Symptoms Of Damage Research Articles

Энтеровирусные неполиомиелитные инфекции у госпитализированных взрослых Краснодарского края

Objective. Characteristics of non-polio enteroviruses in outpatients in the Krasnodar. Materials and methods. The analysis of the incidence of non-polio enteroviruses in 2006–2022 was carried out in Krasnodar. The clinical course of verified non-polio enteroviruses is characterized based on the materials of a retrospective analysis of the medical stories of 157 outpatients. Results. Non-polio enteroviruses in the Krasnodar are constantly recorded in the form of sporadic morbidity with fluctuations from 0.12 to 11.26 per 100,000 population, mainly in toddlers, more often in the summer and autumn. Enterovirus meningitis prevailed in the clinical forms in the first ten years of follow-up, and in the last seven years – small forms of non-polio enteroviruses. Among adult outpatients with a moderate course of the disease predominate (98.2%), more often in the form of serous meningitis (50.9%) and exanthema of the oral mucosa and extremities (40.1%), less often acute respiratory disease (8,9%). Pathognomonic symptoms are not typical for non-polio enteroviruses. The main clinical signs of non-polio enteroviruses infection in all clinical forms are short-term febrile fever, malaise and weakness, symptoms of upper respiratory tract damage, absolute monocytosis, eosinopenia, lymphopenia, increased levels of C RP, as well as clinical and laboratory signs of serous meningitis in meningeal form and typical exanthem in "exanthem of the oral mucosa and extremities". Laboratory diagnostics should include tests to verify non-polio enteroviruses, as well as differential diagnostic studies to exclude clinically similar diseases that may involve etiotropic treatment with drugs of direct action on pathogens. The lack of approved antiviral drugs and the complexity of diagnosis lead to the inclusion of antimicrobial, broad-spectrum antiviral drugs, pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy in the treatment complex. Key words: non-polio enteroviruses, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment

Acute and Reversible Hypothalamic Symptoms in a Lateral Head Impact Mouse Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Central autonomic and endocrine dysfunctions following traumatic brain injury (TBI) are believed to involve the hypothalamus; however, underlying mechanisms are unknown. Although chronic deficits might be caused by irreversible tissue damage, various neuroendocrine and autonomic symptoms are only observed transiently, suggesting they might result from a temporary alteration in the activity of hypothalamic neurons. We therefore examined if a mouse model of mild TBI could induce reversible autonomic phenotypes and cause acute changes in c-Fos expression within corresponding regions of the hypothalamus. Adult C57Bl/6 male mice were lightly anesthetized with isoflurane and subjected to TBI by lateral head impact using a Gothenburg impactor. Mice treated the same way, but without the head impact served as controls (shams). We monitored body weight and core body temperature by infrared thermography and performed immunohistochemistry against c-Fos in various regions of the hypothalamus. We determined that a projectile velocity of 9 m/s significantly delayed recovery from the anesthesia without inducing skull fractures and signs of discomfort disappeared within 3 h, as assessed by grimace scale. Compared with shams, TBI mice displayed a rapid decrease in core body temperature which resolved within 48 h. Daily body weight gain was also significantly lower in TBI mice on the day following injury but recovered thereafter. c-Fos analysis revealed a significantly higher density of c-Fos-positive cells in the paraventricular nucleus and a significantly lower density in the median preoptic nucleus and medial preoptic area. We conclude that mild TBI induced by a single lateral head impact in mice at 9 m/s produces acute and reversible symptoms associated with hypothalamic dysfunction accompanied by significant changes in c-Fos expression within relevant areas of the hypothalamus. These findings support the hypothesis that a temporary alteration of neuronal activity may underlie the expression of reversible central autonomic and neuroendocrine symptoms.

PHYTOPATHOGENIC WALNUT COMPLEX IN WESTERN FOREST STEPPE OF UKRAINE

A study on the phytopathogenic complex of walnut in the western forest-steppe of Ukraine is presented. Route and sample surveys were carried out during 2020-2023 on the basis of UkrNDSKR IZR (Ukrainian Plant Quarantine Research Station of the Institute of Plant Protection, 7 ha) and village Zvenyachyn, SE "DG PDSS IS" (State Enterprise Experimental Farm of the Transnistrian Research Station of Horticulture of the Institute of Horticulture). During the study, 13 species of fungi were found, of which 6 species belong to the Ascomycota department: Ophiognomonia leptostyla (Fr.) Sogonov (Marssonina juglandis (Lieh.) Magn., Melanconium juglandinum Kunze, Cytospora juglandina Sacc., Nectria cinnabarina (Tode ex Fr. ) (Tubercularia vulgaris Tode), Septoria epicarpii Thüm., Phyllosticta juglandis Sacc. - 7 species: Microstroma juglandis Sacc., Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.) Bond. et Sing., Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq .ex Fr.) Ganoderma applanatum Pat., Chondrostereum Purpureum Pers.; 1 type of bacteriosis belonging to the department of Xanthomonas arboricola pv , shoots, branches, trunks, fruits. A laboratory study of plant material with various symptoms of damage showed the predominance of phytopathogenic fungi: Marssonina juglandis (Lieh.) Magn., Phyllosticta juglandis Sacc.; Microstroma juglandis Sacc. and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis Sacc. The most common and dangerous walnut diseases in the examined territories were: Marssonina juglandis (Lieh.) Magn. and Xanthomonas arboricola pv.. juglandis Key words: walnut, phytopathogenic complex, pathogens, distribution

Редкая причина одностороннего паралича гортани

A clinical case of unilateral paralysis of the larynx due to the Collet — Sicard Syndrome is described. A patient with hoarseness due to paresis of the left half of the larynx of unknown origin underwent a comprehensive examination: CT scan of the neck, chest, MRI of the brain, ultrasound examination of the brachiocephalic arteries, consultation with a neurologist. Paresis of the left half of the larynx, left deviation of the tongue and uvula to the right, paresis of the left trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscle, a decrease in the volume of the left half of the tongue with single fasciculations were diagnosed. Symptoms of damage to the IX, X, XI, and XII cranial nerves on the left were revealed, which corresponds to the syndrome of damage to the nerves of the caudal group in the jugular foramen. The disease arose against the background of acute bronchopneumonia. Treatment and phonopedic rehabilitation were carried out. During therapy, a complete restoration of the vocal cord palsy and the disappearance of neurological symptoms were noted. Timely diagnosis and proper treatment of a patient with Collet — Sicard Syndrome demonstrates good functional results.

The impact of burn injury on the central nervous system.

Burn injuries can be devastating, with life-long impacts including an increased risk of hospitalization for a wide range of secondary morbidities. One area that remains not fully understood is the impact of burn trauma on the central nervous system (CNS). This review will outline the current findings on the physiological impact that burns have on the CNS and how this may contribute to the development of neural comorbidities including mental health conditions. This review highlights the damaging effects caused by burn injuries on the CNS, characterized by changes to metabolism, molecular damage to cells and their organelles, and disturbance to sensory, motor and cognitive functions in the CNS. This damage is likely initiated by the inflammatory response that accompanies burn injury, and it is often long-lasting. Treatments used to relieve the symptoms of damage to the CNS due to burn injury often target inflammatory pathways. However, there are non-invasive treatments for burn patients that target the functional and cognitive damage caused by the burn, including transcranial magnetic stimulation and virtual reality. Future research should focus on understanding the mechanisms that underpin the impact of a burn injury on the CNS, burn severity thresholds required to inflict damage to the CNS, and acute and long-term therapies to ameliorate deleterious CNS changes after a burn.

TARGETED IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: A CLINICAL CASE

Relevance: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the liver. HCC is one of the most important problems of the oncology service of Kazakhstan, as it has a progressive course, late detection, low survival, and unfavorable prognosis.
 The study aimed to evaluate the use of targeted immunotherapy in treating hepatocellular carcinoma in a clinical example.
 Methods: The paper presents a clinical case of targeted immunotherapy in combination with Atezolizumab 1200 mg + Bevacizumab 800 mg, once every 3 weeks, in treating HCC in the Regional Oncology Center in Kyzylorda.
 Results: The first symptoms of liver damage appeared in 2018, at which time HCC was discovered. Viral hepatitis B was diagnosed in 2016. MRI OBP from 15.08.20: a picture of the right lobe of the liver in S5 – 9×7×6 cm, in S3 – 3.7 cm, in S7 – 3.0 cm, in S8 – 2.5 cm. During the follow-up examination (July 2021), the enzyme immunoassay revealed a high angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) level of 450.56 IU/ml; the abdominal CT scan showed no deterioration. Later, despite the therapy, ACE increased rapidly: 2,595.3 IU/ml (August 2021) and 2,142.25 IU/ml (September 2021), and the therapy was changed to Regorafenib. ACE continued to rise to 4,405 IU/ml (November 2021) and 18,005 IU/ml (December 2021). A control abdominal CT scan showed a moderate reduction in the size of the tumor.
 Taking into account a steady ACE increase, in February 2022, the patient was recommended therapy with Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab. In January 2023, the patient has already received 13 courses, and ACE continued to decrease: 1,932 IU/ml (January 2023), 53.38 IU/ml (February 2023), 16.07 IU/ml (March 2023), and the abdominal CT scan showed positive dynamics.
 Conclusion: Targeted immunotherapy showed its effectiveness in the described case of inoperable HCC and allowed the patient to continue living, working, and leading an active lifestyle for more than 18 months.

TARGETED IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA:
 A CLINICAL CASE

Relevance: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the liver. HCC is one of the most important problems
 of the oncology service of Kazakhstan, as it has a progressive course, late detection, low survival, and unfavorable prognosis.
 The study aimed to evaluate the use of targeted immunotherapy in treating hepatocellular carcinoma in a clinical example.
 Methods: The paper presents a clinical case of targeted immunotherapy in combination with Atezolizumab 1200 mg + Bevacizumab 800 mg,
 once every 3 weeks, in treating HCC in the Regional Oncology Center in Kyzylorda.
 Results: The first symptoms of liver damage appeared in 2018, at which time HCC was discovered. Viral hepatitis B was diagnosed in 2016.
 MRI OBP from 15.08.20: a picture of the right lobe of the liver in S5 – 9×7×6 cm, in S3 – 3.7 cm, in S7 – 3.0 cm, in S8 – 2.5 cm. During the follow-up
 examination (July 2021), the enzyme immunoassay revealed a high angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) level of 450.56 IU/ml; the abdominal CT
 scan showed no deterioration. Later, despite the therapy, ACE increased rapidly: 2,595.3 IU/ml (August 2021) and 2,142.25 IU/ml (September 2021),
 and the therapy was changed to Regorafenib. ACE continued to rise to 4,405 IU/ml (November 2021) and 18,005 IU/ml (December 2021). A control
 abdominal CT scan showed a moderate reduction in the size of the tumor.
 Taking into account a steady ACE increase, in February 2022, the patient was recommended therapy with Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab. In
 January 2023, the patient has already received 13 courses, and ACE continued to decrease: 1,932 IU/ml (January 2023), 53.38 IU/ml (February
 2023), 16.07 IU/ml (March 2023), and the abdominal CT scan showed positive dynamics.
 Conclusion: Targeted immunotherapy showed its effectiveness in the described case of inoperable HCC and allowed the patient to continue
 living, working, and leading an active lifestyle for more than 18 months.

Ensuring the safety of citizens by rescuers/police officers in case of a chemical attack (accident at a chemical enterprise) in the conditions of marital law

The work deals with the urgent problem of ensuring the safety of life of the population in the conditions of martial law, introduced in Ukraine – providing premedical assistance to victims of a chemical attack (as a result of the action of dangerous factors of a man-made accident at a specialized chemical enterprise).
 The potential possibilities of means of defeating the units of the chemical forces of the aggressor state are analyzed, the cases of the use of chemical weapons by the occupiers in relation to both the units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the civilian population during the war in Ukraine, as well as the real situations of destroyed chemical plants in many regions of the country, are described and summarized.
 On the basis of the analysis of operational publications in the Internet and scientific works of a great number of scientists, the general algorithm of rescue actions during the evacuation of victims of a chemical attack/accident (workers/residents) was considered, modern approaches in the order of providing premedical aid both at chemical enterprises and at home conditions when people are injured by the most common chemical substances were clarified, recommendations concerning compliance by police officers with established rules of conduct at the scene of the incident are offered.
 The main signs that characterize the beginning of a chemical attack in the conditions of martial law and allow the population to identify it quickly are given: 1) chemical alarm signals; 2) features of air raids or enemy artillery fire; 3) simultaneous mass death of small animals, birds and insects.
 The peculiarities of the effect on the human body of such substances as chlorine, ammonia, hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric acid), nitrogen (nitrogen N), nitric acid, oxide (dioxin) of nitrogen, for each of which characteristic symptoms of damage for the victim are determined, the procedure for providing premedical aid to victims in case of damage by them, as well as under the influence of chemical weapons (sarin, phosgene) has been specified.
 Based on the analysis of special literature and the results of the conducted research, a generalization was made regarding the importance of training the population in effective (and therefore safe) actions in the event of a chemical attack by the military units of the aggressor state (a man-made accident at chemical enterprises), the need to observe the established rules of conduct and safety measures in the case of a missile/artillery attack by the occupiers, regardless of the region or territory of fighting actions in Ukraine

A High Incidence of Perineal Post-Related Complications After Hip Arthroscopy Is Self-Reported by Patients in Anonymous Online Forums

PurposeTo evaluate online, self-reported pudendal nerve or perineal injuries related to the use of a perineal post during hip arthroscopy. MethodsPublic posts on Reddit and the Health Organization for Pudendal Education were searched to identify anonymous individuals reporting symptoms of pudendal nerve or perineal injury following hip arthroscopy. Included posts were by any individual with a self-reported history of hip arthroscopy who developed symptoms of pudendal nerve injury or damage to the perineal soft tissues. Demographic information and details about a person’s symptoms and concerns were collected from each post. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. ResultsTwenty-three online posts reported on a perineal post-related complication following hip arthroscopy. Gender information was available in 16 (70%) posts (8 male, 8 female). Twenty-two posts reported a sensory injury, and four posts reported a motor injury with sexual consequences (sexual dysfunction, dyspareunia, impotence). Symptom duration was available in 15 (65%) posts (8 temporary, 7 permanent). Permanent symptoms included paresthesia of the perineum or genitals (7) and sexual complaints (5). Two posts stated they were counseled preoperatively about the possibility of this injury. Zero patients reported that a postless hip arthroscopy alternative was an option made available to them before surgery. ConclusionA high incidence of permanent pudendal nerve, perineal skin, and genitourinary/sexual complications are self-reported and discussed online by patients who have undergone post-assisted hip arthroscopy. These patients report being uninformed and undereducated about the possibility of sustaining a post-related complication. No patient reported being informed of postless hip arthroscopy pre-operatively. Clinical RelevanceIdentifying and evaluating self-reported patient information in online medical forums can provide important information about patient experiences and outcomes. Level of EvidenceLevel IV Cross-Sectional/Observational.

Protective Effects of Sanyar Prebiotic on Immunity and Tissue Changes of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Exposed to CuSO4 Stress

Prebiotics, as feed additives, can activate the antioxidant and immune systems of fish and significantly improve the survival of aquaculture animals in stressful conditions. The exposure of fish to copper sulfate leads to oxidative stress, suppression of the immune system, and destruction of vital body tissues. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Sanyar prebiotic on the immunity and tissue changes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to CuSO4 stress. Two hundred common carp fish with an average weight of 12.33 ± 0.93 g were stocked in four treatments (triplicates) for 60 days. The experimental treatments contained Sanyar commercial prebiotics in 100 g of food, which included P1 (1 ml prebiotic liquid), P2 (0.1 g prebiotic powder), P3 (0.5 ml liquid and 0.05 g powder), and treatment C (control treatment without any additives). At the end of the experimental period, the fish were exposed to acute toxicity of Cu (0.1 m/l) for 96 hours. Gill, kidney, and liver tissue samples were collected and evaluated after 96 hours. According to the results obtained, there were significant differences in specific growth rate (SGR) and final weight ( p < 0.05). The lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed in the Sanyar treatments (1.56 ± 0.37), which had a significant difference from the control treatment (1.85 ± 0.35) ( p < 0.05). The results showed that immunity indices such as lysozyme, cortisol, and ACH50 increased in the experimental treatments compared to the control treatment ( p < 0.05). The highest and lowest lysozyme activities were observed in P2 (16.35 ± 0.57) and control treatments (13.15 ± 1.00), respectively ( p < 0.05). Generally, no significant difference was observed between growth and nutrition indices in Sanyar treatments ( p < 0.05). Symptoms of kidney, liver, and gill tissue damage were reported from mild (hyperemia and infiltration of inflammatory cells) to severe (hemorrhage and necrosis). The lowest severity of tissue damage was observed in the treatments fed with Sanyar food supplement. In general, the results of this study showed that the addition of Sanyar prebiotic to the diet of common carp improves the growth indicators and immune response and can also be beneficial in increasing fish resistance to copper toxicity.

Протеомный профиль слезы в диагностике поражения глаз при ревматических заболеваниях у детей

Purpuse. Evaluation of the proteomic tears profile in children with uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis in relation to the search for pathognomonic markers of this pathology. Material and methods. The study included 29 children aged 2 to 17 years. 17 patients had active uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, 2 – juvenile idiopathic arthritis without uveitis, 3 – systemic vasculitis, 4 – idiopathic uveitis, 3 – healthy children. The evaluation of the qualitative and quantitative composition of proteins in tears in children from the presented groups was carried out. Results. The study showed the possibility of early diagnosis of uveitis, associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, using the proteomomic profile of tears. Lactotransferin is one of the key proteins that allows it’s identification. It can be considered the most likely biomarker thanks to which it is possible to recognize the etiology of uveitis even before the appearance of clinical symptoms of joint damage. This will allow us to start adequate therapy, which can save young patients from deep disability in the future. Key words: early diagnosis of uveitis, biomarkers of tears, proteomic profile, juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Difficulties in myocarditis diagnosis: a case report

Myocarditis is often difficult to diagnose. The diagnostic difficulties include nonspecific symptoms or a “vague” clinical picture, absence of pathognomonic signs during physical examination, and endomyocardial biopsy, which is the “gold standard” of diagnosis of myocarditis, being an invasive procedure that is performed under strict indications in certain patients. Nevertheless, as radiology is rapidly developing, clinicians are now able to noninvasively diagnose symptoms of inflammatory myocardial damage, including edema and myocardial fibrosis, using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. This article presents the clinical case of a young patient with symptoms of acute coronary syndrome, who showed no evidence of coronary artery disease. Myocarditis was suspected because of increased activity of cardiospecific enzymes and high levels of inflammatory markers, pronounced electrocardiography changes with positive dynamics, and recent infection. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to confirm myocarditis diagnosis. Thus, this case study demonstrates the role of imaging techniques in the differential diagnosis of ischemic and inflammatory heart diseases.

Development and Assessment of a New Oral Selenium Fast-disintegrating Tablets

Selenium is an essential trace element and its deficiency causes myositis, myocardial damage, and other symptoms. Patients receiving long-term intravenous nutrition or tube-feeding in particular are deficient in essential trace elements, including selenium, and require regular supplementation. In Japan, injectable selenium-containing products are listed on the National Health Insurance drug price list, and oral solutions are prepared and used in hospitals. However, these formulations have problems related to preservation and require complicated administration procedures. In this study, we developed a new fast-disintegrating tablet formulation of selenium, using SmartEx® (D-mannitol·low substituted hydroxypropylcellulose (L-HPC)·fully hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) mixture) as a coprocessing additive, that can be administered orally or by feeding tube. The tablet formulation had excellent disintegrable capability, sufficient hardness, and did not cause tube blockage when administered in the simple suspension method. In addition, the tablet formulation showed no changes in properties in an accelerated test without packaging for 42 d, indicating that it could be stored for a long period. Fast-disintegrating tablets prepared with SmartEx® are expected to improve the adherence and quality of life of patients who require selenium supplementation.

Safety and feasibility of locoregional platelet-rich plasma injection for iliopsoas impingement after total hip arthroplasty: A phase 1 prospective observational study

IntroductionAlthough numerous studies have reported outcomes with various conservative approaches for the iliopsoas impingement after total hip arthroplasty (THA), reports on the use of locoregional autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) injections for the iliopsoas impingement after THA are lacking. This phase 1 study therefore aimed to investigate the safety and feasibility of locoregional PRP injection for iliopsoas impingement after THA. Materials and methodsPatients diagnosed with iliopsoas impingement after THA who met the criteria for participation (symptoms persisting for more than 3 months, aged 20 years or older, and unable to receive non-steroidal analgesic or anti-inflammatory drugs) were eligible to participate in this clinical study. The primary endpoint was observed adverse events including procedure-related pain, and the secondary endpoints included pain and functionality of the hip joint, that were assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index, Japanese Hip Disease Evaluation Questionnaire, and Forgotten Joint Score-12. ResultsThree patients were screened for eligibility, and 3 patients were finally included in this study. Two participants (patients 1 and 2; aged 66 and 65 years, respectively) were female. The third participant (patient 3; age 73 years) was male. All patients experienced adverse events; however, none were found to be serious. None of the patients experienced any infections, or intra- or post-operative symptoms of nerve damage, or subcutaneous haemorrhage owing to the administration of locoregional PRP. Although patient 2 showed almost complete resolution of the symptom, patient 1 and 3 demonstrated persistent groin pain after the injection. ConclusionWe demonstrated the results of preliminary phase 1 prospective observational clinical study that administration of locoregional PRP injections for iliopsoas impingement following THA is both, safe and feasible.

Lichen Biodiversity and Near-Infrared Metabolomic Fingerprint as Diagnostic and Prognostic Complementary Tools for Biomonitoring: A Case Study in the Eastern Iberian Peninsula.

In the 1990s, a sampling network for the biomonitoring of forests using epiphytic lichen diversity was established in the eastern Iberian Peninsula. This area registered air pollution impacts by winds from the Andorra thermal power plant, as well as from photo-oxidants and nitrogen depositions from local and long-distance transport. In 1997, an assessment of the state of lichen communities was carried out by calculating the Index of Atmospheric Purity. In addition, visible symptoms of morphological injury were recorded in nine macrolichens pre-selected by the speed of symptom evolution and their wide distribution in the territory. The thermal power plant has been closed and inactive since 2020. During 2022, almost 25 years later, seven stations of this previously established biomonitoring were revaluated. To compare the results obtained in 1997 and 2022, the same methodology was used, and data from air quality stations were included. We tested if, by integrating innovative methodologies (NIRS) into biomonitoring tools, it is possible to render an integrated response. The results displayed a general decrease in biodiversity in several of the sampling plots and a generalised increase in damage symptoms in the target lichen species studied in 1997, which seem to be the consequence of a multifactorial response.

Application of Fuzzy Inference System Takagi-Sugeno Methods for Diagnosis of Diseases and Pests of Madura Paddy Rice Based on Symptoms

Diseases and pests of lowland rice are one of the factors that can cause a decrease in rice yields. Therefore, it is necessary to have a diagnostic system to identify diseases and pests of paddy rice from an early age based on damage symptoms. The process of diagnosis requires expertise, knowledge, and experience from experts. Therefore, this research tries to build an expert system that can diagnose diseases and pests of paddy rice early by applying the Fuzzy Inference System Takagi with the Sugeno method. Fuzzy Inference System Takagi forms fuzzy sets using implication functions (rules). Rule composition is obtained from a data set of relationships between regulations, where the affirmation (defuzzification) and input from defuzzification is a constant or linear equation. The Sugeno method is used to diagnose diseases and pests of rice plants based on the symptoms experienced. This research aims to help plant pest control officers diagnose diseases and pests of paddy rice plants from the symptoms that attack the rice. The testing technique used is system accuracy testing and Mean Opinion Score (MOS) testing. The MOS test was carried out by involving 30 respondents consisting of 10 farmers and 20 extension workers, where 4.27 was obtained on a scale of 5 which was categorized into a good system. while testing the accuracy obtained from testing the system on two experts on diseases and pests of Madura paddy rice plants in 30 different cases has resulted in an accuracy rate of 86.66%. The expert system built in this study was able to diagnose 13 diseases and pests of Madura paddy based on the knowledge of two experts on 38 symptoms, and the plan was feasible to use and categorized into a good system.

Invasion of fall armyworm, (Spodoptera frugiperda, J E Smith) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) on onion in the maize–onion crop sequence from Maharashtra, India

IntroductionClimate change affects geographical distribution of insect pests which poses threats to the environment, as well as agricultural productivity and production worldwide. Spodoptera frugiperda is commonly known as fall armyworm (FAW), a potential insect pest of monocot crops like maize, wheat, rice and sorghum globally. Among these, maize is the most preferred host crop while worldwide there are very few reports on onion being a host of fall armyworm.MethodsThe fall armyworm (FAW) was identified by examining the morphological characteristics of its immature and mature stages, as well as by analyzing the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (COX1) gene. Further, the strain identity was confirmed through multiple sequence alignment with previously identified S. frugiperda strains from corn and rice. Also studied the biology and damage symptoms caused by FAW in onion crops.ResultsDuring our experiments, the incidence of FAW ranged from 5 to 20 percent in different plots. The highest incidence was observed in young crops (30–45 days after transplanting) that were sown in November 2020. The FAW larvae exhibited six instars, with a total larval duration of 22.2 ± 0.37 days. The pest had multiple generations per year. The fully developed larvae formed earthen cocoons in the soil for pupation, with a pupal duration of 8.0 ± 0.45 days. The male adults had a recorded longevity of 6.4± 0.40days, while the female adults lived for approximately 9.2 ± 0.37 days. The COX1 gene sequencing revealed its 100% similarity with Spodoptera frugiperda and the comparison of sequences among FAW infecting rice and maize by using multiple sequence alignment showed differences at 11 positions.DiscussionThe present study is the first report of FAW invasion in onion in India and provides basic ideas about FAW characteristics which will help to control this new invasive pest in onion. In tropical regions with multiple cropping system and seasons, it becomes very important to investigate invasive pests as well as its host range in order to forecast its potential damage and devise suitable control measures.

Analysis of clinical and genetic variation in neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency

Objective: To investigate the clinical phenotype and gene variation conditions in neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD), so as to provide a basis for genetic counseling and clinical diagnosis and treatment of the family. Methods: 11 cases of neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis who visited the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University between February 2019 and March 2021 were selected as the study subjects. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to detect the gene variation condition in 11 neonatal patients and 100 normal control neonates. The suspicious loci and family members were verified by Sanger sequencing and QPCR technology. Results: All 11 children with NICCD had different degrees of jaundice and liver damage symptoms, combined with coagulation dysfunction and anemia (n = 7), cardiac malformation (n = 2), elevated myocardial enzymes (n = 4), hyperlipidemia (n = 1), hyperkalemia (n = 1), persistent diarrhea (n = 3), developmental delay (n = 1). A total of 10 different types of SLC25A13 gene mutations were detected in 11 cases, including three frameshift mutations, two splicing changes, two missense mutations, one intron insertion, one nonsense mutation, and one heterozygous deletion. After reviewing literature and databases, c.1878delG(p.I627Sfs*73) and exon11 deletion were novel mutations that had not been reported at home or abroad. Conclusion: The clinical features of NICCD are non-specific, and genetic testing aids in the early and accurate diagnosis of the disease, providing an important basis for clinical treatment and genetic counseling for family members. In addition, the detection of novel mutation sites has enriched the SLC25A13 gene variation spectrum.

Discrepancy of eye injuries in mechanism, clinical features, and vision prognosis by different causative sports.

To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of sports-related eye injuries in China, as well as how they differ depending on the sport or other specific factor that caused them. Consecutive medical records from 2015 to 2019 of sports-related eye injuries from a standardized database in nine tertiary referral hospitals in China were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. A total of 377 eyes in 376 inpatients (mean age, 22.5 ± 7.3 years; men:women 15.4:1) were included. Soccer (46.8%), basketball (27.1%), and badminton (16.8%) were the top three sports that caused injury. Ball strikes (74.7%), physical collision (13.8%), and racket/equipment beating (9.0%) were the common specific causes of injury. Blunt force injuries (95.8%) and close globe injuries (95.1%) accounted for the majority of injuries. Open globe injuries occurred more in basketball (8.3%) than in other sports, mainly due to physical collision (12.8%) and racket/equipment beating (11.8%). Basketball (13.4%) or physical collision (21.3%) caused Zone I injuries more frequently than other sports. Soccer (60.5%) and basketball (54.6%) caused more injuries to the posterior segment of the eyeball than other sports, mainly due to ball strikes (96.6%). Badminton (69.8%) and racket beating (61.8%) caused more Zone II globe injuries than other sports. In badminton, the percentage of hyphema (85.7%), the most typical symptom of eye damage, and ultimate visual acuity (VA) ≥20/40 (88.9%) was the greatest. A final low vision score of (≤4/200) was observed in 10.6% of all participants, including three participants who had an eye removed due to rupturing. The final VA was positively correlated with the presenting VA (r = 0.421). Sports can lead to high proportions of ocular contusion injury and low vision. VA prognosis is closely related to initial VA following ocular sports trauma, which is directly determined by the causative sports and/or the specific causes. Effective eye protection is imperative to avoid or reduce visual impairments of sports participants.

Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as a marker of diabetic nephropathy

Aim of the study is to estimate and analyze neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in diabetes mellitus as a marker of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Forty individuals with DN and forty patients with diabetes mellitus without nephropathy were enrolled. Inclusion criteria included patients with diabetic nephropathy (albuminuria >30 mg/day and/or eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) in the absence of additional kidney damage symptoms. Complete blood count, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), 24-hour urine albumin and serum creatinine were evaluated and compared. The mean NLR of the patients with DN (Cases) was 3.09 ± 0.88 (1.34-4.91) and in patients with diabetes mellitus only (Controls) it was 2.17 ± 0.69 (0.89-3.98). The correlation between urinary albumin excretion (p value =0.0004) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (p value =0.0002) also came out positive and negative respectively. Based on unpaired t-test, the difference between NLR values among the group came out statistically highly significant (p < 0.05). Thus, the NLR in both groups was not comparable. NLR was substantially higher in diabetic nephropathy patients compared to diabetes mellitus patients. Thus, NLR provides us with a simple and low-cost assessment that may be employed as a predictive instrument to diagnose diabetic nephropathy at a preliminary phase.