Abstract
Introduction: Facial beauty lies on lip prominence which in turn is the reflection of dental and skeletal relation of the jaws beside the lip morphology. Thus, orthodontist has control over lip prominence to enhance beauty by altering skeletal and dental relation. Hence analyzing lip prominence is essential for the success of orthodontic treatment. The aim of the present study is to determine lip prominence using different reference planes and secondly to assess sexual differences in lip prominence.
 Materials & Method: lateral cephalograms of 43 (23 males and 20 females) Brahmins aged 18 - 27 years were collected. They were having dentally: Angle’s Class I molar and canine relation with normal overjet and overbite and skeletally: normal jaw relationship, symmetric face with acceptable facial profile, without craniofacial abnormalities. Linear distance was measured in lateral cephalograms from most prominent point of the lip to reference planes of different analysis system. Comparative test was conducted within Brahmins to check gender diversity at significance level p ≤ 0.05.
 Result: Comparison of lip prominence of male and female Brahmins were found to have no statistically significant differences except for the upper lip to Burstone B line (p ≤ 0.05) and lower lip to Holdaway H line (p ≤ 0.05). When means of males and females were compared males were found to have more protrusive lips.
 The Result of this study indicates protrusive lips of Brahmins compared to the established norms of Caucasians as analyzed with reference plane of different analysis system namely Ricketts, Steiners and Burstones. Sushners analysis showed retrusive lips indicating retrusive lips of Brahmins as compared with Black population.
 Conclusion: During orthodontic treatment planning lip prominence should be emphasized based on gender and ethnicity.
Highlights
Facial beauty lies on lip prominence which in turn is the reflection of dental and skeletal relation of the jaws beside the lip morphology
During orthodontic treatment planning lip prominence should be emphasized based on gender and ethnicity
Analysis of orthodontic treatment focuses on lip prominence along with hard tissue analysis.[1]
Summary
Facial beauty lies on lip prominence which in turn is the reflection of dental and skeletal relation of the jaws beside the lip morphology. Orthodontist has control over lip prominence to enhance beauty by altering skeletal and dental relation. Analysis of orthodontic treatment focuses on lip prominence along with hard tissue analysis.[1] A paradigm shift from hard tissues to soft tissues has been realized in the recent years due to the fact that the dental and skeletal corrections are eventually reflected upon the overlying soft tissue drape.[2] For the purpose many analysis has been put forward like Ricketts E line, Steiners S line, Burstones B line, Holdaways H line and Merrifields Z angle.[3] Later as the analysis was performed in different ethnic groups, ethnic diversity has been proven as in Sushners Su line in Black population.[4] Greater ethnic differences in soft tissue relationship than in skeletal and dental relationship has been reported.[5] Knowing the Brahmins lip prominence with reference to different reference planes holds the clinical value for orthodontic treatment planning
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