Synchrotron X-ray Powder Diffraction Research Articles

Temperature-dependent synchrotron XRD study and electrical properties of the (1-x)BZT-(x)BCT lead-free piezoceramics

In recent years, researchers have shown the feasibility of the BZT-xBCT lead-free piezoelectric ceramics for using in various applications such as actuator, energy harvester, high-frequency ultrasonic transducer, etc. However, little evidence of temperature-dependent electrical properties of the BZT-xBCT ceramic was found. Moreover, some researchers have utilized Raman spectroscopy to observe the phase transition of the BZT-xBCT ceramic, but the Raman spectra of ferroelectric polymorphic phases are almost identical and hard to distinguish. In contrast, synchrotron radiation exhibits a high degree of monochromatization and collimation with smaller wavelength than x-ray tubes, resulting in the improvement of resolution for identifying the overlapping peaks. Therefore, this work aims to determine phase coexistence of the BZT-xBCT ceramic near phase boundary region by using high-resolution synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction in comparison with the temperature-dependent electrical properties. This work found that the occurrence of thermally-induced polymorphic phase transformations for the BZT-xBCT ceramics plays a significant role in the observed temperature-dependent electrical properties. Moreover, this work observed a trace of surface damaged layer (the presence of low-angle shoulder in the synchrotron XRD profiles) from mechanical grinding during sample preparation for XRD measurement, which has not previously been found in the BZT-xBCT ceramics. These finding will help to better understand the temperature-dependent functional properties of the BZT-xBCT ceramic for transferring into practical applications.

A comparative study of the high-pressure structural stability of zirconolite materials for nuclear waste immobilisation

We present a comparative study of the high-pressure behaviours of the nuclear waste immobilisation materials zirconolite-2M, −4M, –3O, and −3T. The materials are studied under high-pressure conditions using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction. For zirconolite-2M we also performed density-functional theory calculations. A new triclinic crystal structure (space group P1¯), instead of the previously assigned monoclinic structure (space group C2/c) is proposed for zirconolite-2M. We named the triclinic structure as zirconolite-2TR. We also found that zirconolite-2TR undergoes a phase transition at 14.7 GPa to a monoclinic structure described by space group C2/c, which is different than the high-pressure structure previously proposed in the literature. These results are discussed in comparison with previous studies on zirconolite-2M and the related compound calzirtite. For the other three zirconolite structures (4M, 3O, and 3T) this is the first high-pressure study, and we find no evidence for pressure induced phase transitions in any of them. The linear compressibility of the studied compounds, as well as a room-temperature pressure–volume equation of state, are also presented and discussed.

High valency of charge compensator (Mo6+) to substitute Ti site in REE doped zirconolite (REE=Nd, Sm, Gd, Ho and Yb): Solid solubility, phase evolution and structural analysis

Zirconolite ceramics have been proven to be a promising matrix for high-level waste immobilization, especially for minor actinides. In this study, a series of CaZr1-2xREE2xTi2-xMoxO7 (REE = Nd, Sm, Gd, Ho, Yb) samples were prepared to investigate the formation of zirconolite REE as surrogates of minor actinides and Mo6+ as charge compensator. Synchrotron and in-house powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES), and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) were used to study their solid solubility, phase evolution, and structural details. XRD results show that the formation of zirconolite-2M can be up to x = 0.15 in the CaZr1-2xNd2xTi2-xMoxO7 samples when co-existence of 2 M and 4 M was observed at x = 0.20 and 0.25. The “yellow phase” appears when x exceeds 0.4. The phase evolutions of CaZr1-2xSm2xTi2-xMoxO7, CaZr1-2xGd2xTi2-xMoxO7, CaZr1-2xHo2xTi2-xMoxO7 and CaZr1-2xYb2xTi2-xMoxO7 solid solutions are similar to each other: (1) zirconolite-2M in x = 0.05 and 0.10; (2) co-existence of 2 M and 4 M and then formation of 4 M phase from x = 0.15 to 0.25; (3) formation of “yellow phase” and pyrochlore when x ≥ 0.30. Interestingly, perovskite exits in all the ceramic samples, and its lattice parameters slightly change when increasing the dopants. Rietveld refinement results reveal that Sm/Ho mainly incorporates into 8f (Wyckoff position) Zr-sites while Mo replaces the 8f (Wyckoff position) Ti-sites. XANES results further confirm the occupation of Mo in TiO5 coordination environments. Furthermore, there is a considerable amount of Sm/Ho incorporated into 8f Ca-sites, demonstrating a different substitution mechanism from the preliminary design.

New Findings on the Crystal Polymorphism of Imepitoin.

Scientific and industrial reasons dictate the study of the solid state of imepitoin, a highly safe and tolerable anticonvulsant drug used in the therapy of epileptic dogs that was approved in the Europe Union in 2013. Our investigations allowed us to discover the existence of a new polymorph of imepitoin, which finds itself in a monotropic relationship with the crystalline form (polymorph I) already known and present on the market. This form (polymorph II), obtained by crystallization from xylene, remains metastable under ambient conditions for at least 1 year. Both solid forms were characterized by thermal (DSC and TGA), spectroscopic (FT-IR and Raman), microscopic (SEM and HSM), and diffractometric techniques. The thermodynamic relationship between the two polymorphs (monotropic) is such that it is not possible to study the melting of polymorph II, not even by adopting appropriate experimental strategies. Our measurements highlighted that the melting peak of imepitoin actually also includes an onset of melt decomposition. The ab initio structure solution, obtained from synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data collected at room temperature, allowed us to determine the crystal structure of the new polymorph (II). It crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal structure, P21/c space group (#14), with a = 14.8687(6) Å, b = 7.2434(2) Å, c = 12.5592(4) Å, β = 107.5586(8)°, V = 1289.61(8) Å3, and Z = 4.

Exotic Magnetism in Perovskite KOsO_{3}.

A new perovskite KOsO_{3} has been stabilized under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions. It is cubic at 500K (Pm-3m) and undergoes subsequent phase transitions to tetragonal at 320K (P4/mmm) and rhombohedral (R-3m) at 230K as shown from refining synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction (SXRD) data. The larger orbital overlap integral and the extended wave function of 5d electrons in the perovskite KOsO_{3} allow to explore physics from the regime where Mott and Hund's rule couplings dominate to the state where the multiple interactions are on equal footing. We demonstrate an exotic magnetic ordering phase found by neutron powder diffraction along with physical properties via a suite of measurements including magnetic and transport properties, differential scanning calorimetry, and specific heat, which provide comprehensive information for a system at the crossover from localized to itinerant electronic behavior.

The Chemistry of Spinel Ferrite Nanoparticle Nucleation, Crystallization, and Growth.

The nucleation, crystallization, and growth mechanisms of MnFe2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, and ZnFe2O4 nanocrystallites prepared from coprecipitated transition metal (TM) hydroxide precursors treated at sub-, near-, and supercritical hydrothermal conditions have been studied by in situ X-ray total scattering (TS) with pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, and in situ synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) with Rietveld analysis. The in situ TS experiments were carried out on 0.6 M TM hydroxide precursors prepared from aqueous metal chloride solutions using 24.5% NH4OH as the precipitating base. The PDF analysis reveals equivalent nucleation processes for the four spinel ferrite compounds under the studied hydrothermal conditions, where the TMs form edge-sharing octahedrally coordinated hydroxide units (monomers/dimers and in some cases trimers) in the aqueous precursor, which upon hydrothermal treatment nucleate through linking by tetrahedrally coordinated TMs. The in situ PXRD experiments were carried out on 1.2 M TM hydroxide precursors prepared from aqueous metal nitrate solutions using 16 M NaOH as the precipitating base. The crystallization and growth of the nanocrystallites were found to progress via different processes depending on the specific TMs and synthesis temperatures. The PXRD data show that MnFe2O4 and CoFe2O4 nanocrystallites rapidly grow (typically <1 min) to equilibrium sizes of 20-25 nm and 10-12 nm, respectively, regardless of applied temperature in the 170-420 °C range, indicating limited possibility of targeted size control. However, varying the reaction time (0-30 min) and temperature (150-400 °C) allows different sizes to be obtained for NiFe2O4 (3-30 nm) and ZnFe2O4 (3-12 nm) nanocrystallites. The mechanisms controlling the crystallization and growth (nucleation, growth by diffusion, Ostwald ripening, etc.) were examined by qualitative analysis of the evolution in refined scale factor (proportional to extent of crystallization) and mean crystallite volume (proportional to extent of growth). Interestingly, lower kinetic barriers are observed for the formation of the mixed spinels (MnFe2O4 and CoFe2O4) compared to the inverse (NiFe2O4) and normal (ZnFe2O4) spinel structured compounds, suggesting that the energy barrier for formation may be lowered when the TMs have no site preference.

High-pressure synthesis and magnetic characterization of quadruple perovskites SmA′3Co4O12 (A′ = Cu, Mn)

In this study, two novel quadruple perovskite compounds SmA′3Co4O12 (A′ = Cu, Mn) were synthesized using a high-pressure synthesis method. Structural analysis of the perovskites using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction revealed that both SmCu3Co4O12 and SmMn3Co4O12 have cubic Im3‾ structure. In the temperature range of 2–300 K, SmCu3Co4O12 did not exhibit a magnetic phase transition, whereas SmMn3Co4O12 exhibited a paramagnetic to ferrimagnetic phase transition at ∼90 K. A comparison of structural information, X-ray absorption near edge structure, and magnetic properties revealed that the low-spin state (S = 0) characterizes the spin state of Co3+ when the A′ site is occupied by Cu3+. However, when the A′ site is occupied by Mn3+, the Co3+ spin state is in a high-spin state (S = 2), indicating that a long-range magnetic phase transition occurs owing to the magnetic interaction between the Mn and Co ions.

The lattice contraction of UO2 from Cr doping as determined via high resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction

High resolution synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction analysis of Cr-doped UO2 samples with additions of Cr2O3 as 0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2500 to 3500 ppm prepared under sintering conditions of -420 kJ/mol and 1700 °C is reported. The lattice dependence from Cr doping is established through the Rietveld refinement method where the rate of linear lattice parameter contraction from Cr doping, Δacr, was found to be considerably smaller and more subtle than previously described. This investigation highlights the need for high resolution and precise specimen preparation when measuring and interpreting subtle changes to nuclear material crystal structures due to trace doping.

Designing a 3D framework NaVOPO4 as a high-power, low-strain and long-life positive electrode material for Na-ion batteries

Advances in sodium-ion batteries hugely rely on perfecting the performance of active electrode materials. In this paper, we offer a new NaVOPO4 polymorph adopting a KTiOPO4-type framework as a promising high-rate, low-strain and long-life positive electrode material for sodium-ion batteries. NaVOPO4 is prepared via a facile hydrothermally-assisted solid-state ion exchange. The crystal structure is refined based on synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and validated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), transmission electron microscopy analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The electrochemical performance of NaVOPO4 is evaluated through galvanostatic charge/discharge tests, cyclic voltammetry, potentiostatic intermittent titration and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A carbon-coated NaVOPO4 demonstrates a specific capacity of ∼110 mAh g–1 at a C/10 rate at an average potential of ∼3.93 V vs. Na+/Na. The material exhibits decent capacity retention and rate capability, maintaining over 74 % of the initial capacity after 1000 cycles at a C/2 rate and around 87% at a 2C charge/discharge rate. Diffusion coefficients of 10–11 cm2 s–1 and DFT-calculated energy barriers of ∼0.15–0.35 eV indicate fast Na+ ion diffusion within the NaVOPO4 framework. The vanadium oxidation state and charge compensation mechanism in NaVOPO4 are studied by XAS and DFT. Moreover, the operando XRD analysis coupled with DFT elucidates several phase transitions occurring in NaVOPO4 with an exceptionally low volume variation of 2.4% in total, highlighting the reversibility and structural stability during Na+ de/insertion. Overall, NaVOPO4 exhibits attractive electrochemical performance and stability, making it a potential candidate for sodium-ion battery cathode materials.

Crystal structure of nicarbazin, (C13H10N4O5)(C6H8N2O)

The crystal structure of nicarbazin has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Nicarbazin is a co-crystal of 4,4′-dinitrocarbanilide (DNC) and 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine (HDP) molecules. Nicarbazin crystallizes in space group P-1 (#2) with a = 6.90659(8), b = 12.0794(4), c = 13.5040(7) Å, α = 115.5709(11), β = 102.3658(6), γ = 91.9270(4)°, V = 982.466(5) Å3, and Z = 2. The DNC and HDP molecules are linked by two strong N–H⋯O and N–H⋯N hydrogen bonds, and the HDP molecules are linked into centrosymmetric dimers by another N–H⋯O hydrogen bond. These strong hydrogen bonds link the molecules into layers parallel to the ab-plane and parallel stacking of both DNC and HDP molecules is prominent in the structure. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).

Pressure-dependent phase transitions in hybrid improper ferroelectric Ruddlesden-Popper oxides

The temperature-dependent phase transitions in Ruddlesden-Popper oxides with perovskite bilayers have been under increased scrutiny in recent years due to the so-called hybrid improper ferroelectricity that some chemical compositions exhibit. However, little is currently understood about the hydrostatic pressure dependence of these phase transitions. Herein we present the results of a combined high-pressure powder synchrotron x-ray diffraction experiment and abinitio study on the bilayered Ruddlesden-Popper phases Ca3Mn2O7 and Ca3Ti2O7. In both compounds we observe a first-order phase transition, that in combination with our density functional theory calculations, we can confidently assign as being between polar A21am and nonpolar Acaa structures. Interestingly, we show that while the application of pressure ultimately favors a nonpolar phase, as is commonly observed for proper ferroelectrics, regions of response exist where pressure actually acts to increase the polar mode amplitudes. The reason for this can be untangled by considering the varied response of octahedral tilts and rotations to hydrostatic pressure and their trilinear coupling with the polar instability. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Proposed crystal structure of carbadox, C11H10N4O4

A model for the crystal structure of carbadox has been generated and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Carbadox crystallizes in space group P21 (#4) with a = 13.8155(3), b = 21.4662(1), c = 16.3297(3) Å, β = 110.0931(7)°, V = 4548.10(3) Å3, and Z = 16. The crystal structure is characterized by approximately parallel stacking of the eight independent carbadox molecules parallel to the bc-plane. There are two different molecular configurations of the eight carbadox molecules; five are in the lower-energy configuration and three are in a ~10% higher-energy configuration. This arrangement likely achieves the lowest-energy crystalline packing via hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonds link the molecules both within and between the planes. Each of the amino groups forms a N–H⋯O hydrogen bond to an oxygen atom of the 1,4-dioxidoquinoxaline ring system of another molecule. The result is four pairs of hydrogen-bonded molecules, which form rings with graph set R2,2(14). Variation in specimen preparation can affect the preferred orientation of particles considerably. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).

Crystal structure of indacaterol hydrogen maleate (C24H29N2O3)(HC4H2O4)

The crystal structure of indacaterol hydrogen maleate has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional techniques. Indacaterol hydrogen maleate crystallizes in space group P-1 (#24) with a = 8.86616(9), b = 9.75866(21), c = 16.67848(36) Å, α = 102.6301(10), β = 94.1736(6), γ = 113.2644(2)°, V = 1273.095(7) Å3, and Z = 2 at 295 K. The crystal structure consists of layers of cations and anions parallel to the ab-plane. Traditional N–H⋯O and O–H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the cations and anions into chains along the a-axis. There is a strong intramolecular charge-assisted O–H⋯O hydrogen bond in the non-planar hydrogen maleate anion. There are also two C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the anion and cation. The cation makes a strong N–H⋯O hydrogen bond to the anion, but also acts as a hydrogen bond donor to an aromatic C in another cation. The amino group makes bifurcated N–H⋯O hydrogen bonds, one intramolecular and the other intermolecular. The hydroxyl group acts as a donor to another cation. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).

Crystal structure of ractopamine hydrochloride, C18H24NO3Cl

The crystal structure of ractopamine hydrochloride has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Ractopamine hydrochloride crystallizes in space group Pbca (#61) with a = 38.5871(49), b = 10.7691(3), c = 8.4003(2) Å, V = 3490.75(41) Å3, and Z = 8. The ractopamine cation contains two chiral centers, and the sample consists of a mixture of the S,S/R,R/S,R and R,S forms. Models for the two diastereomers S,S and S,R were refined, and yielded equivalent residuals, but the S,R form is significantly lower in energy. The crystal structure consists of layers of molecules parallel to the bc-plane. In each structure one of the H atoms on the protonated N atom acts as a donor in a strong discrete N–H⋯Cl hydrogen bond. Hydroxyl groups act as donors in O–H⋯Cl and O–H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Both the classical and C–H⋯Cl and C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds differ between the forms, helping to explain the large microstrain observed for the sample. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD® for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).

Dynamic Structural Evolution and Dual Emission Behavior in Hybrid Organic Lead Bromide Perovskites.

The optoelectronic properties of organic lead halide perovskites (OLHPs) strongly depend on their underlying crystal symmetry and dynamics. Here, we exploit temperature-dependent synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction and temperature-dependent photoluminescence to investigate how the subtle structural changes happening in the pure and mixed A-site cation MA1-xFAxPbBr3 (x = 0, 0.5, and 1) systems influences their optoelectronic properties. Diffraction investigations reveal a cubic structure at high temperatures and tetragonal and orthorhombic structures with octahedral distortion at low temperatures. Steady state photoluminescence and time correlated single photon counting study reveals that the dual emission behavior of these OLHPs is due to the direct-indirect band formation. In the orthorhombic phase of MAPbBr3, the indirect band is dominated by self-trapped exciton (STE) emission due to the higher-order lattice distortions of PbBr6 octahedra. Our findings provide a comprehensive explanation of the dual emission behavior of OLHPs while also providing a rationale for previous experimental observations.

Crystal structure of anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid, C15H8O4

The crystal structure of anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid crystallizes in space group P-1 (#2) with a = 3.7942(2), b = 13.266(5), c = 22.835(15) Å, α = 73.355(30), β = 89.486(6), γ = 86.061(1)°, V = 1098.50(7) Å3, and Z = 4. The crystal structure contains two independent molecules of anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid. Although the expected hydrogen-bonded dimers are present, the dimers are not centrosymmetric. The dimer contains one molecule of each planar low-energy conformation. The crystal structure consists of a herringbone array of centrosymmetric pairs of molecules parallel to the bc-plane. The molecules stack along the short a-axis. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD® for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).

Omadacycline dihydrate, C29H40N4O7·2H2O, from X-ray powder diffraction data.

The crystal structure of the title compound {systematic name: (4S,4aS,5aR,12aR)-4,7-bis-(di-methyl-amino)-9-[(2,2-di-methyl-propyl-amino)-meth-yl]-1,10,11,12a-tetra-hydroxy-3,12-dioxo-4a,5,5a,6-tetra-hydro-4H-tetra-cene-2-carb-oxamide dihydrate, C29H40N4O7·2H2O} has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data: it crystallizes in space group R3 with a = 24.34430 (7), c = 14.55212 (4) Å, V = 7468.81 (2) Å3 and Z = 9. Most of the hydrogen bonds are intra-molecular, but two classical N-H⋯O inter-molecular hydrogen bonds (along with probable weak C-H⋯O and C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds) link the mol-ecules into a three-dimensional framework. The framework contains voids, which contain disordered water mol-ecules. Keto-enol tautomerism is apparently important in this mol-ecule, and the exact mol-ecular structure is ambiguous.

Multiscale Length Structural Investigation and Thermoelectric Performance of Double-Filled Sr0.2Yb0.2Co4Sb12: An Exceptional Thermal Conductivity Reduction by Filler Segregation to the Grain Boundaries.

Among thermoelectric materials, skutterudites are the most prominent candidates in the mid-temperature range applications. In the multiple-filled Sr0.2Yb0.2Co4Sb12 skutterudite, with Sr and Yb as fillers, we have enhanced the thermoelectric performance of CoSb3 through the reduction of lattice thermal conductivity and the optimization of carrier concentration and electrical conductivity. The high-pressure synthesis of the double-filled derivative promotes filling fraction fluctuation. This is observed by high angular resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction, showing a phase segregation that corresponds to an inhomogeneous distribution of the filler atoms, located at the 2a positions of the cubic space group Im3̅. In addition, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combined with EELS spectroscopy clearly shows a segregation of Sr atoms from the surface of the grains, which is compatible with the synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction results. Mean square displacement parameters analysis results in Einstein temperatures of ∼94 and ∼67 K for Sr and Yb, respectively, and a Debye temperature of ∼250 K. The strong effect on resonant and disorder scattering yields a significantly lower lattice thermal conductivity of 2.5 W m-1 K-1 at 773 K. Still, good weighed-mobility values were obtained, with high filling fraction of the Yb and Sr elements. This drives a reduced electrical resistivity of 2.1 × 10-5 Ω m, which leads to a peak zT of 0.26 at 773 K. The analysis and results performed for the synthesized (Sr,Yb)-double filled CoSb3, shed light on skutterudites for potential waste-heat recovery applications.

Adsorption of Ar into zeolite Al-MFI (NH4)

The crystal structure of anhydrous Al-MFI (NH4) containing adsorbed Ar has been determined and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data taken at 90 K, and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Six highly occupied Ar sites almost completely fill the pore volume of the zeolite. Changing the gas flow from Ar to He at 90 K decreases the Ar occupancies of all six sites, but two decrease more than the others. Warming the sample from 90 to 295 K in Ar flow results in further decreases in site occupancies, but five of the original six sites persist.

Composition-driven phase coexistence and functional properties of the (1-x)BZT-(x)BCT ceramics near the phase convergence region

The concept of composition-induced phase transformation in Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) at the Morphotropic Phase Boundary (MPB) has been employed to improve functional properties of the (1-x)BZT-(x)BCT ceramic. However, it was observed that the phase diagram of the (1-x)BZT-(x)BCT ceramic is different to the PZT. As a result, the nature of the superior functional properties found in (1-x)BZT-(x)BCT ceramic is unlike PZT and still unclear so far. In this work, functional properties; dielectric, ferroelectric, energy storage, and piezoelectric properties, of the (1-x)BZT-(x)BCT ceramics where x = 0.3 mol% to 0.6 mol% were evaluated at room temperature in comparison to the identification of phase coexistence using synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction (SXPD). This work found that changes of BCT content had a strong impact on the observed coexisting phases and functional properties. Moreover, the composition that showed the highest piezoelectric properties did not present the largest of saturation polarization. This implies that the functional properties of the (1-x)BZT-(x)BCT ceramics are not dependent on the presence of polarizations under the application of electric field. The contribution of non-180° domain switching also plays a vital role, especially in the piezoelectric properties. These findings would help to extend our knowledge of the nature of the (1-x)BZT-(x)BCT ceramic.