessness, electrochemical, and surface analysis measurements. The results show that MME/I− performs higher inhibition than either MME or I− with a peak inhibition efficiency of 96.3 %. The adsorption of MME, I− and MME/I− on CRS follow with Langmuir isotherm. MME/I− retards both anodic and cathodic reactions. With the MME/I− complex inhibitor, the capacitance arc radius reaches a maximum. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) showed that there were obvious adsorbent films on the surface of the suppressed CRS. Compositional analysis of surface adsorbates on CRS by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) revealed that the main components of the adsorption film on the surface of CRS contained a large number of polar compounds, notably the formation of chemical bonds by iron atoms.

P/N synergistic integrated flame retardants with instant cross-linking at high-temperature for flame retardancy and impact resistance of epoxy resins

With the development of flame retardant technology, intumescent flame retardant (IFR) systems, and instant cross-linking in case of fire have become important directions for epoxy resin (EP) flame retardancy. A carbonized matrix containing a benzoxazine structure was constructed with the triazine structure, and the integrated flame retardant (TRBPO) was constructed by introducing the phosphorus source through a partial ring-opening reaction. It can maintain its structural characteristics during the curing process of EP. When EP materials are exposed to fire, TRBPO will cross-link in the EP matrix and work as the P/N synergistic IFR system to achieve excellent flame retardancy. The results showed that 5 wt% of TRBPO could make EP composites reach UL-94 rating of V-0 with a PHRR of 303.7 kW/m2, and the TSP and TSR were reduced by 48.5 % and 48.9 %, respectively, compared with pure EP. The introduction of TRBPO has a impact resistance effect on EP, and its excellent stress dispersion effect made the impact strength of 5-TRBPO/EP reached 36.49 KJ/m2. The analysis of the flame retardant mechanism proved that the rapid carbon formation function of IFR and the self-crosslinking flame retardancy of TRBPO in the fire are the main reasons for flame retardancy. In addition, the capture of flammable groups in the gas phase is an important source of flame retardant effect.

Highly effective removal of nitrate from saline wastewater by glucose-enhanced sulfur autotrophic system

The denitrification performance of the elemental sulfur autotrophic denitrification (S0AD) system requires improvements to broaden its applicability for treating nitrate (NO3−-N) wastewater contaminated with high salinity. Therefore, this work investigated the denitrification performance and mechanism of the glucose-enhanced (C:N ratio = 1) S0AD system with saline wastewater (0–15 g/L). The results showed that by adding glucose, our research successfully constructed the elemental sulfur autotrophic/heterotrophic denitrification (HS0AD) system, which showed a stable NO3−-N removal efficiency above 95 % and lower effluent sulfate generation. The NO3−-N removal efficiency of the HS0AD system was over 95.62 % with wastewater containing different salinity levels. With increasing salinity, the glucose utilization efficiency increased from 65.23 % to 74.35 %. Microbial community analysis showed that adding glucose promoted the growth of the Proteobacteria phylum and stimulated its activity under salt stress. High salinity (≥10 g/L) reduced the microbial diversity at the genus level. However, the growth of salt-tolerant denitrifying bacteria (Thiobacillus and Vitellibacter) still enabled efficient denitrification performance with the system. These microorganisms can resist high salinity stresses by releasing proteins. All results indicated that the glucose-enhanced system shows great nitrate removal potential, even under salt stress. These conclusions provide a theoretical basis for applying a synergistic system to treat saline wastewater contaminated with NO3−-N.

Recovery of valuable metals from manganese purification sludge (SPS) containing Mn-Ni-Co sulfide and preparation of battery-grade Ni-Co-Mn sulfate solution

The manganese production industry produces a large amount of sulfide purification sludge (SPS) every year, representing a hazardous solid waste but also a valuable secondary resource for Ni, Co, and Mn. In this paper, the recovery of Ni, Co, and Mn from the SPS was achieved by (i) leaching with a solution of hydrogen peroxide, (ii) selectively extracting nickel, cobalt and manganese, (iii) solvent extraction for zinc removal, and finally obtained the battery-grade Ni-Co-Mn sulfate solution. During the hydrogen peroxide solution leaching stage, the leaching efficiency of Co, Mn, and Ni reached 98.5%, 98.6%, and 95.6%, respectively. A synergistic extraction system (SES) consisting of decyl 4-picolinate and dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid was used to selectively extract Ni, Co, and part of Mn, and the extraction of Ni and Co was >99.8% and 95.5%, respectively. The loaded organic was subjected to four-stage countercurrent scrubbing using a 5 g/L H2SO4 solution, resulting in nearly 100% removal of Ca and Mg. After that, 150 g/L H2SO4 was used to strip Ni, Co, and Mn from the loaded organic to obtain a crude Ni-Co-Mn sulfate solution. Finally, D2EHPA was utilized for the extraction of impurity Zn from the stripping solution to obtain a battery-grade Ni-Co-Mn sulfate solution with <5 × 10−4 g/L of Zn. Compared to traditional technology, the novel process not only enables the recovery of valuable Ni, Co, and Mn in SPS but also facilitates their direct preparation into battery-grade nickel‑cobalt‑manganese sulfate solution, which has the advantages of a short process and high added value.