Synchronized Switch Damping On Inductor Research Articles

Hybrid Technique for Vibration Control using Synchronized Switch Damping on Inductor Modal Approach and Shape Memory Alloy Integration

Vibration control is a critical aspect of various engineering applications, including automotive and aerospace systems. This research paper presents a novel approach to enhance the performance of the Synchronized Switch Damping on Inductor (SSDI) technique by incorporating Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs). SSDI has proven effective in managing energy dissipation during electronic switching transitions, mitigating voltage spikes and reducing electromagnetic interference. However, the method consumes a substantial amount of energy. In this study, we propose a hybrid approach that combines the benefits of SSDI with the unique properties of SMAs to achieve improved vibration control. The integration of SMAs introduces a semi-passive element to the system, exploiting the inherent properties of these alloys to undergo reversible shape changes in response to external stimuli. By strategically placing SMAs within the vibration-prone components of the system, we aim to harness the mechanical forces generated during shape recovery to counteract and dampen vibrations. This innovative approach aims to capitalize on the efficient energy conversion capabilities of SMAs, thus minimizing the additional energy consumption associated with traditional semi-passive methods. The research involves theoretical modeling and simulation studies to assess the effectiveness of the proposed technique. Preliminary results demonstrate a significant reduction in vibration amplitudes and enhanced damping capabilities, validating the potential of the integrated SSDI-SMA system. The findings of this study not only contribute to advancements in vibration control methodologies but also provide insights into the broader applications of SMA-enhanced semi-passive techniques in improving the overall performance and efficiency of systems.

Semi-active vibration control of the motorized spindle using a self-powered SSDV technique: simulation and experimental study

SSD (synchronized switch damping) is used for vibration control of the motorized spindle based on piezoelectric stack. Moreover, inspired by self-powered SSDI, a self-powered SSDV circuit was designed to overcome the disadvantages of requiring readjusting control parameters and sensor re-positioning of SSDI (synchronized switch damping on inductor) and SSDV (synchronized switch damping on voltage source). A simulation and an experimental were built, and the results show vibration control performance of self-powered SSDV is better than self-powered SSDI and is more flexible and effective than self-powered SSDI by adjusting the DC voltage to adapt to different speeds of the motorized spindle.

Vibroacoustical Performance Analysis of a Rigid Device Casing with Piezoelectric Shunt Damping.

Noise and vibration are common issues that may have a negative impact on human’s’ health. To minimize their consequences, several vibroacoustical methods may be employed. One well-known method is Piezoelectric Shunt Damping (PSD). Over the years, many approaches have been investigated, from passive, state switching circuits to active pulse-switching. In this paper, the authors propose three PSD implementations—passive Synchronized Switch Damping on Inductor (SSDI), semi-active SSDI and active Synchronized Switch Damping on Voltage source (SSDV)—for a single-panel structure mounted on a rigid-frame casing. The nine Macro Fiber Composite (MFC) elements were mounted on the plate based on preliminary simulations in FreeFEM. Then, the theoretical results were validated by an identification experiment. The main research is concentrated on the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) and structural vibrations reduction for selected frequencies. The active method provided the highest reduction of vibration—up to 5.5 dB for maximal possible loudspeaker level without overdrive and up to 7.5 dB for lower excitation levels.

Dual-Connected Synchronized Switch Damping for Vibration Control of Bladed Disks in Aero-Engines

An enhanced SSDI (synchronized switch damping on inductor) approach is proposed to suppress the vibration of bladed disks in aero-engines. Different from the authors’ former work (MSSP, 2017; JIMSS, 2018) where a local SSDI circuit is shunted to the piezoelectric materials at each blade sector, in this work two blade sectors are interconnected by a shared SSDI circuit. In this way, the switching action of SSDI is triggered by the relative displacement between two blade sectors. The feasibility of the dual-connected SSDI is numerically examined by a 2-DOF (degree-of-freedom) mechanical system, and further experimentally validated on a single-beam and a double-beam system. Results show that the damping performance increases with the amplitude of relative displacement. This feature is especially favorable for the application of blisks where the blade normally vibrates in different amplitudes and phases. Eventually, we conduct numerical simulation on the forced response of mistuned bladed disk undergoing travelling wave excitation. Results show that the dual-connected configuration can reduce at least half the number of switching shunts while maintain nearly the same performance as the conventional (local) SSDI.

Electron–phonon metamaterial featuring nonlinear tri-interleaved piezoelectric topologies and its application in low-frequency vibration control

This article proposes a nonlinear tri-interleaved piezoelectric topology based on the synchronized switch damping on inductor (SSDI) technique, which can be applied to phononic metamaterials for elastic wave control and effective low-frequency vibration reduction. A comparison of the attenuation performance is made between piezoelectric phononic metamaterial with distributed SSDI topology (each SSDI shunt being independently connected to a single piezoelectric element) and piezoelectric phononic metamaterial with the proposed electronic topology. Theoretical results show excellent band gap hybridization (near-coupling between Bragg scattering mechanism and wideband resonance mechanism induced by synchronized switch damping networks in piezoelectric phononic metamaterials) with the proposed electronic topology over the investigated frequency domain. Furthermore, piezoelectric phononic metamaterials with proposed electronic topology generated a better low-frequency broadband gap, which is experimentally validated by measuring the harmonic response of a piezoelectric phononic metamaterial beam under clamped–clamped boundary conditions.

Electromechanical semi-passive nonlinear tuned mass damper for efficient vibration damping

Vibrations often lead to fatigue or damage which is harmful to structures. In order to efficiently limit such vibrations, Tuned Mass Dampers (TMD) have been investigated since the last century. In this study, a new concept for TMD design is proposed, which combines an electromechanical TMD featuring piezoelectric elements with the nonlinear Synchronized Switch Damping on Inductor (SSDI) semi-passive technique. The proposed electromechanical semi-passive nonlinear TMD includes a switching circuit connected in parallel to the piezoelectric element which is periodically turned on for a brief time period in order to quickly invert the piezovoltage. Theoretical investigations using a Two-Degree of Freedom (TDOF) model and Finite Element (FE) approach, validated through experimental measurements, demonstrated that the proposed electromechanical semi-passive nonlinear TMD significantly outperforms purely mechanical TMDs and electromechanical passive TMDs with same dynamical parameters, allowing to further improve the control performance of such techniques.

Energy Dissipation of Synchronized Switch Damping with Piezoceramics Using Negative Capacitance

This publication presents a novel piezoelectric shunt damping circuit. It consists of a negative capacitance in parallel to a synchronized switch damping on inductor (SSDI) branch. This combination utilizes the increased piezoelectric coupling due to the negative capacitance together with the adaptive ability of the SSDI technique. This novel circuit is theoretically modelled using non-dimensional parameters, and optimum network parameters and the corresponding maximum damping is obtained. The increase in damping performance due to the negative capacitance is clearly highlighted. Theoretically, the energy dissipation can be increased unlimited when tuning the system at the stability boundary, given the system would still be excited to vibrations. However, due to imperfections and practical realization using operational amplifiers the increase is limited.

An ASIC-Based Vibration Damping System

We propose an application-specified integrated circuit (ASIC)-based vibration damping system implementing a semiactive controlling method called synchronized switch damping on inductor (SSDI). The ASIC integrates high-voltage switches and diodes for an “energy-extracting” passive LC shunt circuit and a controlling part for synchronous voltage inversion on the piezoelectric transducer. The controlling part has two channels, each including a range-adaptive voltage divider with protection and a peak detector with switch-control output. The system has been tested with both cantilever beam and three-side-clamped-plate structures. Cantilever beam testing shows a 15 dB damping in forced harmonic regime and a fivefold damping rate in pulsed-excitation transient response. For the three-side-clamped-plate case, wideband SSDI damping effects are observed. The damping efficiency for each mode depends on the electromechanical coupling factor and the mapping of the piezoelectric-insert damping zones. It also depends on the excitation level, and begins to increase rapidly with vibration magnitude when the piezoelectric transducer's voltage peaks exceed a certain threshold voltage (~ 0.5 V for the system).

Energy Harvesting Using an Analog Circuit under Multimodal Vibration

The efficiency of harvesting energy from a vibrating structure using a piezoelectric transducer and a simple analog circuit is investigated experimentally. This analog circuit was originally invented for a synchronized switch damping on inductor (SSDI) technique, which enhances the damping of mechanical vibration. In this study, the circuit is used to implement a synchronized switch harvesting on inductor (SSHI) technique. A multiple degree of freedom (MDOF) structure is excited by single sinusoidal forces at its resonant frequencies and by random forces. The piezoelectric transducer converts this mechanical energy into electrical energy which is harvested using a standard rectifier bridge circuit with and without our analog circuit. Experimental results show that our analog circuit makes it possible to harvest twice as much energy under both single sinusoidal and random vibration excitations.

Reliable and Evolvable Vibration Suppression by Self-Powered Digital Vibration Control

A reliable and evolvable vibration suppression technique using a digital processor powered by energy harvested from a piezoelectric element was developed and investigated. This technique, called a self-powered digital vibration control, benefits from both the sophisticated control logic of the digital processor and a reliable self-powered semiactive element. A system embodying this technique consists of a circuit outline, CPU, and DC/DC converter. Two experiments emulating the synchronized switch damping on inductor (SSDI) technique demonstrated its effectiveness for steady inputs as well as transient ones.

Enhanced switching law for synchronized switch damping on inductor with bimodal excitation

Piezoelectric shunt damping is an emerging field of research. In recent years, a multitude of different electrical circuits have been developed aiming to increase the damping performance and robustness. Synchronized switch damping on inductor (SSDI) is a semi-active control technique that utilizes a passive inductance to build-up a voltage on the piezoceramics that is synchronized with the mechanical vibration. For a single mode excitation the voltage inversion should occur at the moments of maximum deformation, but for multimodal vibrations such a switching law may not be optimal. In this paper a novel switching law for bimodal vibrations is presented using a modal observer. An enhanced voltage build-up is generated by utilizing the vibration energy of the second mode. The amplification of dissipated energy is calculated in an analytical way using normalized parameters, yielding a general result which includes the influence of the frequency and amplitude ratio of the excitation signal. Measurements on a clamped beam test rig are conducted in order to validate the proposed method. An increase of nearly 350 percent in energy dissipation compared to the classical SSDI has been achieved. Furthermore, the increase in energy dissipation is higher than for a previously suggested, comparable switching law.

The influence of switching phase and frequency of voltage on the vibration damping effectin a piezoelectric actuator

In a structural system with piezoelectric actuators, a damping effect can be achieved byproperly switching the voltage on the actuators. Switched voltage methods based onpiezoelectric actuators, including active bang–bang control and semi-active synchronizedswitch damping methods, have become an important category of vibration dampingapproach. Since the switching phase and switching frequency are critical factors todamping performance, their influence on converted energy in a piezoelectric actuatoris investigated under the condition that the switched voltage is constant. Theconverted energy with randomly switched voltage is also investigated theoretically andnumerically. Finally an example of beam vibration with synchronized switch dampingon inductor (SSDI) control and synchronized switch damping on voltage source(SSDV) control is used to illustrate how the switching frequency can affect thecontrol performance of different modes in a multiple-degree-of-freedom system.

Structural vibration control by synchronized switch damping energy transfer

The synchronized switch damping (SSD) technique has been demonstrated as an efficient means of suppressing structure vibrations. This paper presents a novel SSD technique based on an energy transfer (SSDET) scheme that transmits energy from an energy-source structure to a target structure in order to damp the latter. As a matter of fact, the transferred energy enhanced the synchronized switch damping on inductor (SSDI) with an initial current, thus leading to a better vibration control capability. The experiment, performed on a beam/plate system, succeeded in delivering an enhanced damping effect as compared to the SSDI technique by adopting the proposed control law. Comparisons between simulation and experiment also confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed mathematical model. The stability was discussed in order to determine the stability limit.

A low-power circuit for piezoelectric vibration control by synchronized switching on voltage sources

In the paper, a vibration damping system powered by harvested energy with implementation of the so-called SSDV (synchronized switch damping on voltage source) technique is designed and investigated. In the semi-passive approach, the piezoelectric element is intermittently switched from open-circuit to specific impedance synchronously with the structural vibration. Due to this switching procedure, a phase difference appears between the strain induced by vibration and the resulting voltage, thus creating energy dissipation. By supplying the energy collected from the piezoelectric materials to the switching circuit, a new low-power device using the SSDV technique is proposed. Compared with the original self-powered SSDI (synchronized switch damping on inductor), such a device can significantly improve its performance of vibration control. Its effectiveness in the single-mode resonant damping of a composite beam is validated by the experimental results.

Two-mode vibration control of a beam using nonlinear synchronized switching damping based on the maximization of converted energy

In this paper, a new switch control strategy based on an energy threshold is proposed for the synchronized switch damping techniques in multimode control. This strategy is derived from the total converted energy of a synchronized switch damping (SSD) system in a given time window. Using the new strategy the voltage is inverted only at those extrema where the effective distance, which is proportional to the converted energy between two neighboring extrema, exceeds the threshold. The new switch control strategy is used in both the synchronized switch damping on inductor (SSDI) technique and the synchronized switch damping on voltage source (SSDV) technique, which are applied to the two-mode control of a composite beam. Their control performances are compared with those of the single-mode control and those of classical SSDI and SSDV techniques in two-mode control. The experimental results show that voltage inversion is prevented at some of the displacement extrema to increase the total converted energy, and exhibit better global damping effect than classical SSDI and classical SSDV, respectively. In single mode, the best control performance is achieved when the voltage is inverted at every extremum. But in multimodal control, the total converted energy in a given time window is increased and the control performance is improved when some extrema are skipped.

Analytical and experimental investigation of the frequency ratio and switching law forpiezoelectric switching techniques

Piezoelectric shunt damping with mechanical structures has been an active researchtopic for several years. Standard passive techniques suffer from a very limitedand frequency-dependent damping performance. Recently, semi-active switchingtechniques—namely SSDI (synchronized switch damping on inductor) and SSDV(synchronized switch damping on voltage source) techniques—have been proposed, whichare capable of adapting to variations of the excitation frequency without reduction inperformance. Crucial for the damping performance is the tuning of the shunt parametersand the precise switching sequence.In this paper, an analytical analysis of the switching technique is presented, which includesthe influence of all shunt parameters and the switching times. New results concerning theoptimal tuning of the inductance and the switching sequence are obtained, and it is shownthat the enhanced SSDV technique can be equated with the SSDI technique, albeit with anincreased effective piezoelectric force factor. Measurements are conducted to validate thetheoretical results.

Towards Smart Vibration Control for Printed Circuit Boards

This article is focused on the problem of vibration control for Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs). The proposed control is based on a semi-passive technique called Synchronized Switch Damping on Inductor (SSDI). Implementation of this technique requires PZT inserts and only a few electronic components. Since no external source provides electrical energy to the inserts, a relatively important electromechanical coupling factor is needed to get significant vibration damping. Moreover, the PCB surface that can be covered by the PZT inserts is restricted, limiting the global coupling factor. Optimal location and geometry of the active material are determined according to these constraints using Finite Element Modelling (FEM) of the structure. Experimental results exhibit 15 dB and 10 dB attenuations for the first and the third bending modes respectively. These results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. Transient vibration decay is more than 4 times faster. These promising results show that the SSDI technique provides effective protection of PCBs against shocks and vibrations, while the system is lighter than active controls and more robust than passive controls.

Finite Element and Simple Lumped Modeling for Flexural Nonlinear Semi-passive Damping

This article deals with the synchronized switch damping on inductor (SSDI) technique, a semi-passive approach that was developed to address the problem of structural vibration damping. This technique takes advantage of original nonlinear processing of the voltage generated by piezoelements. This processing is based on simple commutations. It has the advantage of a very low power requirement as well as simple electronic design. It has the advantages of a large bandwidth as well as being a stand-alone system using vibration as a source of energy. This article proposes a new approach to analyzing the energy flow in a structure damped with this particular technique. A predictive simple lumped model is developed starting from a global energetic analysis of the electromechanical structure. This model is determined using physical and geometrical properties of the electromechanical structure and does not require any experimental measurements. It exhibits very good agreement with finite element model (FEM) simulations and is more than 100 times faster. As this model is fully predictive and requires very low computing time, it is a great tool to design piezoelectric vibration control devices.