Symmetric Cations Research Articles

Heterogeneity in microstructures and dynamics of dicationic ionic liquids with symmetric and asymmetric cations

In order to understand the role of cation symmetry in intra- and inter-molecular structures and dynamics of dicationic ionic liquids (DILs), we present the MD simulations and Voronoi tessellation analysis of two DILs including [C5(mim)2][NTf2]2 and [C5(tma)(mim)][NTf2]2. In this work, we systematically examined the effect of changing the electrostatic interactions on microheterogeneity (MH) by fixing the strength of the vdW interactions. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of the MH were explored through total/partial structure factors, heterogeneity order parameter (HOP) and domain analysis. Furthermore, radial distribution functions (RDFs), coordination numbers, spatial distribution functions (SDFs), neighborhood analysis of ions and combined distribution functions (CDFs) were calculated to determine the arrangement of the nearest neighboring ions. Local structural heterogeneity leads to local dynamical heterogeneity, which plays an important role in the applications related to ion transportation. To investigate dynamical heterogeneity, the mean square displacement, non-Gaussian parameter, van Hove correlation, and also the hydrogen bond, ion pair, ion cage and reorientation dynamics have been calculated. The results showed that the replacement of one imidazolium head of symmetrical [C5(mim)2]2+ cation with a trimethylammonium group shows significant effects on their structures and dynamics.

Probing Fundamental Symmetries of Deformed Nuclei in Symmetric Top Molecules

Precision measurements of Schiff moments in heavy, deformed nuclei are sensitive probes of beyond standard model T, P violation in the hadronic sector. While the most stringent limits on Schiff moments to date are set with diamagnetic atoms, polar polyatomic molecules can offer higher sensitivities with unique experimental advantages. In particular, symmetric top molecular ions possess K doublets of opposite parity with especially small splittings, leading to full polarization at low fields, internal comagnetometer states useful for rejection of systematic effects, and the ability to perform sensitive searches for T, P violation using a small number of trapped ions containing heavy exotic nuclei. We consider the symmetric top cation ^{225}RaOCH_{3}^{+} as a prototypical and candidate platform for performing sensitive nuclear Schiff measurements and characterize in detail its internal structure using relativistic abinitio methods. The combination of enhancements from a deformed nucleus, large polarizability, and unique molecular structure make this molecule a promising platform to search for fundamental symmetry violation even with a single trapped ion.

Pyrrolidinium Containing Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Li-Based Batteries.

Ionic liquids are potential alternative electrolytes to the more conventional solid-state options under investigation for future energy storage solutions. This review addresses the utilization of IL electrolytes in energy storage devices, particularly pyrrolidinium-based ILs. These ILs offer favorable properties, such as high ionic conductivity and the potential for high power drain, low volatility and wide electrochemical stability windows (ESW). The cation/anion combination utilized significantly influences their physical and electrochemical properties, therefore a thorough discussion of different combinations is outlined. Compatibility with a wide array of cathode and anode materials such as LFP, V2O5, Ge and Sn is exhibited, whereby thin-films and nanostructured materials are investigated for micro energy applications. Polymer gel electrolytes suitable for layer-by-layer fabrication are discussed for the various pyrrolidinium cations, and their compatibility with electrode materials assessed. Recent advancements regarding the modification of typical cations such a 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, to produce ether-functionalized or symmetrical cations is discussed.

Physical-chemical properties of newly synthesized tetraalkylammonium alkyl ether carboxylate ionic liquids

Thirty-nine different Ionic Liquids were synthesized, with symmetric quaternary ammonium cations and alkylethercarboxylates as anions. Similar to the recently published Concept of Melting Point Lowering due to Ethoxylation, here propoxyethylene groups, PO groups, in the anions allow a wide range of salts being liquid at or close to room temperature. The physical chemical properties, density, viscosity, conductivity, thermal stability, melting behaviour and hygroscopy of such Ionic Liquids were determined. Density was linearly dependent on the temperature and was affected by the molecular weight of the Ionic Liquid. Higher viscosity of longer carbon chains resulted from stronger intermolecular Van der Waals forces. Viscosity of the Ionic Liquids was lowered by shorter carbon chains in the anions, bulkier cations or lower propoxyethylene degrees. The conductivity of the Ionic Liquids ranged from 1 to 3000 μS/cm and was dependent on the structure of the compound. Melting points of Ionic Liquids were dependent on the length of the carbon chain. At high temperatures, they decomposed in a two-step mechanism. First, the cationic part decomposed, and, at a higher temperature, the anionic part of the Ionic Liquid. Moreover, the Ionic Liquids showed a strong hygroscopic behaviour that was observed for an extended time range up to 5 days.

Cation Intercalation Materials and Cell Design for Low-Energy Electrochemical Desalination

Due to the growing population and human-made climate change spurred by the use of fossil fuels, the urgent need for energy-efficient desalination has motivated research into electrochemical desalination as a technology to remove salt ions from water. Prussian Blue analogues (PBAs) are a promising class of redox-active intercalation compounds with high capacity and cycle life used in sodium-ion batteries. While their functionality was previously shown to enable desalination in symmetric cation intercalation desalination (CID) cell architectures [S. Porada, A. Shrivastava, P. Bukowska, P. M. Biesheuvel, and K. C. Smith, Electrochim. Acta 255, 369 (2017)], they have low electronic conductivity which limits their charge and discharge rates while causing high energy consumption due to ohmic losses [A. Shrivastava and K. C. Smith, J. Electrochem. Soc. 165, A1777 (2018)]. A common technique to increase electronic conductivity in battery electrodes is the inclusion of additives such as carbon black, however increasing conductive particle content reduces active particle loading and overall salt absorption capacity. To overcome these limitations, the effects of volume fraction of either C45 or Ketjen Black conductive additive on electrode transport properties were studied, and we demonstrated that orders of magnitude improvement in electronic conductivity could be achieved using the smaller Ketjen Black particles [E. R. Reale, A. Shrivastava, and K. C. Smith, Water Res. 165, 114995 (2019)]. Through this discovery, the low electronic conductivity of PBA electrodes was overcome, and new higher-conductivity electrodes were successfully fabricated and used in a flow-through cation intercalation desalination cell built with a custom-designed 3D printed flow field. The new CID cell functioned using a PBA anode and cathode separated by an anion exchange membrane to transport salt into one half of the cell while desalinating the other, and displayed energy consumption an order of magnitude lower than that of other electrochemical desalination technologies while removing similar quantities of salt from an influent feed. For a salt concentration of 100 mM, a salinity comparable to brackish water found in areas such as estuaries and aquifers, approximately 25% of influent salt was removed from one feed and transferred into the other. Further improvements can be made through the use of intercalation materials with higher volumetric storage capacity and increased mobility for sodium, which were both limiting factors when using PBAs which lowered utilization and prevented higher salt removal. Early tests with such electrodes have shown their electronic conductivity to be several times higher than PBA electrodes, further reducing energy consumption. Another modification to the cell is the use of an in-house designed recirculation system to increase salt removal over multiple passes rather than single-pass flow. The goal of our research is to develop CID technology into a form of energy-efficient desalination capable of surpassing reverse osmosis in salt removed for a given energy input.

Centimeter-Sized Single Crystal of Two-Dimensional Halide Perovskites Incorporating Straight-Chain Symmetric Diammonium Ion for X-Ray Detection.

Two-dimensional (2D) AA'n-1 Mn X3n+1 type halide perovskites incorporating straight-chain symmetric diammonium cations define a new type of structure, but their optoelectronic properties are largely unexplored. Reported here is the synthesis of a centimeter-sized AA'n-1 Mn X3n+1 type perovskite, BDAPbI4 (BDA=NH3 C4 H8 NH3 ), single crystal and its charge-transport properties under X-ray excitation. The crystal shows a staggered configuration of the [PbI6 ]4- layers, a band gap of 2.37 eV, and a low trap density of 3.1×109 cm-3 . The single-crystal X-ray detector exhibits an excellent sensitivity of 242 μC Gyair -1 cm-2 under the 10 V bias (0.31 V μm-1 ), a detection limit as low as 430 nGyair s-1 , ultrastable response current, a stable baseline with the lowest dark current drift of 6.06×10-9 nA cm-1 s-1 V-1 , and rapid response time of τrise =7.3 ms and τfall =22.5 ms. These crystals are promising candidates for the next generation of optoelectronic devices.

Centimeter‐Sized Single Crystal of Two‐Dimensional Halide Perovskites Incorporating Straight‐Chain Symmetric Diammonium Ion for X‐Ray Detection

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) AA′n−1MnX3n+1 type halide perovskites incorporating straight‐chain symmetric diammonium cations define a new type of structure, but their optoelectronic properties are largely unexplored. Reported here is the synthesis of a centimeter‐sized AA′n−1MnX3n+1 type perovskite, BDAPbI4 (BDA=NH3C4H8NH3), single crystal and its charge‐transport properties under X‐ray excitation. The crystal shows a staggered configuration of the [PbI6]4− layers, a band gap of 2.37 eV, and a low trap density of 3.1×109 cm−3. The single‐crystal X‐ray detector exhibits an excellent sensitivity of 242 μC Gyair−1 cm−2 under the 10 V bias (0.31 V μm−1), a detection limit as low as 430 nGyair s−1, ultrastable response current, a stable baseline with the lowest dark current drift of 6.06×10−9 nA cm−1 s−1 V−1, and rapid response time of τrise=7.3 ms and τfall=22.5 ms. These crystals are promising candidates for the next generation of optoelectronic devices.

Understanding the synergy between MgO-CeO2 as an effective promoter and ionic liquids for high dimethyl carbonate production from CO2 and methanol

Direct conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to dimethyl carbonate (DMC) using methanol (MeOH) is an attractive approach to utilize CO2. However, this reaction is limited by low CO2 solubility and large amount water formation. For now, dehydrating agents are used to solve this problem. Our goal is to substitute to these dehydrating agents with more abundant porous metal oxide/ionic liquids (ILs) hybrid catalysts. Herein, we have prepared a glycol-based symmetrical cation with different anions assisted ILs combined with electrospun MgO-CeO2 metal oxide nanofiber sponge-500 (EMCMONS-500). The hybrid catalyst displays excellent performance towards DMC synthesis. Notably it showed 98.9% selectivity, and 73.1 mmol g−1 cat DMC yield within 3 h reaction time, 3 MPa CO2 pressure, 120 °C, and 1.12 mmol catalyst loading. In addition, the catalyst shows there is no change in yield and selectivity after several recycles. Furthermore, due to a sponge-like morphology of the EMCMONS-500 catalyst, in which the creation of strong heterojunction takes place which is confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. On the other hand, ILs give tunable acidic properties, high thermal stability, less viscosity, and low vapor pressure. Therefore, EMCMONS-500 easily mixed into ILs and form a highly porous network which gives a huge surface to volume ratios to form a nanoconfinement structure which is helpful to capture more CO2. Considering these advantages of ILs-EMCMONS-500 can be suitable catalyst for CO2 utilization.

Plastic Crystals Utilising Small Ammonium Cations and Sulfonylimide Anions as Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries

Organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) are increasingly promising as a class of solid-state electrolyte for developing safer lithium batteries. However, their advancement relies on expanding the range of well-characterised cation/anion combinations. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of OIPCs utilising small ammonium cations tetramethylammonium ([N1111]+), triethylmethylammonium ([N1222]+) and tetraethylammonium ([N2222]+), chosen to encourage significant rotational and translational motion, with the charge-diffuse and electrochemically stable bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ([FSI]ˉ) and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([NTf2]ˉ) anions. To investigate the physico-chemical properties of the OIPCs, the free volume was measured by positron annihilation spectroscopy (PALS) and correlated with the ionic conductivity and thermal analysis (DSC). Solid-state NMR analysis of the salts, is also reported. The salts with the less symmetric cation, [N1222][FSI] and [N1222][NTf2], were identified as the most promising electrolyte materials, and thus the electrochemical properties after mixing with 10 and 90 mol% lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) or lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiNTf2), respectively, were investigated. This study demonstrates the efficacy of these OIPC materials as new quasi-solid state electrolytes with advantageous properties such as high conductivity, good thermal and electrochemical properties, the ability to incorporate high lithium salt concentrations and support efficient lithium electrochemistry.

Effect of anions on the solid-state interplay of symmetric and unsymmetric phosphonium cations

Crystallographic studies of salts of quaternary phosphonium cations, tetraphenylphosphonium and benzyltriphenylphosphonium, reveal differences in size and shape of the phosphonium cations dominate the intermolecular packing with the cations self-associated through phenyl embraces.

Tuneable Redox Chemistry and Electrochromism of Persistent Symmetric and Asymmetric Azine Radical Cations.

Molecular organic radicals have been intensively studied in the last decades, due to their interesting optical, magnetic and redox properties. Here we report the synthesis and characterisation of persistent organic radicals from one-electron oxidation of redox-active azines (RAAs), composed of two guanidinyl or related groups. By connecting two different groups together, asymmetric compounds result. In this way a series of compounds with varying redox potential is obtained that could be oxidised reversibly to the mono- and the dicationic charge states. The accessible redox states were fully determined by chemical redox reactions. The standard Gibbs free energy change for disproportionation of the radical monocation into the dication and the neutral molecule in solution, estimated from cyclovoltammetric measurements, varies between 43 and 71 kJ mol-1 . While the neutral RAAs absorb predominately UV light, the radical monocations display strong absorptions covering almost the entire visible region and extending for some compounds into the NIR region. A detailed analysis of this highly reversible electrochromism is presented, and the fast switching characteristics are demonstrated in an electrochromic test device.

Reaction parameters dependence of the CO2/epoxide coupling reaction catalyzed by tunable ionic liquids, optimization of comonomer-alternating enhancement pathway

Glycerol based symmetrical cations with different anions accommodated ionic liquids (ILs) was found to be the most prominent catalyst system to produce cyclic carbonate (CC) from carbon dioxide (CO2) and propylene oxide (PO) for the first time. The synthesized ILs was analyzed by different spectroscopic technique, the thermal stability of ILs was analyzed by TGA, DSC. The mole ratio of IL/DBU gives a positive effect towards the product yield and selectivity. The best catalytic activity and long-term durability of ILs could be due to the synergistic combination of cation and anion makes an ideal catalyst for title reaction. The effect of ILs loading, temperature, pressure, and time on the production of cyclic carbonate was also investigated to determine the best reaction conditions (final 2 MPa CO2 pressure, 4 h, and 110 °C) the propylene carbonate (PC) selectivity and yield was 98.2 and 91.9%. Moreover, based on TGA and FT-IR analysis the catalyst system could be reusable up to four times (16 h) with no change in catalyst performance and product selectivity. In addition, the probable mechanism of this reaction was also proposed with the help of 13C NMR analysis.

A general study of actinyl hydration by molecular dynamics simulations using ab initio force fields.

A set of new ab initio force fields for aqueous [AnO2]2+/+ (An = Np(vi,v), Pu(vi), Am(vi)) has been developed using the Hydrated Ion (HI) model methodology previously used for [UO2]2+. Except for the non-electrostatic contribution of the HI-bulk water interaction, the interaction potentials are individually parameterized. Translational diffusion coefficients, hydration enthalpies, and vibrational normal mode frequencies were calculated from the MD simulations. Physico-chemical properties satisfactorily agree with experiments validating the robustness of the force field strategy. The solvation dynamics and structure for all hexavalent actinoids are extremely similar and resemble our previous analysis of the uranyl cation. This supports the idea of using the uranyl cation as a reference for the study of other minor actinyls. The comparison between the NpO2 2+ and NpO2 + hydration only provides significant differences in first and second shell distances and second-shell mean residence times. We propose a single general view of the [AnO2]2+/+ hydration structure: aqueous actinyls are amphiphilic anisotropic solutes which are equatorially conventional spherically symmetric cations capped at the poles by clathrate-like water structures.

Pyrrolidinium-based organic ionic plastic crystals: Relationship between side chain length and properties

Organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) have been studied as solid-state electrolytes because of their desirable properties such as non-flammability, plasticity, and ionic conductivity. However, the temperature range of their conductive plastic crystal phase is narrow. We previously reported that N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide ([C2mpyr][FSA]) exhibited a wide temperature range of plastic crystal behavior and high ionic conductivity at room temperature. In this study, the relationship between the side chain structure of pyrrolidinium and the physicochemical properties of their compounds with FSA was investigated. With two introduced ethyl groups, N,N-diethylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide ([C2epyr][FSA]) showed higher ionic conductivity than [C2mpyr][FSA], while maintaining a sufficient temperature range of plastic crystal phase. The ionic conductivity of [C2epyr][FSA] was further improved by the addition of 5 mol% LiFSA. For the [C2epyr][FSA] composited with 5 mol% LiFSA, the lithium transference number was determined to be 0.27 at 60 °C. Reversible lithium plating/stripping reaction was observed on a Ni electrode in the CV measurement. Symmetric pyrrolidinium cation with a longer alkyl chain (up to two carbons) showed conductive plastic solid phase in a wide temperature range and a higher lithium transference number.

Lead and HTM Free Stable Two-Dimensional Tin Perovskites with Suitable Band Gap for Solar Cell Applications.

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have attracted great attention over the last few years as potential light-harvesting materials for efficient and cost-effective solar cells. However, the use of lead iodide in state-of-the-art perovskite devices may demonstrate an obstacle for future commercialization due to toxicity of lead. Herein we report on the synthesis and characterization of low dimensional tin-based perovskites. We found that the use of symmetrical imidazolium-based cations such as benzimidazolium (Bn) and benzodiimidazolium (Bdi) allow the formation of 2D perovskites with relatively narrow band gaps compared to traditional -NH3 + amino groups, with optical band gap values of 1.81 eV and 1.79 eV for Bn2 SnI4 and BdiSnI4 respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the optical properties in this class of perovskites can be tuned by formation of a quasi 2D perovskite with the formula Bn2 FASn2 I7 . Additionally, we investigate the change in band gap in the mixed Sn/Pb solid solution Bn2 Snx Pbx-1 I4 . Devices fabricated with Bn2 SnI4 show promising efficiencies of around 2.3 %.

Symmetric quaternary phosphonium cation and perchlorate/chlorate anions: Crystal structure, Database study and Hirshfeld surface analysis

Two new quaternary phosphonium salts of 1,2-ethandiylbis (triphenylphosphonium) Diperchlorate (I), 1,2-ethandiylbis (triphenylphosphonium) Dichlorate (II) were prepared and used for oxidation of different benzylic alcohols to afford their corresponding carbonyl compounds. These new compounds were characterized by IR, NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray analysis. The crystal structure and Hirshfield surface analysis of titled compounds revealed that the change of accompanying anionic moiety can affect the directional interactions of CH⋯O hydrogen bonds between anionic and cationic units which lead to various supramolecular aggregations on the crystal packing. In order to exploring the influence of crystal environment of anionic moieties on the geometry of main symmetric cationic unit, the relative contribution of various close contacts and 2D fingerprint plots of title compounds and twenty three analogous structures retrieved from Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) were investigated through the distortion of tetrahedral coordination geometry of P center of main cationic unit based on τ4 indices.

Non‐Perovskite Hybrid Material, Imidazolium Lead Iodide, with Enhanced Stability

AbstractA systematic study of a new hybrid organic‐inorganic material where the cation has been replaced with imidazolium is presented. Imidazolium lead iodide (ImPI) shares the same stoichiometry of ABX3 as a perovskite, however, it has a hexagonal structure. This material shows a vastly improved thermal stability as compared to the more popular hybrid perovskite, methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPI). ImPI also exhibits a dramatic phase stability as compared to MAPI as demonstrated by the variable temperature XRD data (both low temperature and high temperature). In addition to the enhanced thermal robustness, ImPI shows three times better stability than MAPI under ambient conditions. The stability can be attributed to better packing efficiency of the ImPI lattice which in turn depends on the symmetrical and bulkier organic cation, imidazolium. Optoelectronic measurements were also performed and specifically, unlike for MAPI, photoluminescence measurements of ImPI showcased a broad emission over a range of 500 nm to 900 nm which could be attributed to the presence of self‐trapped excitons and as such this broad emission holds promise for light emitting device applications.

Crystal structure of tetra-kis-(μ2-(E)-2,4-di-bromo-6-{[2-(pyridin-2-yl)eth-yl]imino-meth-yl}phen-olato)trizinc bis-(perchlorate) aceto-nitrile disolvate.

The title compound, [Zn3(C14H11Br2N2O)4](ClO4)2·2CH3CN, crystallizes as a symmetrical trinuclear cation with all three metal atoms being located on a twofold rotation axis. It contains a tetra-hedral ZnII atom that bridges two six-coordinate ZnII atoms. The complex contains N- and O-donor atoms of four tridentate 2,4-di-bromo-6-{[2-(pyridin-2-yl)eth-yl]imino-meth-yl}phenolate ligands. The ratio of ZnII atoms to ligands is 3:4. The two terminal ZnII cations adopt distorted octa-hedral geometries and the central ZnII cation adopts a distorted tetra-hedral geometry. In the cation there are π-π inter-actions between the di-bromo-phenyl rings, as well as halogen-bonding inter-actions between the di-bromo-phenyl rings in the cation, which stabilize its conformation. In addition, there are C-H⋯O inter-actions between the anions and both the cations and solvent mol-ecules as well as C-H⋯N inter-actions between the cation and solvent mol-ecules. These inter-species inter-actions link the cations, anions and solvent mol-ecules into a complex three-dimensional array.

Synthesis and properties of symmetrical N,N′-bis(alkyl)imidazolium bromotrichloroferrate(III) paramagnetic, room temperature ionic liquids with high short-term thermal stability

A series of paramagnetic ionic liquids (PILs) based on N,N′-bis(alkyl)imidazolium bromotrichloroferrate(III), [(Cn)2Im][FeCl3Br] (Im = imidazole; Cn = ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl), was prepared and compared against the more traditional [CnC1Im][FeCl3Br] (C1 = methyl) analogs. Both series were extensively characterized by physical, chemical, and computational methods including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), spectroscopy (FTIR and UV‐vis-NIR), magnetic susceptibility, surface tensiometry, density, and viscosity. The X-ray crystal structure of [(C12)2Im][FeCl3Br] was also obtained. Notably, all ionic liquids prepared in this study show short-term thermal stabilities exceeding 300 °C in air and have melting points equal to or lower than 25 °C, which is surprisingly low for ionic liquids containing symmetrical cations. In addition, all presented ionic liquids have relatively low viscosities allowing for easier transitioning into applications. Physical property trends are discussed.

Acetocatechol functionalized viologen as polyfunctional material that responds to anion, cation and reductant in aqueous and organic solvents

Both viologen and catechol have been studied extensively. However, the stability of catechol-Fe(III) without additional oxidant is still not well understood. In this paper, we introduced acetocatechol into viologen to investigate its interactions with anion, cation, and reductant, as well as the stability of its Fe(III) complexes. This acetocatechol functionalized viologen, 1,1′-bis(2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl)- [4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium chloride (H6V·Cl2) exists in central symmetric ketone cation form in solid state. Viologen cation increased the acidity of the aceto group and deprotonated the enolic proton to form monodeprotonated enolic H5V+ in the presence of anion/base, which had the deepest color in organic solvents. The absorbance maximum of H5V+ increased with the decrease of solvent polarity. It also interacted with B4O72− and MoO42− by forming catechol ester in DMSO solution. The catechol moiety can coordinate to metal ion, especially Fe(III), in both aqueous and DMSO solution. In particular, it coordinated to Fe(III) much more readily in aqueous solution than in DMSO. Green monocatecholato Fe(III) and red-brown bis-catecholato Fe(III) complex also formed in aqueous solution. The monocatecholato Fe(III) complex first-order dimerized in aqueous solution at room temperature but underwent second-order decomposition to Fe(II) complex at 60 °C. The biscatecholato Fe(III) complex also transferred to other Fe(III) complexes at first- and second-order at room-temperature and 60 °C respectively. The t1/2 varied from several hours at room-temperature and several minutes at 60 °C at 10−4 M concentration. The interactions of Fe(III) in DMSO is much more complex than that of acetocatecholate without viologen. Fe(III) can also be reduced to free viologen radicals in the presence of sodium Na2S2O4, but not N2H4. In conclusion, this polyfunctional compound responds to anion via aceto and catechol, metal ion via catechol hydroxyl, while reductant via viologen.