Symmetric Structure Research Articles

Analysis and application of a 3D chaotic system with an extremely extensive range of amplitudes and offset boosting

Abstract The study of high-dimensional chaotic systems has been the subject of considerable research interest, whereas the complex characteristics of low-dimensional chaotic systems have been largely overlooked. A new dimensional (3D) chaotic system containing only two kinds of nonlinear terms is constructed based on the Lorenz system to enrich the theory of chaotic systems and improve the complex properties of low-dimensional chaotic systems. The system lacks a symmetric structure; however, under the influence of the symmetric parameter α, the system attains a symmetric state and can produce attractors with a symmetric structure. Under the parameter β, the system can realize the regulation of amplitude, frequency, and nonlinear offset boosting of three signals simultaneously. The parameter γ can realize the control of two signal amplitude and frequency at the same time. The system always remains chaotic when the parameters β and γ are varied in a great range. In addition, this 3D chaotic system has offset boosting behavior in arbitrary single and multiple directions, and the offset constant has a wide range of values. These features provide great convenience for secure communications and weak signal engineering applications. Further, analog circuit simulations and DSP (Digital Signal Processor) hardware circuits confirm the parametric modulation of the system and the offset boosting behavior in any direction. Moreover, taking advantage of the extensive offset range, a synchronization controller is designed for the drive and response systems. Finally, the modulation of offsets with a wide range of values realizes the encrypted transmission of binary digital information and lays the foundation for future engineering applications.

Fine-grained vectorized merge sorting on RISC-V: from register to cache

AbstractMerge sort as a divide-sort-merge paradigm has been widely applied in computer science fields. As modern reduced instruction set computing architectures like the fifth generation (RISC-V) regard multiple registers as a vector register group for wide instruction parallelism, optimizing merge sort with this vectorized property is becoming increasingly common. In this paper, we overhaul the divide-sort-merge paradigm, from its register-level sort to the cache-aware merge, to develop a fine-grained RISC-V vectorized merge sort (RVMS). From the register-level view, the inline vectorized transpose instruction is missed in RISC-V, so implementing it efficiently is non-trivial. Besides, the vectorized comparisons do not always work well in the merging networks. Both issues primarily stem from the expensive data shuffle instruction. To bypass it, RVMS strides to take register data as the proxy of data shuffle to accelerate the transpose operation, and meanwhile replaces vectorized comparisons with scalar cousin for more light real value swap. On the other hand, as cache-aware merge makes larger data merge in the cache, most merge schemes have two drawbacks: the in-cache merge usually has low cache utilization, while the out-of-cache merging network remains an ineffectively symmetric structure. To this end, we propose the half-merge scheme to employ the auxiliary space of in-place merge to halve the footprint of naïve merge sort, and meanwhile copy one sequence to this space to avoid the former data exchange. Furthermore, an asymmetric merging network is developed to adapt to two different input sizes. Experiments on the RISC-V processor SG2042 show that four fine-grained optimization schemes including register strided transpose, hybrid merging network, half-merge strategy, and asymmetric merging network, improve performance by 4.05%, 19.88%, 12.23%, and 11.04% respectively. Importantly, the overall performance is 1.34x faster than the parallel sorting in the Boost C++ library, and 1.85x faster than std::sort.

Favorable Symmetric Structures of Radiopharmaceutically Important Neutral Cyclen-Based Ligands

Cyclen-based ligands are prominent tools for transferring radioisotopes through the human body. A crucial criterion is the stability of their complexes, which is partly determined by the stabilization of the free ligand in solution. For the assessment of the later property, the favored conformation(s) in the solution must be known. In the present study, the conformational space of four neutral cyclen-based ligands was elucidated by a multi-step procedure: the survey of the conformational space using molecular mechanics (MM) was followed by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations on the low-energy conformers and evaluation of the solvent effects. The results revealed several low-energy conformers in aqueous solution. In terms of electronic energies, a significant preference of symmetric structures (C4 or C2—similar to the ligand arrangements in their metal complexes) was obtained. The thermal contributions to the Gibbs free energy (mainly the vibrational ones) tend to decrease this preference by several kJ/mol against non-symmetric structures. Nonetheless, the advantage of compact symmetric structures was confirmed in all the four studied cases.

Towards Deterministic-Delay Data Delivery Using Multi-Criteria Routing over Satellite Networks

The satellite Internet can cover up to 70% of the surface of our planet Earth to provide network services for nearly 3 billion people. As such, it is promising to become the building block of future 6G networks. The satellite Internet is capable of providing uniform communication capacity to every part of the Earth’s surface, due to its uniform and symmetrical constellation structure, while the uneven distribution of ground populations leads to globally uneven traffic delivery requests, incurring a mismatch between the capacity and traffic transmission demands. As such, traditional single-criteria (e.g., shortest delay) routing algorithms can lead to severe network congestion and cannot provision delay-deterministic data delivery. To overcome this bottleneck, we propose a multi-criteria routing and scheduling scheme to redirect time-tolerant data, thus preventing congestion for time-sensitive data, based on the spatiotemporal distribution of data traffic. First, we construct a traffic spatiotemporal distribution model, to indicate the network load status. Next, we model the satellite network multi-criteria routing problem as an integer linear programming one, which is NP-hard and challenging to solve within polynomial time. A novel link weight design based on both the link delay and load is introduced, transforming the mathematical programming problem into a routing optimization problem. The proposed correlation scheduling algorithm fully utilizes idle network link resources, significantly improving network resource utilization and eliminating resource competition between non-time-sensitive and time-sensitive services. Simulation results show that compared with traditional algorithms, the proposed method can increase the throughput of time-sensitive data by up to 20.8% and reduce the packet loss rate of time-sensitive services by up to 76.8%.

An index for measuring departure from an anti-sum-symmetry model for square contingency tables with ordered categories

Summary In the analysis of square contingency tables, which are two-way contingency tables in which the row and column variables consist of the same classification, statistical models regarding the symmetry of row and column variables are often used rather than the independence. This study proposes an index for measuring the degree of departure from the anti-sum-symmetry model. The proposed index is constructed using the Kullback–Leibler divergence. The anti-sum-symmetry model is useful to evaluate whether symmetric and asymmetric structures exist with respect to the anti-diagonal of the table. We derive the plug-in estimator and large-sample confidence interval for the proposed index. The usefulness of the proposed index is demonstrated by applying it to real data.

A Fast Modeling Method for BOR–FDTD

Aiming at the inefficiency caused by the optimal design of rotationally symmetric horn feed models, a fast modeling method for rotationally symmetric structures is proposed, which is used to deal with the mesh generation of rotationally symmetric structures and the rapid establishment of computational models. In this paper, the body-of-revolution finite-difference time-domain (BOR–FDTD) method is employed to investigate the radiation performance of the horn feed. Due to the rotational symmetry of the horn antenna, modeling only requires the establishment of a two-dimensional cross-sectional mesh of the horn feed. An optimized Delaunay triangulation algorithm combined with the projection intersection method is utilized to triangulate the horn cross-section of arbitrary polygons and establish the BOR–FDTD computational mesh. Results from both single-medium and multi-medium triangulation algorithms and computational models verify the accuracy of this modeling method. The radiation patterns of a smooth-walled horn were calculated and compared with the modeling time of MATLAB 2017 and the simulation time of CST. The results reveal that the algorithm presented in this paper aligns well with the simulation results from CST; furthermore, the modeling time amounts to only 6.78% of the MATLAB program’s modeling time, while the total simulation time is 31.3% of CST, which demonstrates both the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.

Synthesis and Anti-gastric Cancer Activity by Targeting FGFR1 Pathway of Novel Asymmetric Bis-chalcone Compounds.

Bis-chalcone compounds with symmetrical structures, either isolated from natural products or chemically synthesized, have multiple pharmacological activities. Asymmetric Bis-chalcone compounds have not been reported before, which might be attributed to the synthetic challenges involved, and it remains unknown whether these compounds possess any potential pharmacological activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the synthesis route of asymmetric bis-chalcone compounds and identify potential candidates with efficient anti-tumor activity. The two-step structural optimization of the bis-chalcone compounds was carried out sequentially, guided by the screening of the compounds for their growth inhibitory activity against gastric cancer cells by MTT assay. The QSAR model of compounds was established through random forest (RF) algorithm. The activities of the optimal compound J3 on growth inhibition, apoptosis, and apoptosis-inducing protein expression in gastric cancer cells were investigated sequentially by colony formation assay, flow cytometry, and western blotting. Further, the inhibitory effects of J3 on the FGFR1 signaling pathway were explored by Western Blotting, shRNA, and MTT assays. Finally, the in vivo anti-tumor activity and mechanism of J3 were studied through nude mice xenograft assay, western blotting. 27 asymmetric bis-chalcone compounds, including two types (N and J) were sequentially designed and synthesized. Some N-class compounds have good inhibitory activity on the growth of gastric cancer cells. The vast majority of J-class compounds optimized on the basis of N3 exhibit excellent inhibitory activity on gastric cancer cell growth. We established a QSAR model (R2 = 0.851627) by applying random forest algorithms. The optimal compound J3, which had better activity, concentration-dependently inhibited the formation of gastric cancer cell colonies and led to cell apoptosis by inducing the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein cleaved PARP in a dose-dependent manner. J3 may exert anti-gastric cancer effects by inhibiting the activation of FGFR1/ERK pathway. Moreover, at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day, J3 inhibited tumor growth in nude mice by nearly 70% in vivo with no significant toxic effect on body weight and organs. In summary, this study outlines a viable method for the synthesis of novel asymmetric bischalcone compounds. Furthermore, the compound J3 demonstrates substantial promise as a potential candidate for an anti-tumor drug.

Simulation analysis of the internal flow field in single screw compressor using local re-meshing method

Abstract The single screw compressor (SSC) is considered an excellent competitor to the twin screw compressor due to its symmetrical structure and balanced gas forces on the screw rotor. To enhance the performance of SSC, it is crucial to have a thorough understanding of the internal flow field, particularly in the leakage channels. Nevertheless, the vertical relationship between the star wheel axis and the screw axis leads to mesh distortion, which presents technical challenges for mesh division in CFD simulations. In this paper, the method of local re-meshing is employed to simulate the comprehensive flow field using the Forte software. The mesh is regenerated near the motion boundary, while the mesh in the remaining areas remains unchanged. The pressure and temperature distribution of the internal flow field of the compressor are obtained, as well as its variation during operation. The results indicate a noticeable pressure gradient change in the leakage gap. The pressure and temperature of gas gradually increase along the axis direction of the screw, reaching the maximum value in the exhaust channel. The research can provide support for the future optimization design of the SSC.

Deciphering the impacts of symmetric and asymmetric structures in heptazine units over g-C3N4 on piezo-photocatalysis for H2O2 production from pure water

Deciphering the impacts of symmetric and asymmetric structures in heptazine units over g-C3N4 on piezo-photocatalysis for H2O2 production from pure water

Evolution of strengthening precipitates in Al-4.0Zn-1.8Mg-1.2Cu (at.%) alloy with high Zn/Mg ratio during artificial aging

Evolution of strengthening precipitates, including their types, sizes, volume fraction, and chemical compositions in Al-4.0Zn-1.8Mg-1.2Cu (at.%) alloy during artificial aging, were investigated using anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering (ASAXS), three-dimensional atom probe techniques (APT), high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Upon aging, Cu-containing clusters merge with adjacent clusters to form larger clusters, which then act as nucleation sites for GPη' zones. As aging proceeds, GPη' zones grow up to η'I metastable phase with seven atomic layers on {111}Al planes, and this process is controlled by diffusion of Mg atoms. Cu atoms have a low diffusion rate and do not participate into the growth of precipitates within the first 60mins of aging. As aging time increases, Cu atoms enter the η'I metastable phase, leading to a significant increase in Cu content and (Zn+Cu)/Mg ratio; η'I metastable phase grow, and after exceeding about 7nm, gradually transform into the η'II metastable phase with ten atomic layers by adding three new atomic layers at one side. GPη' zones, η'I metastable phase and η'II metastable phase have symmetric interface structures. The precipitation sequence during aging to peak state can be summarized as: atomic clusters → GPη' zones → η'I metastable phase → η'II metastable phase.

Acoustic black hole immersed sonoreactor for high-efficiency cavitation treatment

Developing innovative sonoreactors to enhance acoustic processing efficiency holds immense importance in the field of sonochemistry. Traditional immersed sonoreactors (TISs) mainly produce cavitation at the probe tip, with a relatively weak cavitation around the probe, resulting in posing challenges for high-efficiency cavitation treatment. Here we propose an acoustic black hole immersed sonoreactor (ABHIS) in longitudinal-flexural coupled vibration, enabling high-efficiency cavitation treatment by unleashing the cavitation potential of the probe. The symmetrical structure of the probe is altered to introduce a coupling of flexural vibration mode, and an acoustic black hole (ABH) profile is integrated to further enhance both flexural wave number and amplitude. In this paper, we present a systematic theoretical design method for ABHIS and compare its performance with TIS using finite element method (FEM). An ABHIS prototype is fabricated and subjected to experimental tests and cavitation observation. The results demonstrate that our theoretical analysis model accurately predicts the frequency characteristics of ABHIS. The proposed ABHIS exhibits satisfactory dynamic characteristics, with significantly increased vibration displacement and acoustic radiation ability compared to TIS. Importantly, the ABH design significantly expands ultrasonic cavitation regions and enhances acoustic radiation intensity of ABHIS resulting in a substantial improvement in acoustic processing efficiency.

A Parkinson's disease-related nuclei segmentation network based on CNN-Transformer interleaved encoder with feature fusion.

Automatic segmentation of Parkinson's disease (PD) related deep gray matter (DGM) nuclei based on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is significant in assisting the diagnosis of PD. However, due to the degenerative-induced changes in appearance, low tissue contrast, and tiny DGM nuclei size in elders' brain MRI images, many existing segmentation models are limited in the application. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a PD-related DGM nuclei segmentation network to provide precise prior knowledge for aiding diagnosis PD. The encoder of network is designed as an alternating encoding structure where the convolutional neural network (CNN) captures spatial and depth texture features, while the Transformer complements global position information between DGM nuclei. Moreover, we propose a cascaded channel-spatial-wise block to fuse features extracted by the CNN and Transformer, thereby achieving more precise DGM nuclei segmentation. The decoder incorporates a symmetrical boundary attention module, leveraging the symmetrical structures of bilateral nuclei regions by constructing signed distance maps for symmetric differences, which optimizes segmentation boundaries. Furthermore, we employ a dynamic adaptive region of interests weighted Dice loss to enhance sensitivity towards smaller structures, thereby improving segmentation accuracy. In qualitative analysis, our method achieved optimal average values for PD-related DGM nuclei (DSC: 0.854, IOU: 0.750, HD95: 1.691 mm, ASD: 0.195 mm). Experiments conducted on multi-center clinical datasets and public datasets demonstrate the good generalizability of the proposed method. Furthermore, a volumetric analysis of segmentation results reveals significant differences between HCs and PDs. Our method holds promise for assisting clinicians in the rapid and accurate diagnosis of PD, offering a practical method for the imaging analysis of neurodegenerative diseases.

Physical viability of [formula omitted] gravity corrected charged anisotropic solutions

This article explores the impact of charge on the properties of relativistic compact star candidates exhibiting anisotropic distribution in f(Q) gravity, where Q represents a nonmetricity. A specific model of this gravitational theory is considered to simplify the system and establish the precise field equations that regulate the interaction between matter and geometry. Analysis of the static spherical symmetric structures is conducted by considering the non-singular feasible solutions. The Darmois constraints are used to determine the unknown constants in the metric coefficients. We explore different physical characteristics in the interior of charged compact stars to check their viability. Sound velocity and adiabatic index techniques are employed for stability state analysis. Proposed charged stars are determined to be both viable and stable in this theoretical framework.

Pre-coordination anchoring strategy for modulating the coordination structure of iron single atoms and ORR performance

Among numerous potential alternatives to platinum-based catalysts, single-atom Fe catalysts with a symmetrical planar tetra-coordinated structure anchored by nitrogen (FeN4) have shown the most promising ORR activity. However, extensive research has shown that the highly symmetric planar structure of the FeN4 site leads to symmetric electron distribution, which is detrimental to the adsorption and activation of oxygen intermediates, thereby hindering further improvement in ORR kinetics and performance. Herein, using the pre-coordination anchoring strategy, we prepared high-loading S, N-coordinated single-atom catalysts with an FeSN3 structure (referred to as Fe SACs/SNC). Due to the optimized charge distribution of Fe active centers, Fe SACs/SNC exhibited outstanding alkaline ORR performance. In addition, Fe SACs/SNC assembled as air cathodes in liquid and solid zinc-air batteries showed stable cycling for over 900 h (2700 cycles) and 190 h (1140 cycles), respectively, while solid-state batteries also demonstrated good flexibility.

Optimizing the chiral optical response in nanostructures using plasmonic Fano resonance

This study investigates the chiral enhancement effects of plasmonic Fano resonance modes in planar metallic nanostructures. The nanostructure consists of a central Z-shaped or 卍-shaped element surrounded by six clustered gold nanorods, focusing on the coupling between these doubly rotationally symmetric structures. This coupling induces plasmonic Fano resonance, which significantly enhances the chiral response. Under normal incidence of circularly polarized light, the maximum chiral response can reach up to 41%. Finite-difference time-domain simulation and multipole expansion analysis reveal the fundamental origin of this enhanced chiral response: the selective excitation of electric dipoles and toroidal dipoles in polarization. The study demonstrates that rotationally symmetric structures and coupling effects play a crucial role in modulating the chiral response of nanostructures.

Multiple Fano resonances in all-dielectric porous array structures

High Q metasurfaces play an important role in fields such as high-sensitivity sensing and nonlinear optics due to their strong localized electromagnetic field enhancement. Although ultra-high Q resonance has been developed in the field of optics, it is still a challenging task due to the loss of dielectric materials, design and fabrication of nanostructures. In this paper, we have designed an all-dielectric symmetric perforated array structure that supports multiple Fano resonances within the 0–1 THz range and realizes the anapole mode through this array perforation structure. By calculating the phase difference between different modes at the resonance frequencies, we explain the mechanism of the formation of resonance-coupled BIC. The Q-factors of the three modes have been calculated, where the highest Q-value can be up to 2703, it is excited by the MQ. Then, we analyzed the sensing performance and the highest sensitivity can reach 27,000 nm/RIU. Since the metasurface always maintains c_4v symmetry and mirror symmetry, all three resonances are polarization independent. The proposed metasurfaces can be applied to light-matter interactions, enhanced nonlinear response, and sensing.

Bidirectional DC/DC Converter Based on Interleaved Parallel Buck/Boost Cascades CLLLC

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a two‐stage bidirectional DC/DC converter is suggested to handle the energy transfer for electric vehicles between high‐voltage and low‐voltage batteries. The converter enables bidirectional power transfer, a broad range of input voltage, and a high ratio of voltage. The front stage adopts the bidirectional CLLLC resonant converter, which possesses excellent soft switching characteristics because of its symmetrical structure in both forward and reverse directions. Open‐loop fixed frequency control is used in the forward direction to set the working frequency of the switching transistors near the resonance frequency, and the voltage and current double closed loop control is employed to achieve a constant voltage ratio and efficient power transmission in the reverse direction. The rear stage adopts an interleaved parallel bidirectional Buck/Boost converter, and the interleaved parallel structure helps to lessen the output current ripple. The duty cycle secondary distribution method is used on the basis of the voltage and current double closed loop control to regulate the output voltage and make the converter operate stably. The principle and characteristics of the bidirectional DC/DC converter are analyzed, and by modeling and experimentation, the theoretical analysis's viability and correctness are confirmed.

Preclinical pharmacology characterization of HX009, a novel PD1 x CD47 Bi-specific antibody

Certain immune-checkpoint inhibitors have a narrow therapeutic window (TW) as cancer therapeutics, and engineered dual-/multi-targeting agents could potentially widen the TW to bring true clinical benefits. We report a new rationally-designed bispecific-antibody (BsAb), HX009, simultaneously targeting PD1 and CD47 to improve both the efficacy and safety over the respective single-targeting agents by grafting the extracellular domain of SIRPα onto the parental anti-PD1-monoclonal antibody, HX008. This resulted in an IgG4-based “2 × 2” symmetric structure but with an intentionally-reduced CD47-binding affinity, suggesting a novel candidate cancer immunotherapy. Specifically, HX009 has binding affinity constant of 8.951 × 10–9 M for human PD1 and 2.557 × 10–8 M for human CD47, respectively, where the CD47 binding is significantly weaker as compared to the binding affinity of HX008 to PD1 as well as the binding affinity of SIRPα-Fc to CD47, leading to little binding to RBCs and platelets and is contrasting to many CD47-agents in development. However, HX009 effectively and simultaneously binds to the PD1 and CD47 on PD1+CD47+ T-cells via cis-binding and elicits enhanced T cell activation compared to the parental HX008. HX009 caused little cytokine-release in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. HX009 cross-species binds to cynomolgus monkey PD1/CD47 but not to rodents, making cynomolgus monkeys the choice of species to investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK) and toxicology of HX009. HX009’s anti-tumor activities were confirmed in several humanized preclinical mouse models by determining either its anti-PD1 (humanized hu-CD47-MC38 models) or anti-CD47 (HuT-102 lymphoma CDX and three PDX-AML models) functions, although limited available humanized models have hindered broadly demonstration of enhanced anti-tumor activities contributed from the dual targeting of the BsAb. The expanded DLBCL-PDX trial data suggested that both EBV-status and OX40 expression could potentially be two positive predictors for response to HX009. An intravenous (IV) infusion PK study in cynomolgus monkey revealed its largely vasculature distribution, terminal half-life (T1/2) of ~ 50 h, and dose-proportional exposure without accumulation. The anti-drug antibody (ADA) was observed in all monkeys as expected, affecting the PK parameters of repeated administration. The IV single-dose toxicology study with a 14-day observation revealed a maximum tolerated dose of 150 mg/kg, while the repeated-dose (once weekly for 4 weeks, 5 doses in total) study showed a highest non-severely toxic dose (HNSTD) of 15 mg/kg. The desired preclinical PK and safety profiles, along with its antitumor activity, support HX009’s candidacy for its clinical development.

Obtaining Symmetrical Gradient Structure in Copper Wire by Combined Processing

Traditionally, structural wire is characterized by a homogeneous microstructure, where the average grain size in different parts of the wire is uniform. According to the classical Hall–Petch relationship, a homogeneous polycrystalline metal can be strengthened by decreasing the average grain size since an increase in the volume fraction of grain boundaries will further impede the motion of dislocations. However, a decrease in the grain size inevitably leads to a decrease in the ductility and deformability of the material due to limited dislocation mobility. Putting a gradient microstructure into the wire has promising potential for overcoming the compromise between strength and ductility. This is proposed a new combined technology in this paper in order to obtain a gradient microstructure. This technology consists of deforming the wire in a rotating equal-channel step die and subsequent traditional drawing. Deformation of copper wire with a diameter of 6.5 mm to a diameter of 5.0 mm was carried out in three passes at room temperature. As a result of such processing, a gradient microstructure with a surface nanostructured layer (grain size ~400 nm) with a gradual increase in grain size towards the center of the wire was obtained. As a result, the microhardness in the surface zone was 1150 MPa, 770 Mpa in the neutral zone, and 685 MPa in the central zone of the wire. Such a symmetrical spread of microhardness, observed over the entire cross-section of the rod, is a direct confirmation of the presence of a gradient microstructure in deformed materials. The strength characteristics of the wire were doubled: the tensile strength increased from 335 MPa to 675 MPa, and the yield strength from 230 MPa to 445 MPa. At the same time, the relative elongation decreased from 20% to 16%, and the relative contraction from 28% to 23%. Despite the fact that the ductility of copper is decreased after cyclic deformation, its values remain at a fairly high level. The validity of all results is confirmed by numerous experiments using a complex of traditional and modern research methods, which include optical, scanning, and transmission microscopy; determination of mechanical properties under tension; and measurement of hardness and electrical resistance. These methods allow reliable interpretation of the fine microstructure of the wire and provide information on its strength, plastic, and electrical properties.

Electromechanical modelling and vibration control analysis of cyclic symmetric structures with a piezoelectric vibration absorber

This study explored the application of piezoelectric vibration absorbers (PVAs) equipped with synthetic circuits for the vibration control of cyclic symmetric structures. A cyclic symmetric electromechanical model (CSEM) integrated with PVAs was introduced to facilitate the design and optimization of the PVAs. This model was formulated analytically based on the circulant matrix theory, and the dynamic response was computed using the complex mode superposition method with explicit consideration of the intrinsic resistance within the PVA. A case study involving a simplified blisk model and an experimental test rig was conducted to validate the proposed CSEM. The validity of the model was confirmed through a comparative analysis of both the natural and dynamic characteristics obtained using the finite element model and experimental results. Furthermore, the impact of synthetic circuit parameters (inductance and negative capacitance values) and the placement of piezoelectric patches on the vibration control performance of PVA were investigated. The results suggested that the optimal inductance coincide with the analytical value, whereas the optimal negative capacitance of the series was slightly greater than the intrinsic capacitance of the patch. Additionally, mounting the piezoelectric patch on the blade root improved the vibration control.