Rapid synergistic cloud point extraction based on hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent combined with hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry for determination of selenium in tea samples

Abstract

Herein, hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDESs) were created for the fast preconcentration of Se(IV) from tea samples at room temperature. A facile and rapid synergistic cloud point extraction (HDES-RS-CPE) procedure was used, followed by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS). The selected synergistic DES included glycine and lauric acid (molar ratio 3:1). 2-hydroxy-5-p-tolylazobenzaldehyde (HTAB) and Triton X-114 were utilized as chelating reagent and non-ionic surfactant, respectively. The experimental parameters that impact extraction recovery were examined and optimized. The detection limit, quantification limit, preconcentration factor, and enhancement factor for Se(IV) under optimum circumstances were 0.02 μg L−1, 0.06 μg L−1, 125, and 149, respectively. The method exhibited analytical linearity in the range up to 700.0 μg L−1. The procedure was used effectively for the quantification of Se(IV) in tea and certified samples. Moreover, the National Environmental Method Index (NEMI), the analytical greenness scale for sample preparation (AGREEprep), and the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) criteria have been used to measure the greenness score of the extraction procedure. To further highlight the environmental friendliness of this method, a detailed evaluation has been performed.