Symbolic Names Research Articles

Invariant neural architecture for learning term synthesis in instantiation proving

The development of strong CDCL-based propositional (SAT) solvers has greatly advanced several areas of automated reasoning (AR). One of the directions in AR is therefore to make use of SAT solvers in expressive formalisms such as first-order logic, for which large corpora of general mathematical problems exist today. This is possible due to Herbrand's theorem, which allows reduction of first-order problems to propositional problems by instantiation. The core challenge is synthesizing the appropriate instances from the typically infinite Herbrand universe.In this work, we develop a machine learning system targeting this task, addressing its combinatorial and invariance properties. In particular, we develop a GNN2RNN architecture based on a graph neural network (GNN) that learns from problems and their solutions independently of many symmetries and symbol names (addressing the abundance of Skolems), combined with a recurrent neural network (RNN) that proposes for each clause its instantiations. The architecture is then combined with an efficient ground solver and, starting with zero knowledge, iteratively trained on a large corpus of mathematical problems. We show that the system is capable of solving many problems by such educated guessing, finding proofs for 32.12% of the training set. The final trained system solves 19.74% of the unseen test data on its own. We also observe that the trained system finds solutions that the iProver and CVC5 systems did not find.

Consequences of Symbolic Names and Meanings of Ghanaian Fabric on Consumer Purchase Intention

Consequences of Symbolic Names and Meanings of Ghanaian Fabric on Consumer Purchase Intention

FQN Inference in Partial Code by Prompt-tuned Language Model of Code

Partial code usually involves non-fully-qualified type names (non-FQNs) and undeclared receiving objects. Resolving the FQNs of these non-FQN types and undeclared receiving objects (referred to as type inference) is the prerequisite to effective search and reuse of partial code. Existing dictionary-lookup based methods build a symbolic knowledge base of API names and code contexts, which involve significant compilation overhead and are sensitive to unseen API names and code context variations. In this article, we propose using a p rompt-tuned c o de m asked language mod e l (MLM) as a neural knowledge base for type inference, called POME, which is lightweight and has minimal requirements on code compilation. Unlike the existing symbol name and context matching for type inference, POME infers the FQNs syntax and usage knowledge encapsulated in prompt-tuned code MLM through a colze-style fill-in-blank strategy. POME is integrated as a plug-in into web and integrated development environments (IDE) to assist developers in inferring FQNs in the real world. We systematically evaluate POME on a large amount of source code from GitHub and Stack Overflow, and explore its generalization and hybrid capability. The results validate the effectiveness of the POME design and its applicability for partial code type inference, and they can be easily extended to different programming languages (PL). POME can also be used to generate a PL-hybrid type inference model for providing a one-for-all solution. As the first of its kind, our neural type inference method opens the door to many innovative ways of using partial code.

Masking death: Covid-19 inspired humour in the everyday orality of a Luo community in Kenya

Death, especially death which comes through disease, is often a hard subject that the human mind wishes to bury deep in the unconscious. The lack of ease with impending death eventually finds expression in everyday discourse. In this paper I look at performance of Covid-19 discourse through humour in a short episode of everyday orality of a Luo community in Uyoma, Siaya, in Kenya. The performance of the everyday language is textualized to display the aesthetics of contextual language through coinage, jokes, and puns, which manifest as humorous responses to an otherwise dire situation. From the feminising of the disease as Acory Nyar China, literally translated as “the petite Cory from China”, to the symbolic naming of aspects of the Covid-19 protocols and verbal jokes about the same, there is an inherent, deliberate attempt to literally laugh in the face of death. The identified aspects of language are treated as metaphorical masks, even as the mask as an object also becomes a metaphor. I employ discourse analysis, which treats language as living social phenomena capable of change, growth, expansion, and adaptation for contextual spatial and temporal expressions.

A Practical Group Symbol and Group Name Approach (PSNA) according to EN ISO 14688-2:2018

Classification systems are crucial to the description and classification of soils, helping to facilitate soil identification, as well as the understanding, and interpretation of soil materials worldwide. In this study, EN ISO 14688-2:2018 and ASTM D2487-17e1 were employed to develop a practical soil identification approach called Practical Group Symbol and Group Name Approach (PSNA). The method presented herein is not a classification system or a standard but is rather an approach that makes EN ISO 14688-2:2018 usable in practice and enables soil particle identification in detail. The use of this practical method can eliminate any ambiguity in communicating soil characteristics. Practical flow charts were prepared for defining group names and symbols of soil particles. The method enables the classification of gravel, sand, silt, clay, and organic material. A user-friendly macro was also developed in Microsoft Excel, utilizing the integrated programming language Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) to facilitate the implementation of this approach. In the present study, an Excel-based triangular diagram was developed. In addition to the triangular diagram, two charts were considered. From these contributions, the group symbol and group name of soil mixtures can be easily and practically defined.

Guardians of Tradition: The Vital Role of Ochai (Shaman) in Preserving Ancient Wisdom.

This paper analyses the role and importance of Ochai (Shaman) in the daily life of the commoners, particularly of the Jamatia tribe, the word ‘Ochai’ is a Kokborok term meaning ‘Shaman’. Shamanism is not confined to a single country or region. It is a widespread phenomenon, existing in various forms across the globe. For instance, in the forests of the Amazon, indigenous tribes have their own shamans, known as “curanderos” in Spanish, who use plant medicines like ayahuasca to heal and connect with the spiritual realm. In Africa, the Sangoma and Inyanga of South Africa’s Zulu culture serve as spiritual healers and diviners. The Shaman known as Ochai in the Jamatia tribe is the High Priest of the community, a mediator between the gods and the devotees. A man who performs miracles by chanting mantras and offerings. Ochai is also revered as the bringer of godly peace and blessings, any rituals, festivals, pujas, or social gatherings, including childbirth and marriage, are incomplete without his blessing. Traditionally, the Ochai served as a healer and spiritual guide for the tribe. They were believed to have a special connection with the spiritual realm and possessed the ability to communicate with spirits and deities. The Ochai played a crucial role in understanding and interpreting natural and social phenomena that affected the tribe. They were considered to be the mediators between humans and other beings, including animals and spirits. This paper will highlight some of the Mantras used during the ritual ceremonies of the jamatia tribe including the symbolic names of the animals and witches used by the Ochai.

A Study on the Symbolic Meaning of Territorial Names in Disputes Between China and Its Neighboring Countries — Taking the Diaoyu Islands as an Example

The territory in disputes between two countries often has different names. China and Japan have different names for Diaoyu Islands. It is called Diaoyu Islands in China, and Senkaku Islands in Japan. From the perspective of meaning reference theory, this paper analyzes the meanings behind the different symbolic names of Diaoyu Islands in China and Japan, the reasons and the impact of their use. Based on meaning reference theory and from the perspective of linguistic philosophy, this paper aims at proving that Diaoyu Islands is China’s inherent territory and further enriching relevant studies on meaning reference theory by applying it to political field.

Лексико-семантичне поле «відповідальність»в українському поетичному дискурсі періоду війни

Introduction. The reality of a full-scale war caused drastic changes in the language and language consciousness of Ukrainians. The modern poetic dictionary demonstrably reflects these changes and makes it possible to establish the time marking of the texts, to differentiate them chronologically as those created "before" and "after" February 24, 2022. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to characterize the lexical-semantic field of «responsibility» in the Ukrainian poetic discourse of the war period. Results. A cognitive-textual analysis of poetry written during the Russian-Ukrainian war records an intensive renewal of the corpus of key concepts for modern language thinking. Significant recent trends were observed in the lexical-semantic development of the concept of «responsibility». It was established that its component content, directions of textual and associative branching correlate with the methodologically important concepts of memory and history. Іn particular, when comparing the present and the future (as components of history) in connection with the social, collective need to condemn and punish the perpetrators of the war, the motif of the historical and personal responsibility of the Russian aggressors for the war crime against Ukraine and the Ukrainian people was fully expressed. One of the most important segments of the Ukrainian linguistic and poetic picture of the world during the war is the lexical-semantic field «responsibility». In addition to the name of the field, the core zone of LSF «responsibility» is formed by the nominations forgiveness / non- forgiveness, punishment, trial, sentence, revenge, retribution. It also includes precedent expressions blood for blood, death for death, symbolic proper names Nuremberg, The Hague. Conclusion. The lexical-semantic field «responsibility» is one of the determining for Ukrainian war poetry. The рerspective of continuing this scientific direction is connected with the need for in-depth linguistic knowledge and description of poetry of the war period and about the war, in particular with the need to systematically stratify a poetic dictionary updated in accordance with modern conditions, which demonstrably records the changes in the linguistic thinking of modern Ukrainians.

Cardiorespiratory fitness is an important marker of cognitive performance in older Latin Americans

AbstractBackgroundOur previous research with older non‐Hispanic whites demonstrated that with increasing cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) there was a concomitant linear increase in processing speed (PS) performance. PS has also been found in a number of reports as a potential precursor to memory decline associated with Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive aging. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the same cognitive benefits imbued by CRF generalize within a healthy Latino aging community living in Costa Rica (CR).Method415 community dwelling older adults (315 CR and 100 non‐Hispanic whites living in the United States) with a mean age of 71 (SD = 5.29) years old were recruited from the Epidemiology and Development of Alzheimer’s Disease (EDAD), a large international study of Latino cognitive aging. Participants completed neuropsychological testing and a graded treadmill exercise stress test. We compared the relationship between Oxygen Uptake Efficiency Slope (OUES) and a composite measure of PS (Digit Symbol, Block Design, and Stroop Color Naming). Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted.ResultCRF (OUES) significantly predicted PS within the CR (B = 0.50; p < .001) group and non‐Hispanic white (B = 0.25; p < .05) group after controlling for age and sex. The relationship between CRF and the PS factor showed a non‐significant misfit when the relationship was constrained to be equal on both groups (χ² (1) = 0.39, p = 0.53), hence the relationship is equivalent between groups.ConclusionIn a healthy sample of older individuals living in CR we found the same score profile and interrelationships that were identified among non‐Hispanic whites living in the United States. CRF and PS are clinically meaningful therapeutic targets for dementia prevention among older Latin Americans.

Introducing the Methodology of ‘Critical Fashion Practice’ into Fashion Design Studies in Croatia

Since the advent of mass production, where the quantity of clothing reflects the consumption habits of society, fashion has become a reflection of the capitalist atmosphere. The reciprocity of society and fashion begin to occupy and initiate all the intense theoretical discussions that lead to the emergence of new branches of scientific research in the social-humanist field. The two most important scientific field are the history of fashion and fashion theory, whose analyses focus on the role of clothing as part of material culture conditioned by the political, social, economic and religious context. These two branches of science are increasingly becoming the focus of fashion design students in the education system. As a result, the above disciplines are included as separate compulsory subjects in the fashion design programme, developing strong theoretical skills at the expense of practical production and collection making. This approach represents a significant departure from the curricula of previous fashion design programmes, where the conditioning of the profession by political, economic, technological and social impulses was evident. In 2014, the former Centre for Fashion Studies at the Stockholm College highlighted the problem of a strong dichotomy between theoretical and fashion design courses in fashion design programmes and organised a symposium entitled ‘Fashion Issues: Critical Fashion Studies’. Based on his guidelines, the project ‘Critical Fashion: Reflections in Theory and Practice’ was developed as part of the degree programme at Beckmans College of Design in Stockholm, resulting in a highly discursive internet platform with the symbolic name ‘Critical fashion practice’. The aim of the new approaches was to rethink the importance of theoretical approaches in observing fashion production based on reflection of social relations, media images and personal experiences. This paper analyses the contribution of the platform ‘Critical fashion practice’ in the context of theoretical-practical teaching for fashion design students at the Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb.

A novel operational modality classification method based on image joint contrast

In the industry process, the operation of the operator contains rich operating experience, which can be divided into different operating modes according to different working conditions. The traditional division of operating modes often only starts from the current state or process knowledge, lacking comprehensive data extraction and understanding, which may lead to inaccurate modal classification or modal omission. When modal classification is performed based on pictures, the classification will be inaccurate due to the missing or errors of picture labels or text information. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a new operation modality classification method based on joint image contrast (OMC-JIC). First, the time series data is symbolized by the method of symbolic approximate aggregation (SAX). The variable curve corresponding to the current symbol is used as a picture, while the variable value is stored as text information. Then the symbolic data name can be regarded as the label of the above image. Finally, we can use the operation modality classification method proposed in this paper to train and test the images with labels and text information, and final operation mode classification results are obtained. In order to further verify the effectiveness of the proposed OMC-JIC method, an industrial methanol production process is considered in this paper to test the methodology, and the proposed OMC-JIC method could receive better classification results and operational assistance comparing with other methods.

Pillage as the Political Economy of the Kurdish Anfal Genocide

Scholars are critical of how economists overlook “the questions of genocide,” and of how legislatures have not paid adequate attention to the subject of looting, except in the case of the Armenian genocide. This article, informed by interdisciplinary perspectives, uses government documents, data, and semi-structured interviews to discuss the overlooked triangle of looting, economics, and the Anfal genocide of the Kurds in Iraq. The study refuses to limit itself only to the eight stages of the Anfal genocide that started in 1988, and instead offers data on its preliminary phases which occurred earlier in the 1980s. It then discusses the multidimensional political economy of the Anfal genocide and argues that (a) the legalized plundering of spoils of warby the Ba’ath regime served as a political economic strategy to justify the Anfal genocide; (b) Saddam Hussein utilized economic prospect theory—putting a higher emphasis on imagined gains than on losses—by maximizing revenue and minimizing the cost of the genocide; and (c) Saddam’s use of symbolic religious names and Qur’an verses did not demonstrate his religious commitment, but rather aimed to foster and restore the cultural legacy of looting among ordinary people. The article focuses on rewards, in the form of economic capital earned from looting and confiscations, as goals that aided the effective execution of the Anfal genocide and promoted divisions within urban Kurdish society but that failed to deracinate Kurdish resistance culture.

A toponímia múltja és jelene különös tekintettel budapest VI. És XIII. Kerületében

Place names are a vital part of our everyday lives because when we travel, we can determine the position of a place based on street names. Naming is in the hands of political power so it is worth observing the elements of the toponymical structure with a critical eye. Whether commemorative street names reflect the historical perspective of a broader or a narrower social group makes a difference, because if the latter prevails, alternative place names can easily be born. In my study, I would like to present some of the different lines of research on place names and briefly describe case studies of foreign countries and cities that highlight the different attributes of toponymy. I will then summarize the past and present of place names in Budapest followed by a qualitative and quantitative analyses of the 6th and 13th districts of the capital. Terézváros has a number of symbolic street names which were renamed in times of political change. The 13th district consists of several neighbourhoods with different toponymical structures, which offers us interesting research opportunities.

А. П. ЧЕХОВ И В. А. КАВЕРИН: ДВА МОНТИГОМО

The present article covers the results of the comparative analysis of the short story "Boys" by A. Chekhov and "The Two Captains" by V. Kaverin whose protagonists both go by the same symbolic name Montigomo the Hawk Pounce. Similar treaits in the images of Chechevitsyn and Sanya Grigoriyev are singled out, similar for the two works motifs of escaping and reading are highlighted, quotational allusions are located. Despite the fact that the appearance of Montigomo in Chekhov's text is traditionally attributed to the historical realia (the writer's contemporary had a quite similar nickname), the article suggests to look for possible prototypes of that name's in the classical adventure literature. The author suggests that the typological similarities between the texts are rooted not only in the reception of the Native American novels in the 19th-century Russia but also by the style of A. Chekhov influencing the formation of V. Kaverin's artistic principles that are emphatically oriented to the literary tradition.

Лингвопрагматические и этнокультурные особенности аграрного нейминга (на примере названий сортов огурцов)

Studies of the peculiarities of naming in agriculture is important due to both extralinguistic factors (the development of breeding, international relations in agricultural science and practice) and linguistic ones (the specifics of creating names of varieties of vegetables, fruits, etc. have not been given much focus). The purpose of the study is to determine the linguistic and ethno-cultural features of agricultural naming in Russia. The work uses interdisciplinary approach consisting of semantic analysis and linguistic and cultural description. The names of one of the most popular vegetables in Russia - the cucumber - were chosen as the research material. The conducted analysis allows us to draw the following conclusions: less than half of the names are identifying motivated names. The most representative ones are the identifying motivations "place of selection", "high quality", "size" and "color". The main linguistic means of forming the names of varieties include diminutives, metaphorical models and allusions. In the conditionally symbolic names, in the aspect of motivation, we can observe ethno-cultural specificity actualized through the vocabulary of the thematic groups "Russian family traditions", "family", "military ranks", "heroes of films and cartoons", "titles of crowned persons", "sports", "manager in the professional sphere", "reference qualities of a man", and nationally labeled anthroponyms, phraseological units and national cultural realities. The names of varieties of vegetables (cucumbers) as commercial names, have a number of peculiar features. Firstly, this is due to the fact that these names of varieties are given mainly by plant breeders who are not specialists in naming. Secondly, these advertising names simultaneously address two target audiences - agricultural specialists and amateur gardeners. Typical for the names of cucumber varieties are special markers, for example, numbers, as well as abbreviations that are understandable only to breeders. A large number of hybrids appearing annually need to be registered, which results in many similar names.

Философия и идеология (к столетию «Философского парохода»)

The article is an extended version of the introductory speech to the international conference dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the “Philosophers’ Ship”. It contains an event that began with the expulsion (forced sending abroad on steamboats) by decision of the top political leadership in 1922 from Soviet Russia of a large group of intelligentsia, including a number of prominent philosophers, and ended with the actual recognition by the same political autho­rity of the fallacy of this act. The author proposes to consider this event, which received the symbolic name of the “Philosophers’ Ship”, as a single (integral) process and at the same time as a historical experiment in elevating a certain philosophy (dialectical materialism) to the rank of state ideology. It is shown that the negative result of this experiment is important for understanding the na­ture of the interaction between philosophy and ideology as different forms of so­cial consciousness. They have a common area of intersection, but an attempt to merge them completely inevitably leads to mutual collapse, the most impor­tant consequence of which the author considers is the revival of the pluralism of philosophical teachings in the country. The symmetry between the expulsion of the “Philosophical Ship” and its return is emphasized. The most important outcome and socially significant lesson of this epoch-making event is the need for such an organization of the space of spiritual life, which by its very nature opposes the elevation of a certain philosophical doctrine, regardless of its qua­lity, to the rank of state ideology.

Development of Pilgrimage Tourism in Pashupat-Kshetra at Different Festivals

Pilgrimage tourism is a holistic phenomenon which provides religious and secular foundations for the development of tourism sites. This paper aims to analyse the development of pilgrimage tourism in Pashupat-Kshetra, a holiest place of Nepal situated in the Kathmandu valley. Pashupat-Kshetra is the place of Lord Shiva and an important pilgrimage site especially for the Saivism community. Shaivism is considered as the most ancient religion of Aryans and Hindus. Lord Shiva is known as the owner of the open field and the husband of the animal or Pashupat. Overtime, Pashupat became special name of Pashupati as a symbolic name of Lord Shiva. This paper has used mixture of qualitative and quantitative approaches. Relevant information were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were collected from field survey through counting of tourist flow, observation, tourist interactions and key informant survey. Secondary data were collected from published and unpublished documents including Shivapuran and e-resources. The findings show that thousands of pilgrims come to visit Pashupat-Kshetra from different countries. They not only visit for Shiva Lingadarsan at different fairs and festivals, but also visit it other temples around the Pashupat-Kshetra. They also observe idols of gods and goddesses, art and architecture, festivals, regular and occasional worship, Pradakshina etc. as well to study scriptures of Eastern philosophy. However, pilgrims face a lot of problems due to lack of different types of service facilities that support to tourism carrying capacity.

Семиозис символа ГОРОД в лирике А. Блока

The paper analyses the symbolic naming units “city”, “urban” in A. Blok’s lyric poetry. The purpose of the study is to identify the uniqueness of the individual author’s use of the “city” symbol in different periods of his creative work and the invariant components of the symbol’s semantics. Scientific novelty of the paper lies in the fact that it is the first to identify three stages in the development of the “city” symbol in A. Blok’s lyric poetry, to determine the structure of the symbolic image, including 1) sensory perception of the city (colour, light, sound, temperature and weather); 2) objects that organise urban space; 3) the state of the city and citizens; 4) emotional and evaluative characteristics; to highlight the meanings associated with the symbolic image at each stage of its evolution; to identify the invariant components of the symbol’s semantics. It has been found that the city is a reflection of the persona’s inner world, his dark, nocturnal side in 1897-1902; the city is a symbol of a dying civilisation, a centre of vice and a symbol of the universe in 1903-1906; after 1907, the symbol absorbs both the microcosm and the macrocosm. It is a reflection of the persona’s inner world, his spirit destroyed by the elements, but it is also a ruin, a ghost of the old world swept away by the same element and it is the element itself, which is a worldwide snowstorm.

Shakespearean Intertextuality in Mahmoud Darwish: The Otherness of the Proper Name in Darwish and Rita and Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet

ABSTRACT This article examines Shakespearean intertextuality in the Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish’s selected literary pieces so as to reflect upon the relationship between him and the Israeli other who bears the symbolic name Rita. We contend that in the poems and prose passages that Darwish dedicated to his beloved Jewish woman, Tamar Ben Ami, Darwish refers to her using the pseudonym Rita to fictionalise his love to her in ways that mirror Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. Inspired by Derrida’s concepts of the name and identity and Althusser’s theory of interpellation, we argue that the impossible love between Mahmoud Darwish and Tamar Ben Ami, like that of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, is linked to the otherness of the proper name, the site of one’s personal and collective identity. We demonstrate that both the protagonists of Shakespeare’s fictional world and Mahmoud Darwish and Tamar Ben Ami (Rita) are trapped by their names which allocate them to warring families and national identities, functioning as alienating cultural and political forces upon their bearers.

Landscape and age dynamics of immune cells in the Egyptian rousette bat.

Bats harbor high-impact zoonotic viruses often in the absence of disease manifestation. This restriction and disease tolerance possibly rely on specific immunological features. In-depth molecular characterization of cellular immunity and imprinting of age on leukocyte compartments remained unexplored in bats. We employ single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and establish immunostaining panels to characterize the immune cell landscape in juvenile, subadult, and adult Egyptian rousette bats (ERBs). Transcriptomic and flow cytometry data reveal conserved subsets and substantial enrichments of CD79a+ B cells and CD11b+ Tcells in juvenile animals, whereas neutrophils, CD206+ myeloid cells, and CD3+ Tcells dominate as bats reach adulthood. Despite differing frequencies, phagocytosis of circulating and tissue-resident myeloid cells and proliferation of peripheral and splenic lymphocytes are analogous in juvenile and adult ERBs. We provide a comprehensive map of the immune landscape in ERBs and show age-imprinted resilience progression and find that variability in cellular immunity only partly recapitulates mammalian archetypes.