Symbolic Thinking Research Articles

A CARVED FIGURE OF SAINT DEMETRIUS OF THESSALONICA IN THE EPONYMOUS AISLE OF THE ASSUMPTION CATHEDRAL OF THE MOSCOW KREMLIN. THE RELIC AND ITS SCULPTURAL EMBODIMENTY

In the article, the author continues her research on the Holy relics and wooden carved sculpture in ancient Russian art in the context of East and West relations. The author draws attention to the current problem of studying the relationship of form formation with the structure of symbolic thinking within the cultural space of the era. Moreover, the author explores historical analytical texts which highlight the problems of sacred synthesis, confirming the author’s conclusions that church space and each object, regardless of its size and sacred significance, originally formed a single whole. In her article, the author proves that the kiot carved statue of St. Demetrius of Thessalonica was made by a Moscow master at the end of the 14th — beginning of the 15th centuries. It was placed in the Demetrius chapel of the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin, signifying, according to Metropolitan Cyprian’s plan, the image of the saint’s “tomb board”, which was brought to Vladimir from Thessalonica in 1197. Restored in the 16th and 17th centuries, the icon of the Thessalonica martyr, from which a golden filigree crown (the end of the 14th — beginning of the 15th century) has been preserved, could have also been commissioned by Cyprian in order to liken the Moscow Assumption Cathedral to the ancient basilica of St. Demetrius, and Moscow to Thessalonica. The only ancient shrine brought to Moscow from Vladimir in the 90s of the 14th century was most likely a Byzantine ark of the 11th century with a particle of St. Demetrius’s “shirt”, which was the main shrine of the basilica. The reconstruction of the “tomb board”, commissioned by Cyprian, in the form of a wooden statue of the saint confirms the opinion that it was a relief. The author draws attention to the polemical problem of interpretation of the phenomenon of Russian church sculpture in the synodal era as a manifestation of pagan beliefs, pointing out that its in-depth study at the end of the 20th — beginning of the 21st centuries made it possible to assert the high spiritual and artistic status of this phenomenon. The author bases her evidence on archival documents, analysis of historical and cultural contexts, and comparative analysis of monuments.

The symbolic thinking ability of kindergarten students in central Aceh through Montessori games based on gender

<span lang="EN-US">Student’s cognitive abilities can be developed early, including thinking logically and symbolically and problem-solving using various methods. Therefore, this quantitative descriptive research aims to determine the symbolic thinking ability of kindergarten students through Montessori games based on gender. The subjects of this study were 112 kindergarten students from eight schools in the Central Aceh district who were selected by random sampling. Data processing techniques include editing, coding, scoring, and tabulation. The analysis was carried out using a frequency table with guidelines for assessing child development. Data were obtained from tests, observations, and interviews. Based on the analysis, it is known that the symbolic thinking abilities of male and female students are at the level of developing as expected. There are still students at the beginning to develop and undeveloped levels for both male and female students in this ability. There are differences in ability between male and female students, especially in indicators: i) Mentioning numbers 1-10 and ii) Counting and matching numbers with number symbols. While on the indicator of recognizing vowel and consonant symbols, there is no difference in ability between male and female students.</span>

Meningkatkan Kognitif Anak Usia Dini melalui Media Flashcard

One of the cognitive abilities of early childhood (AUD) is symbolic thinking, which includes the ability to know, mention, and use the concept of numbers. The cognitive abilities of students of RA Sabilil Huda Sanglar, Reteh have not developed optimally. This study aims at improving students’ cognitive abilities through flashcard media. It is a Class Action Research (CAR), which was carried out in group B RA Sabilil Huda Sanglar, Reteh. This was designed for two cycles, where each cycle consisted of three meetings (two meetings for treatment, and one meeting for tests). Data were collected using observations, tests, and field notes. They were then subsequently analyzed descriptively. Based on the data, it is known that students’ cognitive abilities are at an average of 36.25 (45.31%) with the Start to Develop (SD) category in the pre-cycle, 56 (70%) with the Very Well Developed (VWD) category in the cycle I, and 75.6 (94%) with the Very Well Developed (VWD) category in the cycle II. Thus, the use of flashcard media can improve the cognitive abilities of group B students of RA Sabilil Huda Sanglar, Reteh.

STIMULASI KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR SIMBOLIK MENGGUNAKAN AKTIVITAS PLAYDOUGH PADA KELOMPOK B RA ASHABUL KAHFI KOTA PAREPARE

The purpose of this study was to stimulate symbolic thinking skills using playdough activities in group B RA Ashabul Kahfi, Parepare City. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. Data collection is done by interviews, observation and documentation. Playdought activities can stimulate the ability to think symbolically in group B which includes the ability to say the symbols for numbers 1-10, use the symbols for numbers to count, match numbers with symbols for numbers, recognize various kinds of symbols for vowels and consonants and represent various objects in the form of pictures or writing. Based on the research activities carried out, it was found that there was an increase in children's symbolic thinking skills by using playdough activities.

Symbolism In Mohsin Naqvi's Poetry

Symbolic language is a basic requirement for poetry. Therefore, we can say that in every era, poets have worked with symbolic language and will continue to do so. In such a way that every metaphor is a symbol. For he denotes something beyond himself more than the basic meaning he has formulatedSymbolism is one such way of representation. In instead of directly mentioning emotions and thoughts, these concepts are described through indirect factors. For poets with symbolic thinking, describing the feelings of the inner world rather than the outside world is the basic basis of poetry. Therefore, he considered symbolic expression to be the first in both form and style. The thinking presented topics such as dreams, misery, the mysteriousness of thought, disorder, madness, and nervous tension as symbols. This article deals Symbolism in Mohsin Naqvi's Poetry

The problem of „primeval mind” and symbolic thinking in early anthropological-philosophical approaches.

Problematyka różnych typów myślenia sytuuje się na pograniczu refleksji wielu dyscyplin – filozofii, antropologii i psychologii. Każda z nich prezentuje inne podejście do próby zdefiniowania myślenia. Odnosi się to też do wczesnych sformułowań w rozwoju antropologii pojęcia tzw. „pierwotnego umysłu” i prób określenia specyfiki dokonywanych przez niego operacji. Pojęcie to zostało odrzucone, ale pozostał problem wyodrębnienia pewnych cech myślenia symbolicznego, mitologicznego, figuratywnego czy „myśli nieoswojonej”. Koncepcje związane z tymi pojęciami wskazują na zespół cech wspólnych, np. zasadę pars pro toto czy kojarzenie obiektów na podstawie styczności przestrzennej i wiele innych. Celem badań jest przyjrzenie się kilku takim zbiorom i wskazanie na ich wspólne zakresy.

Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Sentra Persiapan Terhadap Perkembangan Berpikir Simbolik

The research is phenomena where there are gaps in the application of the preparatory center learning model which seems saturated tends to use daily worksheets. Not a few children who are low in the ability to think symbolically in recognizing concept of symbols, letters and numbers. Not yet sensitive to the sound of letters and cannot interpret it in written form. This study aims to determine 1) the level of development of children's symbolic thinking in the experimental class using the preparatory center learning model; 2) the level of development of symbolic thinking in the control class using the group learning model; 3) the difference between the experimental and control classes. The research method uses a quasi-experimental. Subjects were 31 children. Data collection techniques through interviews and observation. Data analysis using partial analysis, normality test, homogeneity and hypothesis. The results development of symbolic thinking experimental class children obtained pre-test score of 57.70 with less qualification and a post-test of 80.8 with very good qualifications. while the control class obtained pre-test score of 57.45 with poor qualifications and a post-test of 75.13 with good qualifications. the difference of 79.8% and remaining 20.2% is influenced by other factors. The results of hypothesis test significance level of 5% tcount=2.847>ttable=2.045. So it is interpreted that Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected, meaning that there is a significant difference between development of children's symbolic thinking through reparatory center learning model and group learning model in class B RA Persis 235 Nasrullah Ujungberung Bandung City

Pengembangan Media Video Pembelajaran Untuk Mengembangkan Kemampuan Berpikir Simbolik Pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun

This study aims to develop the symbolic thinking skills of children aged 5-6 years in Santa Clara Ka Redong Kindergarten using learning video media. This type of research is development research using the ADDIE Model. The ADDIE model consists of several components, namely: analysis, design, develop, implementation and evaluation. The results of the study stated that the use of learning video media can help children aged 5-6 years to develop symbolic thinking skills consisting of: children are able to mention symbols of numbers 1-10, children are able to show symbols of numbers 1-10, children are able to mention symbols of numbers 1-10 sequentially, children are able to use number symbols in counting many images, children are able to use number symbols in summing images, Children are able to use number symbols in subtracting images, Children are able to mention the number of images according to the number symbol, Children are able to show the number of images according to the number symbol, Children are able to match the number of images according to the number symbol, Children are able to mention vowels and consonants, Children are able to mention the number of letters of vowels and consonants, Children are able to name objects, Children are able to represent objects in the form of pictures, The child can represent objects in written form

The Semantic and Artistic Evolution of Images of Nicholas the Wonderworker. Russia and the West

In the article, devoted to the research of the image of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, the author focuses on new trends in the study of ancient Russian art and, above all, in the study of architectural monuments, "minor forms" of liturgical purpose and plastics. The author especially emphasises that at the present stage, the issue of content, the connection of form formation with the structure of symbolic thinking within the cultural space of the era is actively brought to the fore. In this regard, the work of Pavel Florensky, The Church Ritual as a Synthesis of the Arts, is perceived as a program work, proving that church space and each object, regardless of its size and sacred significance, originally formed a single whole. From these positions, it is necessary to study the monuments of ancient Russian plastic art, approaches to the interpretation of which need to be clarified. The material is truly huge and varied: from small plastics in the form of miniature carved icons, folds and panagias to monumental kiot statues, gravestone sculptural images, white stone and wooden crosses. It is in this context that the author explores the evolution of the images of Nicholas the Wonderworker, who is especially revered by the Orthodox Church and particularly in Russia. Analysing the scientific facts in the article, the author argues that the shrine resting in the crypt (the relics of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker) more than once became a living source of many legends, iconographic versions, customs in the veneration of the saint and, most importantly, structural icon models for Russia during the 14th-18th centuries. Apparently, it is no coincidence that in most churches with revered wooden statues of the saint, the main celebrations of St. Nicholas fell precisely on May 9 - in memory of the Translation of the Relics to Bari. Keywords: Nicholas the Wonderworker, relics of Nicholas the Wonderworker, wooden sculpture, medieval painting, sacred image, Bari.

Pengaruh Media Video Animasi terhadap Kemampuan Keaksaraan dan Berpikir Simbolik Anak TK

This study aims to determine the effect of animated video media on literacy and symbolic thinking abilities of group A children in Aisyiyah Kindergarten, Ngunut Tulungagung District. This research was conducted using a quasi-experimental design through a quantitative approach. The experimental design used is a nonequivalent control group design. The research subjects were group A children of TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 3 Ngunut and TK Aisyiyah Pulosari, with a total of 30 children in the experimental group and 30 children in the control group. The data analysis technique in this study used non-parametric statistics, the Mann Whitney test. The results of the study, there are differences in the average value of literacy skills. The average value of literacy ability of the experimental group at the time of the pretest was 1.58 and after being given treatment, the posttest average value of 3.30. While the average value of the ability to recognize patterns in the control group during the pretest was 1.54 and after being treated, the posttest was 2.55. In conclusion, there is an effect of animated video media on children's literacy skills and there is an influence of animated video media on the symbolic thinking ability of group A children in Aisyiyah Kindergarten, Ngunut Tulungagung District.
 
 Keywords: Literacy Ability, Symbolic Thinking Ability, Animated Video Media

Impact of Learning From Home: Cognitive Development of Early Childhood Education Student in Pandemic Covid – 19

The purpose of this research was to determine how the covid-19 epidemic affected early childhood cognitive development. Principals, instructors, parents, and students served as informants in this study. The data collection techniques used in this study were inquiry in interview which were carried out to find out several things related to the impact of Covid-19 on students' cognitive development. The descriptive qualitative method was employed to analyze the data. The findings revealed that the cognitive development students during online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic, fell into the capable and quite capable categories in terms of problem-solving skills, logical thinking skills, and symbolic thinking skills. students' cognitive development is achieved because teachers make every effort to give learning materials or tasks that encourage students' cognitive development. The presence of certain parents who are less supportive or do not participate in the online learning system has another impact on children's cognitive development. Students do not do the assignments given by the teacher because there is no guidance due to busy parents so that there are differences in cognitive development between one student and another

A myth debunked. The Porosphaera globularis beads and their relation to the onset of symbolic thinking in prehistory

Because of their inherent symbolic significance, personal ornaments gained a key role in the scientific debate regarding the emergence and evolution of symbolic behaviour; the presumed Acheulean beads discovered in the nineteenth century in northern Europe’s sites are considered crucial evidence of this. The fossils of the sponge Porosphaera globularis, because of their morphological characteristics, have been interpreted by some archaeologists as the starting point of this evolutionary path. In this work, the largest collection of Porosphaera globularis specimens is analysed, after remaining unpublished to this day. This was originally found in the French site of Saint-Acheul and preserved at the Civic Museums of Modena. An integrated analysis was carried out to understand whether these fossils were indeed used as beads; results revealed that they were actually not used as ornaments. This suggests the importance of finding strong arguments and evidence to support theories about the development of cognitive abilities in the genus Homo.

The Development of the Educational Game to Improve Logical/ Mathematical Intelligence

The purpose of this study was to examine the educational games to improve logical/mathematical intelligence for early childhood education. In this study, logical/mathematical intelligence included the aspects of symbolic thinking, problem-solving, and logical thinking. The educational games were designed to stimulate children to think analytically or to have a higher-order thinking. This study used the ADDIE model. The results indicated that the games were valid and very feasible to use with an average score of 0.88. Additionally, the results of the practicality test of educational games were good. Also, the result indicated that the games had 87% for the effectiveness. Based on the results of the study on three aspects (symbolic thinking, problem-solving, and logical thinking), symbolic thinking and problem solving can be improved independently only with the help of audio, but for the logical thinking aspect, teacher assistance was needed to complete the game.

Eskalasi Kemampuan Kognitif Melalui Imaginative Thingking dan Experience Directly

Cognitive is a child's ability to think or know something. Cognitive development refers to the ability of a child to understand something. Cognitive is a process and product of the mind for knowledge in mental activities such as remembering, symbolizing, categorizing, solving problems, creating, and fantasizing. Given the importance of cognitive development for children, teachers and parents are very important and responsible for carrying out educational interactions in developing students' cognitive abilities. The focus of the research in this study is 1) How to improve the cognitive ability of early childhood in the symbolic thinking aspect?, 2) How to increase the cognitive ability of early childhood in the egocentric thinking aspect?, and 3) How to increase cognitive ability in early childhood in intuitive thinking aspect?. This study indicates the escalation of cognitive abilities in early childhood using number cards with the following details: 1) Improved cognitive abilities of symbolic thinking aspects by using imagination techniques (Imaginative Thinking). 2) Increasing the cognitive ability of egocentric thinking by using imagination techniques and egocentric language (Imaginative Thinking and egocentric language). 3) Increasing cognitive abilities in intuitive thinking aspects, namely by providing direct experience to children (experience directly)

In Search of a Neural Model for Serial Order: A Brain Theory for Memory Development and Higher Level Cognition

In order to keep trace of information and grow up, the infant brain has to resolve the problem about where old information is located and how to index new ones. We propose that the immature prefrontal cortex (PFC) uses its primary functionality of detecting hierarchical patterns in temporal signals as a second feature to organize the spatial ordering of the cortical networks in the developing brain itself. Our hypothesis is that the PFC detects the hierarchical structure in temporal sequences in the shape of ordinal patterns and uses them to index information hierarchically in different parts of the brain. Henceforth, we propose that this mechanism for detecting ordinal patterns participates also in the hierarchical organization of the brain during development; i.e., the bootstrapping of the connectome. By doing so, it gives the tools to the language-ready brain for manipulating abstract knowledge and for planning temporally ordered information; i.e., the emergence of causality and symbolic thinking. In this position paper, we will review several neural models from the literature that support serial ordering and propose an original one. We will confront then our ideas with evidence from developmental, behavioral, and brain results.

Autistic twisted loops

ABSTRACT The paper describes a deceptive kind of autistic encapsulation, charact-erised by pseudo-internal space and distortions in the normal development of psychophysical space. It introduces the metaphor of loops as spatial-temporal organisations that illuminate three aspects of autistic encapsulation, two of which were first described by Frances Tustin. Three types of loops – simple, twisted and double-twisted – are explored. The paper delineates the double-twisted loop as an additional and more complex manifestation, typical to post-autistic organisation. Here, symbolic thinking and communication function as a disguise, obscuring the child’s trajectory on an infinite continuum that folds around itself, thus denying the potential for separateness and preventing the accumulative realisation of mental space. Using two clinical vignettes, the author shows how such a presentation leaves the therapist in danger of being tempted by the child’s pseudo-internal world, while remaining dissociated from their developmental needs.

Закрытые и открытые структуры в традиционных женских обрядах

Women’s initiatory rituals or women’s rites of passage in which the status of a woman changes is one of the least studied areas in cultural anthropology and history. The reason is the closeness of this sphere from the external view, especially from the view of an outside male researcher. Ethnographic information is usually rather scarce and contradictory, and historical information is almost absent. Some exception, perhaps, is the wedding ceremony, which marks the most important stage in a woman’s life in traditional society and is reflected in the literature more widely. It would be interesting to reconstruct the system of women’s rituals as a whole, but based on the available material this is a difficult task. The article has a more modest goal — to try to reveal the “logic” of symbolic thinking, which manifests itself in women’s rituals of transition on the example of a wedding ceremony. According to our hypothesis, the status of an unmarried girl is characterized by closed structures, a closed contour, for example, the side strands of hair “tulym” are woven into one braid, the bride’s earrings are connected by a chain. After marriage, the structures open, the circuit opens, for example, “tulym” is braided into two separate braids, and the chain connecting the earrings is removed. The reasoning of the archaeologist E.R. Usmanova and her co-authors about the gender symbolism of a medieval Turkic female statue became the impetus for revealing this “logic”. The symbolism of the knees of the girlish stone image brought together and the relaxed position of the legs of the statue of a nursing woman is obvious. It can be assumed that it was this symbolism that was developed in other open and closed structures associated with women’s rites

LSD and creativity: Increased novelty and symbolic thinking, decreased utility and convergent thinking.

Controversy surrounds psychedelics and their potential to boost creativity. To date, psychedelic studies lack a uniform conceptualization of creativity and methodologically rigorous designs. This study aimed at addressing previous issues by examining the effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on creativity using multimodal tasks and multidimensional approaches. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 24 healthy volunteers received 50 μg of LSD or inactive placebo. Near drug peak, a creativity task battery was applied, including pattern meaning task (PMT), alternate uses task (AUT), picture concept task (PCT), creative metaphors task (MET) and figural creativity task (FIG). Creativity was assessed by scoring creativity criteria (novelty, utility, surprise), calculating divergent thinking (fluency, originality, flexibility, elaboration) and convergent thinking, computing semantic distances (semantic spread, semantic steps) and searching for data-driven special features. LSD, compared to placebo, changed several creativity measurements pointing to three overall LSD-induced phenomena: (1) 'pattern break', reflected by increased novelty, surprise, originality and semantic distances; (2) decreased 'organization', reflected by decreased utility, convergent thinking and, marginally, elaboration; and (3) 'meaning', reflected by increased symbolic thinking and ambiguity in the data-driven results. LSD changed creativity across modalities and measurement approaches. Three phenomena of pattern break, disorganization and meaning seemed to fundamentally influence creative cognition and behaviour pointing to a shift of cognitive resources 'away from normal' and 'towards the new'. LSD-induced symbolic thinking might provide a tool to support treatment efficiency in psychedelic-assisted therapy.

Narrative: Event, Temporality, Sequence

A narrative is traditionally defined as a sequences of events. While narratologists may disagree on what a relevant narrative event would be, no one argues about what a sequence is. Sequence is taken to be a fundamental notion that is self-explanatory and directly given to our intuition. I suggest, however, that it is interesting to look more closely at sequence in order to understand narrative temporality, because there is a distinct sense that it is somewhere “within” sequence that temporality resides. In order to do this, I first try to isolate the concept of pure sequence with the help of John McTaggart’s analysis of temporal and atemporal series and apply it to narratives. I then take a close look at an experimental film, Happy End by Oldřich Lipský from 1966, that runs backwards and thus reverses the normal sequence. By tracing how moments of confusion and disorientation on the part of the viewers arise in connection to this reversal, I speculate, firstly, that our grasp of sequentiality is deeply embodied, rooted in the phenomenology of movement with its predictive cognitive component; and secondly, that the phenomenological aspect is intrinsically bound up with the symbolic aspect of thinking in patterns, which is also predictive. In the last part of my paper, I introduce the theory of Generative Anthropology, which hypothesizes about the origin of language, and situate the phenomenological and symbolic components of sequentiality in the originary anthropological structure of deferral. Thus I show that sequence is not some a priori mathematical category of pure reason, but a concept that is inherent in language and symbolic thinking.

ГЕОМЕТРО-ДИНАМИЧЕСКАЯ ОБРАЗНОСТЬ В СТРУКТУРЕ МНОГОЯЗЫЧИЯ ПСИХИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ

Within the framework of the problem of the interaction of linguistic and figurative systems in human cognitive activity, the role of language competence and conceptualization in the understanding of information is substantiated. The role of concepts that mediate speech-thinking activity and the possibility of their experimental study by the method of graphic visualization are described. The idea that geometro-dynamic imagery is the sensory-spatial basis of symbolic thinking is substantiated.