Symmetrical Face Research Articles

Evaluating the co-relation between vertical dimension of occlusion and the height of the external ear

Background: Accurate measurement of Vertical Dimension of Occlusion is a very important step for the success of any prosthesis. It maintains the vertical height of the face and overall esthetic appearance of the patient. Various methods have been postulated to determine Vertical Dimension measurements, but no method is more accurate than the other. Aim and Objective: To determine a correlation between the Height of external Ear and vertical dimension of occlusion. Methodology: This study was conducted on 120 dentate subjects (60 males and 60 females) in the age range of 18-25 years. Each participant included, had all teeth present excluding 3rd molars, Class 1 jaw relation, and a harmonious as well as symmetrical face. Anthropometric measurements were recorded clinically in millimeters using a modified digital Vernier calliper. The data was input into a SPSSV.21 statistical software package for analysis. Pearson's correlation coefficient test was utilized to study the correlation. Result: The mean height of external ear was 61.14 mm in males and 58.55 mm in females. The mean vertical dimension of occlusion(VDO) was 62.15 mm in males and 58.55 mm in females. The results showed a significant correlation between the pair. onclusion: This is a novel technique, using height of external ear as a guide, for measurement of VDO.

Homlokmarással előállított síkfelületek érdességi és inhomogenitási vizsgálata

A cikkben acélon szimmetrikus homlokmarással előállított felületeken végzett érdességi vizsgálatokról és inhomogenitási elemzésről számolok be. Ennek során az előtolás és a forgácsoló sebesség hatásainak elemzéseit és megállapításait közlöm, valamint az inhomogenitási jelenség megfigyelésével foglalkozom.

Mechanical behavior of sandwich panels with hybrid face sheets and embedded super-elastic SMA wires under quasi-static loading: An experimental investigation

In this paper the experimental behavior of sandwich panels with hybrid composite face sheets and SMA wires under quasi-static loading test was investigated. The square-shaped sandwich panel was composed of a foam core and hybrid composite face sheets consisted of carbon-epoxy and glass-epoxy laminates, in which pre-strained super-elastic SMA wires were placed between the laminates. Sandwich panels had three types of layouts, with symmetric and asymmetric face sheets and with or without the SMA wires between the layers of the faces of the panel. The panels were subjected to quasi-static loading using the Universal testing machine Zwick 250H. The response of quasi-static loading was presented as force-displacement diagrams for sandwich panels. Moreover, the damage morphology of panels after quasi-static loading test was presented by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the damaged surfaces of the panels were estimated by active infrared thermography of the damage surface. Through comparing the damage level on the sandwich panels, the effect of the presence of the SMA wires, as well as the symmetry or asymmetry of the panel surfaces in reinforcing the structure and reducing the level of damage caused by quasi-static loading were investigated. The comparison of the behavior of the panels under the quasi-static loading test indicated that the use of SMA wires in the front face and the asymmetry of the surfaces were more effective and reinforced by applying more carbon layers in the back face to increase panel resistance.

MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC LYMPHADENOPATHY WITH POOR ORAL HYGIENE IN CHILDREN (CASE REPORT)

ABSTRACTBackground. Lymphadenopathy is a common clinical feeding an anomaly in the size and consistency of lymph nodes. Local bacterial infection causes cervical adenopathy when the lymph nodes responded to local infection. Cervical lymphadenopathy is a common problems in pediatric. Lymph node with more than 10 mm diameter is usually considered abnormal. Lymph node enlargement caused by a chronic infection is known as chronic lymphadenopathy. Objectives. Discovery management of chronic lymphadenopathy in children with poor oral hygiene.Case. A 9-year-old boy came to Pediatric Dentistry Specialist Gusti Hasan Aman Dental Hospital with his parents with a complaint of pain in his right tooth posterior mandible for the last week. The patient had received medication, however the pain still existed. Extraoral examination revealed symmetrical face, a node on the middle neck sizing 30 mm in diameter for 4 years. The lump was treated several times with no progress in size. Intraoral examination revealed a cavity in posterior lower left tooth and painful in the last 5 days without any treatment. Plaque score showed poor oral hygiene.Case Management. Based on extraoral examination, the nodule on the neck reduced in size from 30 mm to 7 mm after treatment with antibiotic, anti-inflammatory medication, dental care and control periodic for oral hygiene management. Conclusion. Early detection and accurate lymphadenopathy diagnosis is important for successful therapy. Oral hygiene improvement can help in the healing process of chronic lymphadenopathy which occurred for 4 years. Keyword: Limphadenophaty chronic, Oral hygiene, Staphylococcus aureus

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF FACE MILLED PARTS WITH ROUND INSERT AT VARIOUS FEED RATES

In the present paper, the variation of surface roughness of machined parts during symmetrical face milling is investigated. During this experimental work, the effect of using a milling insert with a round geometry under various feed rate values on the topography of milled parts is examined. For that purpose, both 2D and 3D surface roughness measurements were performed in three planes parallel to the feed direction, with one of the planes being on the symmetrical plane and the other two being at the same distance from it but in opposite sides. The analysis of the experimental results indicated that although surface roughness increases gradually with increase of feed rate, a considerable increase of surface roughness occurs for feed rate values over 0.4 mm/tooth. Moreover, the overall higher surface roughness values were found to be on the symmetrical plane, which was also more affected by the increase of feed rate than the other two planes.

Numerical analysis of the indoor climate in a Zenith-type greenhouse in the Valle de Santiago region, Guanajuato

The objective of this project was to carry out an analysis of the indoor climate of the greenhouse located in the Valle de Santiago region, Guanajuato. It is a zenith-type greenhouse with two wings with a symmetrical face. An orthogonal mesh was made of 50 nodes (25 nodes for each height) Total Den located in the cultivable area and taking the value at the midpoint of each rectangle considering two heights 0.25m and 1.30m with respect to the ground. Humidity and temperature readings were taken in each of the nodes for three weeks and subsequently a data analysis was made and a comparison with the data collected in the different situations; also the temperature was analyzed with the double sum of Riemann and the rule of the middle point. In conclusion, it was determined that the greenhouse yields heat on warm days, while it receives heat on cold days. This behavior coincides with previous studies; however, it occurs that with the hydroponic method there is a greater growth of the crop.

Liquid and solid states on-chip micro-supercapacitors using silicon nanowire-graphene nanowall-pani electrode based on microfabrication technology

Liquid and solid states on-chip micro-supercapacitors based on polyaniline (PANI) coated on graphene nanowalls which grown on silicon nanowires were reported in this work. Novel micro-fabrication technologies were investigated to create three dimension (3D) hierarchical electrodes. High aspect ratio silicon nanowires were produced by metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE). 3D hierarchical graphene nanowalls were grown on silicon nanowire surface by a microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Graphene nanowalls were subsequently coated by conductive PANI. Both of liquid and solid state micro-supercapacitors were successfully fabricated with symmetric face to face high density nanowire arrays separated by liquid and gel electrolytes, respectively. The areal energy and power density of the liquid-state on-chip micro-supercapacitor are 11.7 μWh/cm2 and 0.42 mW/cm2, respectively, while those of the solid-state on-chip micro-supercapacitor are 10.8 μWh/cm2 and 0.78 mW/cm2.

Investigate the oral health impact and quality of life on patients with malocclusion of different treatment needs

BackgroundThis study compared oral health impacts and QoL among patients with different malocclusion types and a normal population by using self-report questionnaires. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 214 healthy adults were divided into 3 groups: (1) Normal, control group; (2) ORTHO, patients who received orthodontic treatment; and (3) OGS group, patients who received orthognathic surgery (OGS). The timing of measurement were at the initial stage of the orthodontic therapy and before surgery. Two questionnaires and one additional item were used: the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) for QoL, the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) for oral health-related QoL (OHRQOL) and one additional item for aesthetic evaluation. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were used to compare the 3 groups. The effects of 3 malocclusion types, gender, age, and facial asymmetry in the OGS group were also evaluated. ResultsThe ORTHO and OGS groups had higher negative impacts than did the Normal group in the OHIP-14, but not much difference in the SF-36. The item of aesthetics related to oral health impact was the lowest in the OGS group. The patients in the ORTHO group with a Class II malocclusion were most dissatisfied in the SF-36 and OHIP-14. In the OGS group, the women dissatisfied in the OHIP-14 and the aesthetic. The older patients had higher negative impacts in the OHIP-14 than the younger patients. The patients with facial asymmetry did not suffer higher negative impacts than did the patients with a symmetrical face in the SF-36 and OHIP-14. ConclusionsThe majority of the patients who required orthodontics or OGS reported a higher negative impact in the OHIP-14 compared with the normal controls, but not in the SF-36. Class II malocclusion suffered from highest psychological stress and aesthetic sensitivity than the other two subgroups in the ORTHO group.

Alumínium munkadarab homlokmart felületének érdességi vizsgálata az előtolás növelése mellett

A cikk a szimmetrikus homlokmarással elkészített síkfelületek érdességének változását mutatja be az előtolás változásának függvényében. A kísérleteket rombusz alakú gyémánt lapkával végeztük, állandó fordulatszám és fogásmélység mellett. A mérési eredményeket három, az előtolási iránnyal párhuzamos síkban ismertetjük. Elemeztük az érdességi mérőszámok értékeinek változását, illetve az profilgörbéket is.

A 14-years old boy having excessive overjet and traumatic bite

This article has no abstract. The first 100 words appear below: A 14-year-old male came to the outpatient Department with the complaints of proclination of the tooth and inability to close his lips. The patient was psychologically depressed for his facial appearance. Extraoral clinical examination showed a mesocephalic symmetrical face with convex facial profile as well as his lower lip was trapped The nasolabial angle was acute. His mandibular movement was normal and there was no temporomandibular joint dysfunction.

Asimetrik dudağın hyaluronik asit dolgu ile tedavisi

A perfectly symmetrical face is not common in human beings, and different degrees of facial asymmetry are usually present in individuals. However, asymmetric lip appearance may need to be treated, because even minor asymmetries in the central location such as lips may cause psychosocial effects negatively, although this is not apparent in some people.

Lip Prominence Using Different Reference Planes

Introduction: Facial beauty lies on lip prominence which in turn is the reflection of dental and skeletal relation of the jaws beside the lip morphology. Thus, orthodontist has control over lip prominence to enhance beauty by altering skeletal and dental relation. Hence analyzing lip prominence is essential for the success of orthodontic treatment. The aim of the present study is to determine lip prominence using different reference planes and secondly to assess sexual differences in lip prominence.
 Materials & Method: lateral cephalograms of 43 (23 males and 20 females) Brahmins aged 18 - 27 years were collected. They were having dentally: Angle’s Class I molar and canine relation with normal overjet and overbite and skeletally: normal jaw relationship, symmetric face with acceptable facial profile, without craniofacial abnormalities. Linear distance was measured in lateral cephalograms from most prominent point of the lip to reference planes of different analysis system. Comparative test was conducted within Brahmins to check gender diversity at significance level p ≤ 0.05.
 Result: Comparison of lip prominence of male and female Brahmins were found to have no statistically significant differences except for the upper lip to Burstone B line (p ≤ 0.05) and lower lip to Holdaway H line (p ≤ 0.05). When means of males and females were compared males were found to have more protrusive lips.
 The Result of this study indicates protrusive lips of Brahmins compared to the established norms of Caucasians as analyzed with reference plane of different analysis system namely Ricketts, Steiners and Burstones. Sushners analysis showed retrusive lips indicating retrusive lips of Brahmins as compared with Black population.
 Conclusion: During orthodontic treatment planning lip prominence should be emphasized based on gender and ethnicity.

INVESTIGATION OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON FACE MILLED PARTS WITH ROUND INSERT IN PLANES PARALLEL TO THE FEED AT VARIOUS CUTTING SPEEDS

In this paper, the roughness of the surface produced by symmetrical face milling is examined. During the research work, the effect of the use of a round milling insert on the surface topography was studied at different cutting speeds. 2D and 3D surface roughness measurements were carried out in three measurement planes parallel to the feed direction, one of them being the plane of symmetry and the other two planes being at the same distance from it, in both sides. From the analysis of results, it was found that surface roughness decreases significantly for cutting speed values over 100 m/min and then its variation is minimal. Furthermore, higher values of surface roughness are observed in the symmetric plane than the other parallel planes and almost in every case, surface roughness was found to be larger on the entry side plane than the exit side plane.

A hierarchically trained generative network for robust facial symmetrization.

Face symmetrization has extensive applications in both medical and academic fields, such as facial disorder diagnosis. Human face possesses an important characteristic, which is as known as symmetry. However, in many scenarios, the perfect symmetry doesn’t exist in human faces, which yields a large number of studies around this topic. For example, facial palsy evaluation, facial beauty evaluation based on facial symmetry analysis, and many among others. Currently, there are still very limited researches dedicated for automatic facial symmetrization. Most of the existing studies only utilized their own implantations for facial symmetrization to assist their interdisciplinary academic researches. Limitations thus can be noticed in their methods, such as the requirements for manual interventions. Furthermore, most existing methods utilize facial landmark detection algorithms for automatic facial symmetrization. Though accuracies of the landmark detection algorithms are promising, the uncontrolled conditions in the facial images can still negatively impact the performance of the symmetrical face production. To this end, this paper presents a joint-loss enhanced deep generative network model for automatic facial symmetrization, which is achieved by a full facial image analysis. The joint-loss consists of a pair of adversarial losses and an identity loss. The adversarial losses try to make the generated symmetrical face as realistic as possible, while the identity loss helps to constrain the output to have the same identity of the person in the original input as much as possible. Rather than an end-to-end learning strategy, the proposed model is constructed by a multi-stage training process, which avoids the demand for a large size of the symmetrical face as training data. Experiments are conducted with comparisons with several existing methods based on some of the most popular facial landmark detection algorithms. Competitive results of the proposed method are demonstrated.

Solitary Median Maxillary Central Incisor (SMMCI)-Syndrom–mehr als eine Nichtanlage. Ein Patientenbericht

IntroductionSolitary median maxillary central incisor (SMMCI) syndrome is a rare and complex disorder that occurs in 1:50,000 live births. The developmental defects are mainly located in the craniofacial midline, namely: the midline cleft lip palate or congenital nasal malformation. Some of the associated anomalies belong to the holoprosencephaly (failure of the prosencephalon to laterise) spectrum but associated anomalies outside the holoprosencephaly spectrum have also been described. In most severe phenotypes the survival rate is low. Genetic and environmental factors acting between the 35th and 38th day of pregnancy are associated with the anomaly. The relationship of SMMCI to genes implicated in the pathogenesis of holoprosencephaly is still discussed controversially. A SHH missense mutation identified 2001 by Nanni et al. may be associated with SMMCI. SMMCI is characterized by a mostly symmetric central incisor of normal size, located exactly in the midline of the maxilla.Case reportA 9.5-year-old girl was presented at the Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics of Charité Berlin by her father, who was concerned about the single maxillary central incisor. The patient had a non-contributory history. A traumatic loss of one central incisor was ruled out, but a solitary median maxillary central incisor was present in the primary dentition, too. Clinical examination showed dolichofacial, symmetric face with mild hypotelorism, indistinct philtrum and hypoplastic nose. The most striking finding was the presence of a single central incisor that was located in the midline of the maxilla. Additional intraoral findings were the "V"-shaped high palate with an unusual prominent midpalatal ridge and the absence of labial frenulum and incisive papilla. The patient was also evaluated by a geneticist and no mutations of the SHH gene could be identified. According to the CBCT-findings, the midline maxillary suture was fused and therefore rapid maxillary expansion is not a treatment option for this patient. Extractions of the solitary median maxillary central incisor and of 2 mandibular incisors and sub sequent orthodontic space closure was the orthodontic approach followed for this patient.ConclusionFor the clinician it is important to assure an early detection of SMMCI syndrome with consideration of the patient’s needs in term of dental and medical care. Moreover, a multidisciplinary pedodontic, orthodontic and prothodontic treatment plan is necessary to ensure a successful dental treatment. Patients’ and parents’ perception, treatment needs and concerns should be evaluated carefully. In addition, SMMCI is considered one of the microforms of the holoprosencephaly spectrum and it can be associated with more severe anomalies or with a more severe phenotype of holoprosencephaly in the next generation. Therefore, we would like to underline the fundamental role of the dentist in the early diagnosis by identifying and referring these patients to the clinical geneticist for a further evaluation.

Lipophilic chiral cobalt (III) complexes of hexaamine ligands: Efficacies as enantioselective hydrogen bond donor catalysts

Four known chiral enantiopure octahedral cobalt(III) trichloride salts with aliphatic hexaamine ligands are converted to new CH2Cl2 soluble tris(tetraarylborate) or 3BArf− salts (BArf = B(3,5-C6H3(CF3)2)4 in biphasic reactions. These include sepulchrate and sarcophagine complexes in which the hexaamine ligands are bicyclic (Z(CH2NHCH2CH2NHCH2)3Z, Z=N, CX), as well as a truncated sarcophagine in which a missing carbon vertex renders the ligand acyclic and tripodal, with three terminal NH2 groups that define a trigonal C3 symmetric face (CH3C(CH2NHCH2CH2NH2)3). In the presence of tertiary amine bases, these are effective catalysts for two Michael type carbon-carbon bond forming reactions and a related carbon-nitrogen bond forming reaction. However, only the last complex affords significant enantioselectivities (30–57% ee). Rationales, and directions for future catalyst optimization, are proposed.

Ballooning technique for orbital floor fracture reduction in neglected midfacial fracture: a case report

Objective: Midfacial fracture is a fracture that separates maxilla from the middle part of face. Orbital floor fracture includes in midfacial fracture that difficult to treat. The aggravating factor of the treatment are depressed fractures and infection. We use ballooning technique which is inflated in the maxillary sinus to lift fracture segment of orbital floor and to prevent the orbital floor displaced to the maxillary sinus.Methods: There were multiple lacerations at left eye and nose region, post suturing at left zygoma and left cheek region. Intraoral findings there were multiple laceration, then the patient was examined a complete blood count, chest xray, cervical lateral examination, and 3D CT-Scan examination.Results: Examination of head and panoramic xray was performed and showed there was no bone discontinuity, contact and stable fracture segments. Examination of the 5th day post operative showed minimal pus drainage, leukocytes were within normal limits and other lab results were normal. Physical examination showed minimum scar, there was no dehiscence, symmetrical face and drain was performed at left zygoma region, symmetrical orbital, intact and stable occlusion.Conclusion: In this case, ballooning technique was successfully reduced the ruptured orbital floor and obtained good result.Keywords: Ballooning, Fixation, Open fracture, Orbital floor fracture.

Face Recognition with Symmetrical Face Training Samples Based on Local Binary Patterns and the Gabor Filter

In the practical reality of face recognition applications, the human face can have only a limited number of training images. However, it is known that, in general, increasing the number of training images also increases the performance of face recognition systems. In this case, a new set of training samples can be generated from the original samples, using the symmetry property of the face. Although many face recognition methods have been proposed in the literature, a robust face recognition system is still a challenging task. In this paper, recognition performance was improved by using the property of face symmetry. Moreover, the effects of illumination and pose variations were reduced. A Two-Dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform, based on the Local Binary Pattern, which is a new approach for face recognition using symmetry, has been presented. The method has three main stages, preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification. A Two-Dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform with Single-Level and Gaussian Low-Pass Filter were used, separately, for preprocessing. The Local Binary Pattern, Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix, and the Gabor filter were used for feature extraction, and the Euclidean Distance was used for classification. The proposed method was implemented and evaluated using the Olivetti Research Laboratory (ORL) and Yale datasets. This study also examined the importance of the preprocessing stage in a face recognition system. The experimental results showed that the proposed method had a recognition accuracy of 100%, for both the ORL and Yale datasets, and these recognition rates were higher than the methods in the literature.

Symmetric Face Normalization

Image registration is an important process in image processing which is used to improve the performance of computer vision related tasks. In this paper, a novel self-registration method, namely symmetric face normalization (SFN) algorithm, is proposed. There are three contributions in this paper. Firstly, a self-normalization algorithm for face images is proposed, which normalizes a face image to be reflection symmetric horizontally. It has the advantage that no face model needs to be built, which is always severely time-consuming. Moreover, it can be considered as a pre-processing procedure which greatly decreases the parameters needed to be adjusted. Secondly, an iterative algorithm is designed to solve the self-normalization algorithm. Finally, SFN is applied to the between-image alignment problem, which results in the symmetric face alignment (SFA) algorithm. Experiments performed on face databases show that the accuracy of SFN is higher than 0.95 when the translation on the x-axis is lower than 15 pixels, or the rotation angle is lower than 18°. Moreover, the proposed SFA outperforms the state-of-the-art between-image alignment algorithm in efficiency (about four times) without loss of accuracy.

An Improved Two-Step Face Recognition Algorithm Based on Sparse Representation

Weighted score fusion is a widely used score fusion scheme, but the weights need to be set manually. The results generally vary greatly when the weights are different, so it is difficult to find the optimal weights. This is why it is necessary to constantly set different weights for experimental comparisons to find the optimal weights. In this paper, an improved fusion method is proposed for above shortcoming, that is, multiplication fusion applicable to sparse representation. The fusion scheme not only is easy to use but also does not need to be artificially set weights. Moreover, it is consistent with the correlation between the classification error and the score obtained by the experimental analysis. In the field of face recognition, it has been shown that the two-step face recognition (TSFR) based on representation using the original training samples and the generated “symmetric face” training samples can achieve excellent face recognition performance. Face recognition based on multiplication fusion and TSFR proposed in this paper can further improve the recognition accuracy.