Synergistic Extraction Research Articles

Efficient extraction of lithium from alkaline solution using the synergistic extractants ethylhexyl salicylate and trialkylphosphine oxide in kerosene and stripping with acid

Efficient separation of lithium from alkaline solution with high Na/Li ratio is of great importance for the development of batteries for new energy industry. This work proposes the use of a novel extraction system composed of ethylhexyl salicylate (ES) and trialkylphosphine oxide (TRPO). The equilibrium experiment revealed that the order of metal ions extracted by ES/TRPO extraction system is Mg2+ > Ca2+ > Li+ > Na+ > K+. A recovery process including extraction, scrubbing, and stripping was designed to recover lithium from a solution of 3.25 g/L Li, 52 g/L Na and 0.8 mol/L OH−. More than 99% of lithium could be extracted to the organic phase. After stripping, a lithium-rich solution containing 25 g/L Li was obtained, and the system showed good stability in the cycling experiments. The FT-IR analysis and DFT calculation were conducted to investigate the extraction mechanism. The results demonstrated that ES mainly coordinates with metal ions through Ph-O and CO bonds to form a hexatomic ring complex, thereby allowing metal ions to enter the organic phase. The calculated binding energies of the complex are highly consistent with the equilibrium experiment. The present work may provide a novel extraction system to efficiently recover lithium from alkaline solution with high Na/Li ratio.

Rapid synergistic cloud point extraction based on hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent combined with hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry for determination of selenium in tea samples

Herein, hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDESs) were created for the fast preconcentration of Se(IV) from tea samples at room temperature. A facile and rapid synergistic cloud point extraction (HDES-RS-CPE) procedure was used, followed by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS). The selected synergistic DES included glycine and lauric acid (molar ratio 3:1). 2-hydroxy-5-p-tolylazobenzaldehyde (HTAB) and Triton X-114 were utilized as chelating reagent and non-ionic surfactant, respectively. The experimental parameters that impact extraction recovery were examined and optimized. The detection limit, quantification limit, preconcentration factor, and enhancement factor for Se(IV) under optimum circumstances were 0.02 μg L−1, 0.06 μg L−1, 125, and 149, respectively. The method exhibited analytical linearity in the range up to 700.0 μg L−1. The procedure was used effectively for the quantification of Se(IV) in tea and certified samples. Moreover, the National Environmental Method Index (NEMI), the analytical greenness scale for sample preparation (AGREEprep), and the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) criteria have been used to measure the greenness score of the extraction procedure. To further highlight the environmental friendliness of this method, a detailed evaluation has been performed.

Recovery of valuable metals from manganese purification sludge (SPS) containing Mn-Ni-Co sulfide and preparation of battery-grade Ni-Co-Mn sulfate solution

The manganese production industry produces a large amount of sulfide purification sludge (SPS) every year, representing a hazardous solid waste but also a valuable secondary resource for Ni, Co, and Mn. In this paper, the recovery of Ni, Co, and Mn from the SPS was achieved by (i) leaching with a solution of hydrogen peroxide, (ii) selectively extracting nickel, cobalt and manganese, (iii) solvent extraction for zinc removal, and finally obtained the battery-grade Ni-Co-Mn sulfate solution. During the hydrogen peroxide solution leaching stage, the leaching efficiency of Co, Mn, and Ni reached 98.5%, 98.6%, and 95.6%, respectively. A synergistic extraction system (SES) consisting of decyl 4-picolinate and dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid was used to selectively extract Ni, Co, and part of Mn, and the extraction of Ni and Co was >99.8% and 95.5%, respectively. The loaded organic was subjected to four-stage countercurrent scrubbing using a 5 g/L H2SO4 solution, resulting in nearly 100% removal of Ca and Mg. After that, 150 g/L H2SO4 was used to strip Ni, Co, and Mn from the loaded organic to obtain a crude Ni-Co-Mn sulfate solution. Finally, D2EHPA was utilized for the extraction of impurity Zn from the stripping solution to obtain a battery-grade Ni-Co-Mn sulfate solution with <5 × 10−4 g/L of Zn. Compared to traditional technology, the novel process not only enables the recovery of valuable Ni, Co, and Mn in SPS but also facilitates their direct preparation into battery-grade nickel‑cobalt‑manganese sulfate solution, which has the advantages of a short process and high added value.

Synergistic rosemary extract with TBHQ and citric acid improves oxidative stability and shelf life of peanut.

Lipid oxidation often accompanies the processing and storage of peanuts, which causes a serious waste of peanut resources. To solve the problem of being prone to oxidation in peanut processing, a ternary complex antioxidant based on rosemary extract (RE) was constructed to investigate its effect on the oxidative and thermal stability of peanuts, and the inhibition of peanut oxidation by compound antioxidants was revealed by dynamic Arrhenius formula and complexation theory. The results showed that there was a synergistic effect between RE and Tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ), and the antioxidant effects of RE and TBHQ were 4.86 and 1.45 times higher when used in combination than when used alone, respectively. In addition, RE-TBHQ-CA (citric acid) effectively inhibited primary and secondary oxidation of peanuts with a shelf life 8.7 times longer than that of control peanuts. This study provides a novel antioxidant compounding idea, which has a positive effect on improving the quality of peanut and other nut products, prolonging the shelf life and reducing the waste of resources. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Compounding a complex antioxidant that permits its use in peanuts. It was found that rosemary and TBHQ might have synergistic antioxidant effects. Meanwhile, this combination of RE-TBHQ-CA effectively inhibited the oxidation of peanut oils and prolonged the shelf life of peanuts. RE-TBHQ-CA is a highly efficient complex antioxidant that can reduce the amounts of antioxidants added while maintaining high antioxidant efficiency, which may be useful for the future preservation and storage of nut products as it positively affects the quality and shelf life of the product.

Selective extraction of nickel from acid leach solution of spent lithium-ion batteries using synergistic solvent extraction system consisting of TFCA-4PC

Selective extraction of nickel from acid leach solution of spent lithium-ion batteries using synergistic solvent extraction system consisting of TFCA-4PC

Experimental study on the performance of synergistic ventilation system combining shaft with mechanical ventilation in extra-long road tunnels

Ventilation shafts are widely equipped in extra-long road tunnels. Due to the plug-holing phenomenon, it may be impossible to improve smoke extraction performance solely by increasing extraction velocity in a traditional ventilation shaft. Taking reference from practices in mine ventilation shafts, a novel mechanical board-coupled ventilation shaft (MBCS) was introduced. A total of 120 experiments in a 1:20 reduced-scale tunnel model were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the novel shaft. The effects of shaft height, board location, and extraction velocity were investigated, and the interaction dynamic mechanism of synergistic smoke extraction between fan-driven and shaft-driven was revealed. The results indicate that the novel MBCS can achieve better smoke extraction performance as the extraction velocity increases. Besides, compared to the traditional MBCS in our previous study, the smoke extraction efficiency of the novel MBCS improves by 19.8 %, the heat extraction performance improves by 75.7 %. Moreover, based on theoretical and dimensional analysis, a model to analyze the dynamic mechanism of synergistic smoke extraction was established, which may provide positive insights for smoke control and extraction design both in extra-long road tunnels and mine ventilation shafts.

High-efficiency recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries: Optimization of SO2 pressure leaching and selective extraction of trace impurities

The recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is crucial for environmental protection and resource optimization. In the traditional recovery process of spent LIBs, the leaching of high-valence metals has the problems of high cost and limited reagent utilization, and some valuable metals are lost in the subsequent purification process of the leaching solution. To reduce the cost of reagents, this study proposes the use of low-cost SO2 as a reagent combined with pressure leaching to efficiently recover high-valence metals from delithiated materials of spent LIBs, while selective solvent extraction is used to remove trace impurities in the leaching solution to avoid the loss of valuable metals. Experimental results demonstrated that by optimizing the conditions to 0.25 MPa SO2 partial pressure and 60 min reaction time at 70 °C, the leaching efficiencies for Ni, Co, and Mn reached 99.6%, 99.3%, and 99.6%, respectively. The kinetic study indicated that the leaching process was diffusion-controlled. Furthermore, the delithiated materials were used to completely utilize the residual SO2 in the solution to obtain a high concentration Ni–Co–Mn rich solution. Subsequently, Fe and Al impurities were deeply removed through a synergistic extraction of Di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and tributyl phosphate (TBP) without loss of valuable metals, achieving a high-purity Ni–Co–Mn solution. The process developed based on this work has the characteristics of environmental friendliness, high valuable metal recovery, and high product purity, providing a reference technical method for the synergistic treatment of waste SO2 flue gas with spent LIBs and the deep purification of impurities in spent LIBs.

Multistep pH-peak-focusing liquid chromatography with a hydrophilic polymer gel column for separation of rare earth elements

Multistep pH-peak-focusing liquid chromatography with a column packed with a hydrophilic polymer gel (a cross-linked hydroxylated methacrylic polymer gel) was developed for separation of rare earth metal ions. Metal ions in a sample solution introduced to the column are chromatographically extracted into the stationary gel phase at the top of the column equilibrated with a basic solution used as the first mobile phase containing acetylacetone and 1,10-phenanthroline by synergistic extraction effect. After the sample solution is introduced, the mobile phases are delivered into the column by stepwise gradient elution in order of decreasing pH. Each metal ion is concentrated at a pH border formed between the zones of different pH in the column and moves toward the outlet of the column with the pH border. Mutual separation of La(III), Ce(III), Nd(III), Eu(III), Y(III), Tb(III), and Yb(III) was achieved by the present method for an 1-mL sample injection with the column of which the inner volume is 11.8 mL. The multistep pH-peak-focusing liquid chromatography with a hydrophilic polymer gel column developed in this study has great potential as a useful method for the separation of rare earth metal ions on a preparatory scale.

Closed-loop purification process of industrial phosphoric acid: Selective recovery of heavy metals and rare earth elements via solvent extraction

Phosphate fertilizers are produced using phosphoric acid as a vital chemical component. This essential ingredient is typically derived from phosphate rock, through a wet process phosphoric acid (WPPA). However, the WPPA contains impurities, including heavy metals (HMs) like cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), as well as unwanted elements like iron, and other valuables elements, notably rare earth elements (REEs) such as yttrium (Y), holmium (Ho) and ytterbium (Yb). The current study aims to develop a novel process for a simultaneous and selective recovery of HMs and REEs through solvent extraction from WPPA. Single-stage extraction, cascade extraction and synergistic extraction were explored to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms and identify the most efficient process. 90, 80 and 99 % for Y, Ho and Yb, respectively, were extracted using D2EHPA. While 89 % for Zn, 99 % for Cu and Cd were removed using Cyanex 301. On the other hand, 60 % of Yb, 74 % of Y and 78 % of Ho were stripped using H2SO4, while 98 % of Cd and 99 % of Zn were stripped using HCl. The organic phase can be successfully reused with an effective extraction and stripping. Oxalic acid (C2H2O4) was employed to precipitate REEs. However, sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) was used to precipitate HMs. Finally, solvent extraction was carried out on WPPA solution to ensure the extraction performance under industrial conditions.

Selective separation and recovery of boron from spent Nd-Fe-B magnets leaching solution

The accumulation of boron during the recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from spent Neodymium-Iron-Boron (Nd-Fe-B) magnets affects the extraction of REEs and causes environmental pollution through the boron-containing wastewater. Given that boron is a globally scarce strategic resource, this study proposes a method for the selective separation and recovery of boron from spent Nd-Fe-B magnets leaching solution. The synergistic extraction of boron adopting 2-ethylhexanol (EHA) and 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol (EHD), and the extraction mechanism were investigated. Under optimized conditions (30 % EHA-20 % EHD-50 % sulfonated kerosene, 1:1O/A phase ratio, pH 3.3, 10 min), the two-stage countercurrent extraction achieved a remarkable 99.9 % extraction efficiency with minimal loss of REEs. Slope analysis, Raman, FT-IR, and NMR combined with DFT were used to elucidate the extraction mechanism. Specifically, some of the boric acid molecules complexed with the OH groups of EHD to form stable six-membered ring complexes, while another part bound with both EHA and EHD to form linear complexes containing six-membered rings. Employing 0.4 mol/L NaOH as the stripping agent, the two-stage countercurrent stripping process achieved a stripping efficiency of 99.8 %. Subsequently, borax pentahydrate products exceeding 99 % purity were obtained via evaporative crystallization from the stripping solution. Notably, the raffinate contained only ∼ 5 mg/L of boron, which could be further reduced below the discharge standard via the REEs recovery process, allowing for safe emission. This work offers a novel approach for the selective separation and recovery of boron from spent Nd-Fe-B magnets, eliminating its adverse effects on REEs extraction and the environment, while simultaneously recovering a valuable resource.

Separation of trace amount of nickel from cobalt sulphate solutions using a synergistic solvent extraction system consisting of dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid (DNNSA) and decyl 4-picolinate (4PC)

The current methods for separation of nickel from cobalt sulphate solutions have drawbacks of long flowsheets, release of large volumes of wastewater and incomplete separation of two metals. A synergistic solvent extraction (SSX) system consisting of dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid (DNNSA) and decyl 4-picolinate (4PC) is proposed in this work to extract nickel from cobalt sulphate solutions selectively. The extraction of nickel reached 99.7% after five-stage counter current extraction with an A/O volume ratio of 1/6 at 30 °C, resulting in a large increase of Co/Ni mass ratio to 25,700 in raffinate from 56 in feed. The loaded organic phase can be easily stripped using a dilute H2SO4 solution. Application of this process in industry is expected to make an important impact on the production of high-purity cobalt sulphate solutions and to deliver economic benefits.

Prediction of Actively Exerted Torque From Ankle Joint Complex Based on Muscle Synergy

Prediction of actively exerted torque from the ankle joint complex (AJC) is critical for human-robot interaction because this is the real torque that the patient exerts. In this work, we develop a prediction framework to predict the actively exerted torque from the surface electromyography (sEMG) signal. The modified non-negative matrix factorization (mNMF) algorithm is used to extract muscle activation information (MAI) and muscle synergy information (MSI); the pseudo-siamese network (PSN) is used to fit the MAI and MSI to actively exerted torque. The prediction accuracy is compared under different ankle attitudes, synergistic feature extraction algorithms, and prediction algorithms, and the results show that the prediction accuracy of the proposed framework is 94.15%, and the variance of prediction accuracy is just 3.56% under different ankle attitudes. The proposed framework can provide the real actively exerted torque for the active rehabilitation training of ankle joint, so as to improve the enthusiasm and initiative of patients during rehabilitation training.

Synergistic Extraction of Erbium(III) by n-Octyl Phenyl Phosphinic Acid (OPPA) with Oxine and 2-Methyl Oxine in Different Diluents

The synergistic extraction of erbium (III) was investigated using n-octyl phenyl phosphinic acid (OPPA) in combination with oxine and 2-methyl oxine in different diluents. The extraction efficiencies of these synergistic extractants for erbium were measured as a function of extractant concentration, pH, temperature and diluents. The composition of extracted species determined by slope analysis method indicates the formation of [Er(HA2)3(HOX)]org complex and was also confirmed by Infrared spectroscopy. Based on the experimental data, the values of the equilibrium constants as well as synergistic coefficients have been calculated. Both the donors (oxine/2-methyl oxines) exhibited almost similar synergistic effect with OPPA. The extraction of erbium with these solvents was exothermic in nature. Diluent dependency on synergism for OPPA-oxine/2-methyl oxine system was explained in terms of regular solution theory of Hildebrand. Experimentally determined solubility parameter of ternary adduct was correlated with theoretically obtained values.

Study of molecular mechanism and extraction performance evaluation for separation of phenolics from alkaline wastewater through synergistic extraction

ABSTRACT Phenols were a kind of pollutant in coal chemical wastewater with high concentration and difficult to decompose and have a significant impact on the subsequent biochemical treatment of the wastewater. In addition, phenols were a kind of weak electrolytes that partially dissociation oxidation under weakly alkaline conditions, making recovery more difficult. In order to solve this problem, phenols were extracted from weak alkaline wastewater with a synergistic solvent. First, the interaction between solvents and phenols and the solvent effect of solvents were calculated by quantum chemistry and the synergistic extractant cyclohexanone/1-pentanol was determined to have significant advantages. Moreover, the synergistic extractant was further analyzed through independent gradient model based on Hirshfeld partition analysis, atoms in molecule topology analysis, electrostatic potential analysis. Results indicated that the synergistic extract can provide multiple hydrogen bond interactions with phenol due to the double action sites of the C=O group of ketone and the -OH group of alcohol. In addition, the efficacy of the extractant was validated by multistage extraction, indicating partial dissociation oxidation of hydroquinone to benzoquinone under weakly alkaline conditions, with removal rates of 99.5% and 99.2% for phenol and hydroquinone, respectively. In general, the synergistic extractant can effectively remove phenols.

Amide and carboxyl dual-functionalized magnetic microporous organic networks for efficient extraction of cephalosporins

Cephalosporins (CEFs) are a class of widely used toxic antibiotics. Development of a rapid and sensitive method for detecting trace CEF residues in food samples is still challenging. Herein, we report preparation of an amide and carboxyl groups dual-functionalized core-shelled magnetic microporous organic network MMON-COOH-2CONH for efficient magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of CEFs from milk powder samples. Under optimal conditions, the established MMON-COOH-2CONH-MSPE-HPLC-UV method owns wide linear range (3–10000 µg kg−1), low limits of detection (1–3 µg kg−1), large enrichment factors (93.9–99.4), low adsorbent consumption (3 mg), and short extraction time (6 min). Synergistic extraction mechanisms of ionic bonding, hydrogen bonding, π-π, and hydrophobic interactions were elucidated by both theoretical density functional theory calculations and experimental data. This study confirms that preparation of dual-functionalized MMONs and introduction of ionic groups are feasible to promote MMONs application in sample pretreatment.

Efficient separation and recovery of Co and Ni from ammonium sulfate roasting‐water leaching solutions of oceanic cobalt‐rich crusts by sulfide precipitation and P507–Cyanex 272 synergistic extraction

AbstractOceanic cobalt‐rich crusts contain many valuable metals including Co, Ni, Cu, and Mn, of which Co and Ni are scarce metal resources on terrestrial land. Co, Ni, Cu, and Mn in cobalt‐rich crusts can be efficiently extracted by the ammonium sulfate roasting‐water leaching (ARWL) process, but separating and recovering Co and Ni from the leaching solution containing high concentrations of Mn is a challenging problem. In this study, a combination of sulfide precipitation and P507–Cyanex 272 synergistic extraction is proposed for the separation and recovery of Co and Ni from the ARWL solutions of oceanic cobalt‐rich crusts. Under the optimum sulfide precipitation conditions, Co and Ni were precipitated with 99.85% and 99.63% efficiency, respectively, while Mn was coprecipitated with only .79% efficiency. The Co–Ni mixed sulfides were dissolved by dilute sulfuric acid under oxidative conditions to obtain a solution containing 12.584 g/L Co, 11.012 g/L Ni, and a small amount of Mn. Subsequently, Co and Mn were extracted from this solution using P507–Cyanex 272 synergistic extraction, the single‐stage extraction efficiencies of Co and Mn were 95.76% and 99.73%, respectively, and the coextraction efficiency of Ni was 3.02%, under the conditions of a feed solution pH of 3.0, an extractant saponification degree of 70%, a total extractant concentration of 20% (P507 to Cyanex 272 ratio of 3:7), and an O/A ratio of 1.1:1. The results of the thermodynamic study showed that the reaction of Co extraction by this mixed extraction system was exothermic. Ni in the organic phase was washed with an H2SO4 concentration of .12 mol/L, followed by stripping of Co and Mn with an H2SO4 concentration of .6 mol/L. Mn in the stripping solution was removed by oxidative precipitation with (NH4)2S2O8, after which the Co3O4 product was obtained by precipitation with (NH4)2C2O4 and calcination. Similarly, NiC2O4·2H2O can be obtained from the raffinate by (NH4)2C2O4 precipitation. Finally, a flowsheet was developed for the separation and recovery of Co, Ni, Cu, and Mn from the ARWL solutions of oceanic cobalt‐rich crusts. The study provides a promising scheme for the recovery of various valuable metals from deep‐sea cobalt‐rich crusts or manganese nodules.

Synergistic ultrasound pulsed electric field extraction of litchi peel polyphenols and determination of their properties

The effects of pulsed electric field combined with ultrasound (PEF-US) on the recovery of polyphenols from litchi peels were investigated. In addition, the optimal purification parameters for polyphenol extracts and their biological activities were also explored in this study. Single-factor and orthogonal experiments were used to optimize the extraction conditions of polyphenols. After optimization, the total phenol content (TPC) of the sample extracted by PEF-US was 2.30 times higher than that of the sample extracted by traditional hot-water extraction. The mechanism of PEF-US enhancing polyphenol recovery was also revealed by morphological analysis of the powder surface. LX-7 was the best resin by comparing the purification effect of nine macroporous resins. The optimum conditions for purification of litchi peel polyphenols by LX-7 resin were also optimized through adsorption and desorption experiments. UHPLC-MS and HPLC results revealed that gentisic acid, catechin, procyanidin A2 and procyanidin B1 are four main substances in purified samples. The results of bioactivity experiments showed that the purified polyphenol samples had strong antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Overall, PEF-US is an efficient method for recovering polyphenols from litchi peels. Our study also provides a strategy for the comprehensive utilization of fruit processing waste.

Synergistic extraction of rare earth elements and alumina from coal fly ash by potassium pyrosulfate

Although coal fly ash (CFA) contains a high content of rare earth elements (REEs), the related extraction methods have limitations because of their low efficiencies, high levels of energy consumption, and other drawbacks. To address these problems, in this study, we examined the coextraction of REEs and Al2O3 from two types of Al2O3-rich CFA, pulverized CFA (PCFA) and circulating fluidized bed fly ash (CFBFA) using low-temperature calcination in the presence of K2S2O7. The total REEs, heavy REEs (HREEs), and light REEs (LREEs) extraction efficiencies were determined using different K2S2O7/Al2O3 molar ratios and calcination temperatures and correlated with the Al2O3 extraction efficiency using Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. The REEs are concentrated within CFA particles encapsulated in an aluminosilicate glass phase, and the REEs extraction efficiency is related to the form of Al in CFA. The extraction efficiencies of Al2O3 and REEs increase as the K2S2O7/Al2O3 molar ratio and calcination temperature increase, and the extraction selectivity of the more industrially valuable HREEs from CFBFA is higher. At high K2S2O7/Al2O3 molar ratios, the extraction of REEs from PCFA is more efficient than that from CFBFA with the regeneration of the highly active Al–O–Si bonds in CFBFA. The Al2O3 extraction efficiencies of PCFA as well as CFBFA correlate strongly with the total REEs, HREEs, and LREEs extraction efficiencies. The developed extraction technology has the potential to promote CFA valorization and expand REEs resources, thus mitigating the bottlenecks of REEs procurement.

Polyamidoxime-based colloidal particles with a 3D network for synergistic uranium extraction from seawater

It is still a challenge to synthesize high-performance adsorbents for uranium extraction from seawater.

Lithium Separation and Up-concentration from Battery Recycling Effluent by Synergistic Solvent Extraction

Exponential growth in the electric vehicle (EV) market warrants a stable supply of certain materials including lithium (Li). Due to its criticality and environmental concern, Li recycling from spent batteries is justified. Although there are several industrially established schemes for end-of-life battery recycling, major drawbacks are still encountered regarding Li recovery. In most recycling schemes, Li stands to be the last element that is recovered. This causes major loss of Li during the process and high energy is consumed to recover it from the final effluent i.e. evaporation, rendering Li recovery economically unattractive. Evaporation is generally applied to up-concentrate Li in the effluent to attain the minimum concentration required to induce precipitation and crystallization in Li salt production. In this research, solvent extraction is being proposed as a low energy alternative in Li up-concentration and separation from recycling effluent. The synergistic effect between 2-thenoyl trifluoro acetone (HTTA) and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) as extractants in kerosene as diluent has been tested in batch studies to increase Li concentration in the final solution. Optimal extraction conditions reported include HTTA/TOPO mol ratio 1, shaking speed 250 rpm, extraction time 10 min, aqueous/organic volume ratio 1 and pH 10.1 (Li extraction rate 55.6 %). The maximum loading capacity of organic phase for Li was 1.2 g/L and complete stripping of Li could be achieved using 0.5 M sulfuric acid. It was demonstrated that the solvent extraction scheme can increase Li concentration in the effluent from 0.23 g/L to 10.06 g/L, which is suitable concentration for Li salt production by further precipitation or crystallization.