Symmetric Tris Research Articles

A 3D porous zinc MOF constructed from a flexible tripodal ligand: Synthesis, structure, and photoluminescence property

A new metal-organic framework, [Zn 5(trencba) 2(OH) 2Cl 2·4H 2O] ( 1) [H 3trencba= N, N, N′, N′, N′′, N′′-tris[(4-carboxylate-2-yl)methyl]-tris(2-aminoethyl)amine], constructed from a flexible tripodal ligand based on C 3 symmetric tris(2-aminoethyl)amine, has been synthesized hydrothermally and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG, XRD and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound 1 contains an unprecedented linear penta-nuclear zinc cluster fragment. Each ligand links four penta-nuclear fragments, and every fragment links eight ligands to generate a three-dimensional non-interpenetrated porous framework. The uncoordinated water molecules were observed trapped in the void pores. Compound 1 represents the first example of (6,8)-connected 3D bi-nodal framework based on a single kind of organic ligand. The photoluminescence measurements showed that complex 1 exhibits relatively stronger blue emissions at room temperature than that of the ligand.

Synthesis of novel C3 symmetric tris(thiazoline) ligands and their application in the allylic oxidation reaction

A series of novel C 3 symmetric tris(thiazoline) ligands were synthesized from trimethyl nitrilotriacetate and an enantiomerically pure amino alcohol via an efficient route. Compound 7a showed moderate to good catalytic enantioselectivity for the asymmetric allylic oxidation of cycloalkenes.

Mono-, Bis-, and Tris(crown ether)s Assembled around 1,3,5-Triaroylbenzene Scaffolds

A concise and experimentally straightforward method for assembling multiple benzo(crown ether) units around 1,3,5-triaroylbenzene scaffolds has been developed. Symmetrical tris(crown ether)s possessing three benzo(15-crown-5) or three benzo(18-crown-6) peripheral substituents have been prepared in good yield via cyclotrimerization of monomeric enaminones. Efficient cross-cyclotrimerizations have also been demonstrated through construction of unsymmetrical triaroylbenzenes functionalized with only one or two benzo(15-crown-5) moieties. The alkali cation-binding abilities of these mono- and polytopic crown ethers have been probed through picrate extraction experiments and isothermal titration calorimetry. Thermodynamic binding parameters uncovered using the latter technique reveal increasing K+/Na+ selectivity in the benzo(15-crown-5) series of compounds as a function of increasing numbers of benzo(crown) units. The data also indicate that the triaroylbenzene-derived bis- and tris-crown ethers do not engage in intramolecular chelation of cations too large to be accommodated by individual crown macrorings. Instead, cation/triaroylbenzene stoichiometries and binding profiles indicate formation of alkali metal-bridged dimers.

The Electronic Structure of the Tris(ethylene) Complexes [M(C2H4)3] (M=Ni, Pd, and Pt): A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study

In this article we analyze in detail the electronic properties of the D(3h)-symmetric tris(ethylene) complexes of nickel, palladium, and platinum ([M(C(2)H(4))(3)] M=Ni, Pd, Pt). In the case of [Pd(C(2)H(4))(3)] the analysis is based on new experimental IR and Raman spectra for the matrix-isolated molecules and in all cases on the results of quantum-chemical (DFT) calculations. The experimental spectra collected for [Pd(C(2)H(4))(3)] provide evidence for several previously unobserved vibrational modes, including the in-phase and out-of-phase nu(C-C) and delta(CH(2)) modes, and the in-phase nu(M-C) mode. Special consideration is given to possible inter-ligand interactions. The interaction force constant f(CC,CC) between two C(2)H(4) ligands can be directly estimated from the spectra, and its very small value (0.002 N m(-1)) indicates the absence of any significant inter-ligand interaction. An analysis of the topology of the theoretical electron density distribution, rho(r), and the corresponding Laplacian, nabla(2)rho(r), for [Pd(C(2)H(4))(3)] and its lighter and heavier homologues [Ni(C(2)H(4))(3)] and [Pt(C(2)H(4))(3)], respectively, is in full agreement with the conclusions drawn from the experimental results. The combined experimental and quantum-chemical results provide detailed insights in the electronic properties of these prototypical ethylene complexes.

Chloride channels in normal and cystic fibrosis human erythrocyte membrane

Electrophysiological studies on human RBCs have been difficult due to fragility and small size of cells, and little is known of ionic conductive pathways present in the RBC membrane in health and disease. We report on anionic channels in cells of healthy donors (control) and cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Anion channel activity (8–12 pS, linear) was induced in cell-attached configuration by forskolin (50 μM) and in excised inside-out configuration by PKA (100 nM) and ATP (1 mM) but control and CF RBCs differed by their respective kinetics and gating properties. These channels were permeable to ATP (100 mM, symmetrical Tris–ATP). These data suggest either the existence of two different anionic channel types or regulation of a single channel type either by the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) protein or by different cytosolic factors. Another anionic channel type displaying outward rectification (∼ 80 pS, outward conductance) was present in 30% of CF cell patches but was not observed in normal cell patches. The frequently recorded activity of this channel in CF patches suggests a down-regulation in normal RBCs.

Structurally Well‐Defined, Recoverable C3‐Symmetric Tris(β‐hydroxy phosphoramide)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Borane Reduction of Ketones.

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Structurally Well-Defined, Recoverable C3-Symmetric Tris(β-hydroxy phosphoramide)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Borane Reduction of Ketones

Structurally Well-Defined, Recoverable <i>C</i>₃-Symmetric Tris(<i>β</i>-hydroxy phosphoramide)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Borane Reduction of Ketones

Structurally Well-Defined, Recoverable C3-Symmetric Tris(β-hydroxy phosphoramide)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Borane Reduction of Ketones

[reaction: see text] A series of new chiral C(3)-symmetric tris(beta-hydroxy phosphoramide) ligands have been synthesized via the reaction of trisphosphoramide ester and Grignard reagents. The catalytic asymmetric borane reduction of ketones with these new C(3)-symmetric chiral tris(beta-hydroxy phosphoramide)s was investigated. Structurally well-defined, recoverable ligand 1d is an efficient catalyst for the enantioselective borane reduction of both electron-deficient and electron-rich ketones, and high enantioselectivities were achieved (up to 98% ee).

Synthesis of C3‐Symmetric Tris(β‐hydroxy amide) Ligands and Their Ti(IV) Complex‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Alkynylation of Aldehydes.

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2,6,10-Tris(dialkylamino)trioxatriangulenium salts: a new promising fluorophore. Ion-pair formation and aggregation in non-polar solvents

The D3h symmetric tris(dialkylamino)trioxatriangulenium ((R2N)3TOTA+) ions are structurally related to classical stains and fluorophores such as triphenylmethane dyes and rhodamines. New derivatives of (R2N)3TOTA+, in which long flexible alkyl chains surround the planar and rigid aromatic core, have been synthesized and isolated as hexafluorophosphate salts. In contrast to short-chain derivatives of triphenylmethane dyes, the new compounds described here are soluble in hydrocarbon solvents. The photophysical properties of these carbenium salts are investigated. Characteristic alterations of the photophysical properties as a function of solvent polarity, concentration and temperature are observed. A model to rationalize the phenomena is presented comprising three states of aggregation, i.e. freely solvated ions, tight ion-pairs, and dimers of ion-pairs. Reduced symmetry in the tight ion-pairs is held responsible for the observed splitting of the long wavelength absorption band. Exciton coupling in the ion-pair dimers leads to reduced oscillator strength of the S0-S1 transition. The model is supported by semi-empirical calculations of the structures and electronic transitions of the free cation and its ion-pair(s).

First enantioselective non-biological synthesis of asymmetrised tris(hydroxymethyl)methane (THYM*) and bis(hydroxymethyl)acetaldehyde (BHYMA*)

An asymmetric synthesis of a chiral non-racemic ( O-benzyl, O′-silyl) derivative of the latent C 3 v -symmetric tris(hydroxymethyl)methane (THYM*) and of the bis(hydroxymethyl)acetaldehyde (BHYMA*) in 6 steps, 38% overall yield and 7 steps, 36% overall yield, respectively, is described starting from the commercially available 4-nitrobenzoate derivative of 17 . The method involves the Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation and a regioselective copper-mediated oxirane ring opening, as key steps.

Catalytic phosphorylation of polyfluoroalkanols. 17. Synthesis and the stereochemistry of tris(α-trifluoromethylbenzyl) phosphates

Catalytic phosphorylation of α-trifluoromethylbenzyl alcohols with POCl3 taken in a ratio of 3 : 1 under particular temperature conditions afforded predominantly symmetrical tris(α-trifluoromethylbenzyl) phosphates. The latter were obtained as mixtures of two diastereomers with a statistical ratio of the components.

Fullerene Dendrimers and Lipofullerenes with an Inherently Chiral Hexaaddition Pattern

The facile synthesis of enantiomerically pure C3-symmetrical fullerene dendrimers all-R-fA-7, all-S-fC-8, all-R-fC-9, and all-S-fA-10, as well as lipofullerenes all-S-fA-11 and all-S-fC-12 involving an octahedral [3:3] addition pattern is described. The C3 symmetrical tris[bis(4-phenyl-2-oxazoline)methano]fullerenes 1, 2, 3, and 4 with known absolute configuration were used as precursors. The completion of the octahedral addition pattern was achieved by a threefold cyclopropanation with the dendritic 3,5-dihydroxybenzylic bromomalonate 5 and the lipophilic dioctadecyl bromomalonate 6. The absolute configurations of the precursor trisadducts were retained in the inherently chiral C3-symmetrical hexakisadducts 7-12. The structure and the isomeric purity of all hexakisadducts 7-12 were unambiguously proven by NMR spectroscopy and other techniques. Preliminary experiments with the dendritic hexakisadducts all-S-fC 8 and all-S-fA 10 revealed that these macromolecular ligands posess catalytic properties with respect to stereoselective cyclopropanations of styrene with ethyl diazoacetate.

Fullerene Dendrimers and Lipofullerenes with an Inherently Chiral Hexaaddition Pattern

The facile synthesis of enantiomerically pure C3-symmetrical fullerene dendrimers all-R-fA-7, all-S-fC-8, all-R-fC-9, and all-S-fA-10, as well as lipofullerenes all-S-fA-11 and all-S-fC-12 involving an octahedral [3:3] addition pattern is described. The C3 symmetrical tris[bis(4-phenyl-2-oxazoline)methano]fullerenes 1, 2, 3, and 4 with known absolute configuration were used as precursors. The completion of the octahedral addition pattern was achieved by a threefold cyclopropanation with the dendritic 3,5-dihydroxybenzylic bromomalonate 5 and the lipophilic dioctadecyl bromomalonate 6. The absolute configurations of the precursor trisadducts were retained in the inherently chiral C3-symmetrical hexakisadducts 7-12. The structure and the isomeric purity of all hexakisadducts 7-12 were unambiguously proven by NMR spectroscopy and other techniques. Preliminary experiments with the dendritic hexakisadducts all-S-fC 8 and all-S-fA 10 revealed that these macromolecular ligands posess catalytic properties with respect to stereoselective cyclopropanations of styrene with ethyl diazoacetate.

On the preparation of some phospholipid analogues

Several structural analogues of the biocompatible diacyl glycerol phosphatidylcholine family have been prepared. Considerable variation in structure is allowed without impairing the desirable biocompatible properties. In particular, derivatives in which the fatty ester link is replaced by ether links and in which the central glycerol group is replaced by simple variants such as the symmetrical tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane group retain biocompatible properties.

Tris[4-(ferrocenylvinyl)-3-methylphenyl]methylium tetrafluoroborate: a strongly absorbing organometallic near-IR dye

The trigonally symmetric tris[4-(ferrocenylvinyl)-3-methylphenyl]methylium ion 4, a π-conjugated metallocene analog of Crystal Violet, has been prepared and shows strong absorption in the near-infrared region (λmax = 1068 nm).

ChemInform Abstract: Symmetrical Tris(4,6‐diamino‐5‐methylene‐2‐pyrimidones): New Building Blocks for Self‐Assembly of Hollow Spherical Supramolecules Locked by Hydrogen Bonds.

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Electrophilic substitution reactions in trispyrazolediyls, structure of tris(3-methyl-4-isopropyl-1,5-pyrazolediyl)

Halogenation, nitration, and sulfonation of previously obtained tris(1,5-pyrazolediyls) proceeds at position 4 of the pyrazole nucleus with the formation of symmetrical tris(4-substituted 1,5-pyrazolediyls) in quantitative yield. However, only a monoformyltrispyrazolediyl is obtained in the Vilsmeier reaction. An x-ray structural investigation has been carried out on the trispyrazolediyl nucleus of compound (1c).

Symmetrical Tris(4,6-diamino-5-methylene-2-pyrimidones): New Building Blocks for Self-Assembly of Hollow Spherical Supramolecules Locked by Hydrogen Bonds

Concise synthesis of the tris(pyrimidones) 1a,b is described. Molecular modeling study demonstrated that both the prepared models 1a,b are capable of self-assembling under formation of spherical dimers locked by 18 hydrogen bonds. Extreme insolubility in all common solvents precluded investigation of the self-assembly in solution. Circumstantial evidence in favor of the self-assembly has been provided in the solid and gas phase.

Assembly of Carbohydrates on a Nickel(II) Center by Utilizing N-Glycosidic Bond Formation with Tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren). Syntheses and Characterization of [Ni{N-(aldosyl)-tren}(H2O)]2+, [Ni{N,N‘-bis(aldosyl)-tren}]2+ and [Ni{N,N‘,N‘‘-tris(aldosyl)-tren}]2+

Reactions of [Ni(tren)(H(2)O)(2)]X(2) (tren = tris(2-aminoethyl)amine; X = Cl (1a), Br (1b); X(2) = SO(4) (1c)) with mannose-type aldoses, having a 2,3-cis configuration (D-mannose and L-rhamnose), afforded {bis(N-aldosyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-aminoethyl)amine}nickel(II) complexes, [Ni(N,N'-(aldosyl)(2)-tren)]X(2) (aldosyl = D-mannosyl, X = Cl (2a), Br (2b), X(2) = SO(4) (2c); aldosyl = L-rhamnosyl, X(2) = SO(4) (3c)). The structure of 1c was confirmed by X-ray crystallography to be a mononuclear [Ni(II)N(4)O(2)] complex with the tren acting as a tetradentate ligand (1c.2H(2)O: orthorhombic, Pbca, a = 15.988(2) Å, b = 18.826(4) Å, c = 10.359(4) Å, V = 3118 Å(3), Z = 8, R = 0.047, and R(w) = 0.042). Complexes 2a,c and 3c were characterized by X-ray analyses to have a mononuclear octahedral Ni(II) structure ligated by a hexadentate N-glycoside ligand, bis(N-aldosyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-aminoethyl)amine (2a.CH(3)OH: orthorhombic, P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 16.005(3) Å, b = 20.095(4) Å, c = 8.361(1) Å, V = 2689 Å(3), Z = 4, R = 0.040, and R(w) = 0.027. 2c.3CH(3)OH: orthorhombic, P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 14.93(2) Å, b = 21.823(8) Å, c = 9.746(2) Å, V = 3176 Å(3), Z = 4, R = 0.075, and R(w) = 0.080. 3c.3CH(3)OH: orthorhombic, P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 14.560(4) Å, b = 21.694(5) Å, c = 9.786(2) Å, V = 3091 Å(3), Z = 4, R = 0.072, and R(w) = 0.079). The sugar part of the complex involves novel intramolecular sugar-sugar hydrogen bondings around the metal center. The similar reaction with D-glucose, D-glucosamine, and D-galactosamine, having a 2,3-trans configuration, resulted in the formation of a mono(sugar) complex, [Ni(N-(aldosyl)-tren)(H(2)O)(2)]Cl(2) (aldosyl = D-glucosyl (4b), 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucosyl (5a), and 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactosyl (5b)), instead of a bis(sugar) complex. The hydrogen bondings between the sugar moieties as observed in 2 and 3 should be responsible for the assembly of two sugar molecules on the metal center. Reactions of tris(N-aldosyl-2-aminoethyl)amine with nickel(II) salts gave the tris(sugar) complexes, [Ni(N,N',N"-(aldosyl)(3)-tren)]X(2) (aldosyl = D-mannosyl, X = Cl (6a), Br (6b); L-rhamnosyl, X = Cl (7a), Br (7b); D-glucosyl, X = Cl (9); maltosyl, X = Br (10); and melibiosyl, X = Br (11)), which were assumed to have a shuttle-type C(3) symmetrical structure with Delta helical configuration for D-type aldoses on the basis of circular dichroism and (13)C NMR spectra. When tris(N-rhamnosyl)-tren was reacted with NiSO(4).6H(2)O at low temperature, a labile neutral complex, [Ni(N,N',N"-(L-rhamnosyl)(3)-tren)(SO(4))] (8), was successfully isolated and characterized by X-ray crystallography, in which three sugar moieties are anchored only at the N atom of the C-1 position (8.3CH(3)OH.H(2)O: orthorhombic, P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 16.035(4) Å, b = 16.670(7) Å, c = 15.38(1) Å, V = 4111 Å(3), Z = 4, R = 0.084, and R(w) = 0.068). Complex 8 could be regarded as an intermediate species toward the C(3) symmetrical tris(sugar) complexes 7, and in fact, it was readily transformed to 7b by an action of BaBr(2).