Set Of Symbols Research Articles

Cells and the city: The rise and fall of urban biopolitics in San Francisco, 1970-2020.

STS theories of biocapital conceptualize how biomedical knowledge and capital form together. Though these formations of biocapital often are located in large urban centers, few scholars have attended to how they are transforming urban spaces and places. In this paper we argue that the twinned technological development of cells and cities concentrates economic and symbolic capital and sets in motion contentious practices we name urban biopolitics. We draw on archival research and a nearly decade-long ethnography of the expansion of biomedical campuses in a major American city to show how the speculative logics of land development and biomedical innovation become bound together in a process we describe as speculative revitalization. We examine how the logics of speculative revitalization imagine a future in which cities and biomedicine produce wealth and health harmoniously together. However, in practice-as buildings of new biomedical urban campuses get built-the dreams of billionaire philanthrocapitalists to create global cities clash with the plans of biomedical researchers to create global health. We document the reproduction of stratified and racialized biomedical exclusions that result while also highlighting the unlikely opportunities for creating alliances committed to creating equitable biomedical research and healthcare in urban communities.

A Systematic Review of Computational Approaches to Deciphering Bronze Age Aegean and Cypriot Scripts

Abstract This article provides a detailed insight into computational approaches for deciphering Bronze Age Aegean and Cypriot scripts, namely, the Archanes script and the Archanes formula, Phaistos Disk, Cretan hieroglyphic (including the Malia Altar Stone and Arkalochori Axe), Linear A, Linear B, Cypro-Minoan, and Cypriot scripts. The unique contributions of this article are threefold: (1) a thorough review of major Bronze Age Aegean and Cypriot scripts and inscriptions, digital data and corpora associated with them, existing computational decipherment methods developed in order to decipher them, and possible links to other scripts and languages; (2) the definition of 15 major challenges that can be encountered in computational decipherments of ancient scripts; and (3) an outline of a computational model that could possibly be used to simulate traditional decipherment processes of ancient scripts based on palaeography and epigraphy. In the context of this article the term decipherment denotes the process of discovery of the language and/or the set of symbols behind an unknown script, and the meaning behind it.

Rigidity of pressures of Hölder potentials and the fitting of analytic functions through them

Abstract The first part of this work is devoted to the study of higher derivatives of pressure functions of Hölder potentials on shift spaces with finitely many symbols. By describing the derivatives of pressure functions via the central limit theorem for the associated random processes, we discover some rigid relationships between derivatives of various orders. The rigidity imposes obstructions on fitting candidate convex analytic functions by pressure functions of Hölder potentials globally, which answers a question of Kucherenko and Quas. In the second part of the work, we consider fitting candidate analytic germs by pressure functions of locally constant potentials. We prove that all 1-level candidate germs can be realised by pressures of some locally constant potentials, as long as the number of symbols in the symbolic set is large enough. There are also some results on fitting 2-level germs by pressures of locally constant potentials obtained in the work.

A degradation feature extraction technique based on static divided symbol sequence entropy

Due to the doping of considerable noise and impact components in vibration signals of quay crane gearboxes, some traditional methods have difficulty uncovering degradation patterns. To accurately extract degradation features from vibration monitoring signals, a degradation feature extraction technique based on static divided symbol sequence entropy is proposed. Based on the basic scale entropy technique, considering the uniformity of the symbolization standard, the technique takes the root mean square of the health condition signal as the basis and incorporates the scale coefficient to establish a uniform basic scale. Simultaneously, the symbol set is expanded to enhance the information content and the ability of the approach to characterize the complexity levels of signals in large-value regions. Therefore, the proposed static divided symbol sequence entropy technique can accurately and flexibly characterize performance degradations. The logistic chaotic sequence and the lifetime signal of hoisting mechanism gearbox are separately used for analysis. It shows that the proposed technique can characterize the complexity of the nonlinear time series and sensitively describe the performance degradation exhibited by hoisting mechanism gearbox. This technique is computationally fast, and it can be implemented as a foundation for developing new methods for evaluating the health conditions of quay crane gearboxes.

Localisation of a Text-based App for Arabic Assistive Technology Users

Ensuring the successful adaptation of Predictable, a text-based Alternative and Augmentative Communication (AAC) app for users in the Gulf region, required not only text translation and integration of an Arabic keyboard. Key considerations encompass design and user experience, particularly regarding button selection and arrangement to accommodate right-to-left orientation and address cultural and linguistic nuances. The localisation of Predictable Arabic for AAC users in the Gulf region is further enhanced by leveraging an existing symbol set while incorporating new symbols optimised for the app.

The evolution of the style of the German poetic fable of the late XXth and early XXIst centuries: linguistic synergetic, sociocultural aspects

The article studies the evolutionary trends of the modern German fable. The fables of Reiner Kuntze and James Kruse show the departure of the modern fable of the late ХХth and early ХХІst centuries from the literary canons of the classical Aesopian fable, which to varying degrees accompanied the German fable over the centuries, new ways of creating images-symbols, building a style and compositions, the phenomenon of hierarchical plots and the inclusion of a modern fable in another literary genre. To illustrate all these innovations, fables and fable chains of this authors were analyzed to reflect in them modern socio-cultural realities, cultural codes, which nowadays have a significant capacity and deep meaning. The revealed transformations of the form of the modern fables, its style, the incompleteness and hierarchy of plots and images-symbols contribute to the more powerful possibilities of the fables to convey more and more information with a relatively short text. From a synergetic point of view, the modern fable is becoming an increasingly open system that actively involves the reader in the development of its images-symbols and plot. This process becomes much more effective than in fables of past eras. The mechanism of reflecting sociocultural factors through the goal-attractors, stylistic attractors and the specificity of language and speech in the fable as a synergistic system is explaned. The reflecting of the complex sociocultural factors in the modern fable is based on the fact that socioculture is a semiotic system, a set of signs and symbols. This makes it possible to establish the correspondence of the components of socioculture with other semiotic systems - attractors of the fable, its language and stylistics and to analyze the factors of modern culture, synergistic goals-attractors of fables and stylistic attractors dependent on them.

Embodiment of Typical Images of Chinese Traditional Opera in Oil Painting

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of embodiment of typical images of Chinese traditional opera in works of oil painting. Depicting the actors in their stage roles, the artists strive to recreate the aesthetic impact that Chinese opera has on the viewer. However, they use a system of artistic and expressive means characteristic of the fine arts. The aim of the study is to determine the peculiarities of embodiment of typical images of Chinese traditional opera by contemporary Chinese artists. The works of Peng Xiaohan, Wang Qijun, and Yue Haitao serve as the object. Although the typical images of Chinese traditional opera are characterised by their own set of symbols and signs, each author depicts the plots and characters of the productions in their own way. Some of them strive for a realistic portrayal of what is happening on stage: they capture the expressive poses of the main character, capture the plot scenes of the production. Others create a collective image of a character or separate parts of the plot, using the symbolism of colour, costume, theatrical make-up. On the example of paintings by the above artists, the author identifies the main creative approaches to the embodiment of typical images of Chinese traditional opera in oil painting. These include following the iconographic canons of Chinese opera, combining the traditions of Chinese art with the tendencies of Western painting, etc. For the first time, on the basis of works by contemporary Chinese painters, different approaches to the reflection of typical images of Chinese traditional opera in oil painting were identified and the peculiarities of their embodiment in the language of fine arts were determined, which can be useful for further research in this area.

Unlocking the Riddles of Imperial Greek Melodies: The ‘Lydian’ Metamorphosis of the Classical Harmonic System

Abstract Building upon Lynch 2022a and 2022b, this article offers the first account of the historical evolution of the Greek harmonic system and notation keys (tónoi) that bridges the gap between Classical and Imperial music. This new solution allows us to reconstruct, for the first time, a continuous, if evolving, tradition that stretches from Euripides’ Orestes to late antiquity, reconciling key theoretical insights provided by Ptolemy, Porphyry and others with documentary evidence that illustrates the structure of the Imperial harmonic system and its use in the Imperial musical documents (dDAGM). This approach also enables us to trace the gradual expansion of the Greek notation system from an initial set of symbols (–) to the full array recorded by Aristides and Alypius, mapping its development onto key historical milestones including the revolutionary innovations of the New Musicians and Damon of Oa’s inclusion of the Lydian mode into the Greek modulation system.

Исследование двухмодульных взвешенных кодов с суммированием с произвольными разбиениями множества информационных символов

A method has been proposed for constructing two-modulus sum codes that are suitable for solving the synthesis problems of self-checking digital computing devices and systems, as well as the technical means of their diagnostics. In the process of constructing a code, a set of data symbols is divided into two subsets, forming separate vectors for which the total weight is calculated according to a predetermined modulus. Beforehand, in each of the selected vectors, one of the data symbols is weighted with a coefficient from a natural series. Codes obtained with different values of weight coefficients and modulus for determining the total weight form a separate family of uniform binary codes with a fixed number of check symbols. The article provides an example of constructing a sum codes in the ring of residues modulus M = 4. Using this modulus enables the construction of a two-modulus code with k = 4 check symbols for any value of the m number of data symbols. As the value of m increases, the relationship between the number of data symbols and check symbols will change significantly, and the resulting code will have low redundancy. This is important when using the considered class of codes in the construction of digital devices. Previously unknown properties of the discussed class of sum codes have been identified, and taking these into account is beneficial when addressing problems related to the synthesis and technical diagnostics of digital devices.

Ortak ve İşbirliğine Dayalı Eylem Bağlamında İletişim Sistemlerinin Gelişimi

Communication is a focal point in studies of joint action, where collective cognitive activity required (Sebanz and Knoblich, 2006). In this study, a virtual experimental environment was utilized where participants’ communication was restricted to text messaging interface with a limited set of letters and symbols. In eight experimental sessions, similar but different joint action tasks were given; each couple improved their joint action skills and developed their own private communication systems. Analysis shows, in addition to several quantitative parameters, trends of diminishing use ratio of directive speech acts and increasing use ratio of assertive speech acts had been observed which are claimed to be characteristics of development of a mature and effective communication system and cognitive mechanisms of joint action.

Emoji

Abstract Online users devise different strategies and techniques to make up for the absence of physical bodies in online communications, one of which is using emojis. Emojis are a diverse set of small images, symbols, or icons, standardized by the Unicode Consortium for utilization in electronic communication platforms. Their primary role is to effectively convey the emotional attitude of the writer, succinctly provide information, and playfully communicate messages. This article posits that bodily emojis (emojis portraying a body gesture or facial expression) are a form of digital embodiment. Their usage, thus, creates a form of digital performance. Emojis appear as a screen body in a space that lacks the physical one. Furthermore, I suggest that this body could be described as aesthetically Baroque. My proposition is that emojis exhibit Baroque characteristics such as dynamic and exaggerated forms and decorate texts. Emojis share similarities with the appearance and function of the Baroque body both in Baroque visual art and Baroque dance.

Determinants of instant messenger (IM) adoption and its effect on team performance: Mediating role of knowledge creation and quality communication.

Computer-mediated communication has dramatically transformed the human communication landscape by enhancing speed, content and social presence. The world has been experiencing a sharp decline in using email and phone calls due to organizations' rapid adoption of instant messenger (IM) for their day-to-day communication with their stakeholders. Moreover, the world has been experiencing a sharp decline in using email and phone calls since the beginning of the IM era. Hence, the aim of this study is to comprehend the IM adoption process through the lens of three theories. A structured questionnaire was developed to collect data from the organizations and test hypotheses using consistent PLS-SEM (PLSc) in SMART PLS combined with bootstrapping. The results indicated that parallelism is the most dominating factor explaining IM adoption in organizations followed by transmission velocity, rehearsability and symbol set. The findings of this study also confirmed that team performance is not influenced by communication but by the quality of the communication and the level of knowledge within the group that can create using instant messenger. Indeed, this empirical study is one of the limited investigations that combine three theories to explain the IM adoption process and its effect on team performance. Moreover, this study contributes both theoretically and practically to comprehending the adoption process of IM. Lastly, this study reconfirmed the importance of Media Synchronicity Theory (MST) and Social Presence Theory (SPT) in predicting IM adoption; and the findings of this research extended the applications of the Adaptive Structuration Theory (AST) from the IM perspective, which is, indeed, rare. Finally, this study provides a great foundation for managers to understand the importance of IM in their day-to-day communication systems.

Language and drawing development after a combined intervention: A single‐subject case study

AbstractLanguage and drawing each have their own sets of symbols that they use to convey messages. It is still unclear whether the development of these two expression mechanisms is similar or distinct. There are various approaches to supporting language and communication skills, including structured and naturalistic methods. The goal of this in‐depth case study is to find out how a combined intervention affects the language and drawing abilities of a three‐year‐old girl with developmental delay. Structured implementations and milieu teaching strategies were used in the same session, but not simultaneously. The participant's language and communication skills improved at the end of the programme. Interestingly, even though there was no drawing‐related goal, her drawings evolved too. Even though this is a single‐subject case study, it suggests that if a child's cognitive and language skills develop, his/her drawing skills do as well.

Metamodern Spell Casting

Metamodern Spell Casting

Neural-symbolic BDI-Agent as a Multi-Context System: A case study with negotiating agent

Intelligent systems are already being deployed in several fields (e.g., medicine, education, automation, or legal), providing relevant tools to assist in our daily tasks. It is claimed that the next step of AI is the integration of connectionist and symbolic methods. Connectionist methods embody knowledge by assigning numerical conductivities or weights to the connections inside a network of nodes. Symbolic methods work by carrying on a sequence of logic-like reasoning steps over a set of symbols consisting of language-like representations. Combining the strengths of connectionist and symbolic methods can allow the development of robust intelligent systems. We propose a neural-symbolic BDI-agent based Multi-Context Systems (MCS) model to integrate these two methods. Neural-symbolic area explores the effective integration of connectionist and symbolic methods, more precisely, learning and reasoning. MCSs allow the representation of information exchange among heterogeneous sources. BDI-agents offer robust and flexible behavior, rapid and modular development, intelligibility, and verifiability. In our work, MCSs represent the symbolic method and Neural Networks the connectionist method. We present a case study of how the proposed agent can be implemented using the Sigon framework. Sigon facilitates the development of MCS agents using a programming language-like paradigm. In this case study, we employed a trained MultiLayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network, enabling us to mitigate the necessity of modeling some hand-crafted rules in symbolic systems. We performed two experiments, in which the main goal was to analyze the impact of using a neural network during the agent’s decision-making. In the first experiment, we compare the proposed agent with 136 negotiating agents participating in the Automated Negotiating Agents Competition (ANAC) available on the GENIUS framework. In the second experiment, we compare our work with one similar to ours. The results show that our agent can adapt and achieve high utility functions for different situations. However, it is necessary to consider the computational cost of using the NN’s output in every reasoning cycle. The contributions of this paper are: (i) - integration of connectionist methods as part of the agent’s decision-making, enabling the development of agents in a modular and flexible fashion; (ii) - custom sensors to handle different data types; (iii) - practical implementation of the proposed integration method; and (iv) - experiments of the proposed integration method, focusing on mitigating the necessity of hard-coded and hand-crafted rules.

Linguistic and Cultural Code in Blazing of National Heraldry

The article is devoted to the study of the linguocultural coding of national heraldry specifics. The purpose of the article is to establish the semantic and linguocultural characteristics of the concept “culture code” and to identify the functions of its units – symbols in verbal descriptions of national heraldry. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to understand the essence and lingocultural features of the verbalization of national heraldry symbols. The study was conducted on the material of blazoning of the coats of arms of the former USSR republics, the states of the former colonies of Great Britain, France, Spain and Portugal, which once had a common joint past and a common language of interethnic communication. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that for the first time blazonization is the object of a linguistic description. It is established that a linguocultural code differs from a simple code by the unconsciousness and unintentionality of its creation; it “inherited” the password property from the symbol: possession of this code opens access to a certain culture for its “users”. The linguocultural code is defined in the most general form as a system of images referring to the verbalized concepts of spiritual culture, it is always a set of symbols of a particular ethnic or national culture that can refer to different semantic content. The study showed that the in the creation of the coat of arms the verbal description of the heraldic image is primary – the blazon obtained as a result of blazonig, which consists in explaining the symbols present on the coats of arms. The author came to the conclusion that the figurative embodiment of the basic linguocultural concepts of the national idea in the heraldry of countries united by the common language of blazonization indicates the use of units of the most diverse cultural codes, distinguished by thematic feature. In the heraldic symbolization of power, sovereignty, unity of the nation, the struggle for independence and the positive personal qualities of the inhabitants of the country, units of subject, animalistic, plant, astronomical, “weaponry” and chromatic cultural codes are used. The study uses methods of semantic, semiotic and linguocultural analysis of images symbolizing the ideas of national heraldry.

Correspondence of Linguistic Content and Creative Narratives of Composer Yuriy Shevchenko

The purpose of the article is to determine the correspondence between the linguistic content and creative narratives of the contemporary Ukrainian composer Yuriy Shevchenko, taking into account the general intentions in music as an emotional mood. It also aims to investigate the linguistic content of the composer expressed in interviews in close connection with the reading of the artistic intent of the composer's work. The research methodology is related to the study of human thinking, the consideration of narrative as a certain discursive structure that is formed on the basis of a person's own experience, and is presented by systematic and comparative approaches that help to determine the specifics of certain compositional structures in music in comparison with the author's approach to his own creativity in the linguistic content of the interview. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the disclosure of narratives in the author’s music, taking into account the composer's thinking, his feelings and socio-cultural influences on his work, for example, in the author's appeal to fairy-tale "worlds" as a sign-sound space. Conclusions. The existence of social contradictions leads to the emergence of the idea of "pure classics" among composers and is expressed in the appeal to symbolic attitudes through the synthetic genres of theatre, opera, ballet, and musical. The narratives of new thinking are also expressed in the composer's frank interviews, as opposed to the music itself, in which these directions are expressed in a veiled playful form. Key words: linguistic content, creative narratives, intentions in music, symbolic settings, synthetic genres.

AI Supporting AAC Pictographic Symbol Adaptations.

The phenomenal increase in technological capabilities that allow the design and training of systems to cope with the complexities of natural language and visual representation in order to develop other formats is remarkable. It has made it possible to make use of image to image and text to image technologies to support those with disabilities in ways not previously explored. It has opened the world of adaptations from one picture to another in a design style of a user's choosing. Automated text simplification alongside graphical symbol representations to enhance understanding of complex content is already being used to support those with cognitive impairments and learning difficulties. Symbol sets have become embedded within applications as dictionaries and look up systems, but the need for flexibility and personalization remains a challenge. Most pictographic symbols are created over time within the bounds of a certain style and schema for particular groups such as those who use augmentative and alternative forms of communication (AAC). By using generative artificial intelligence, it is proposed that symbols could be produced based on the style of those already used by an individual or adapted to suit different requirements within local contexts, cultures and communities. This paper explores these ideas at the start of a small six-month pilot study to adapt a number of open licensed symbols based on the symbol set's original style. Once a collection has been automatically developed from image to image and text descriptions, potential stakeholders will evaluate the outcomes using an online voting system. Successful symbols will be made available and could potentially be added to the original symbol set offering a flexible personalized approach to AAC symbol generation hitherto not experienced by users.

Reflections on Building a Multi-Country AAC Implementation Guide.

Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) implementation at any level is a multifaceted process that requires selection of relevant and appropriate systems to suit individual users who may have complex communication needs and other co-occurring difficulties. Careful and systematic action may be required to develop skills and abilities in the use of chosen technologies with suitable ongoing support within a wide range of settings. The wider milieu in which services are provided must also be considered in order to provide a firm foundation for capacity building alongside considerations for multilingual and multicultural factors. UNICEF with the Global Symbols team supported by local professionals working with AAC users, their families and carers set out to collaboratively provide an implementation guide based on their experiences in several Eastern European countries. The aim of the guide was to illustrate work already being undertaken in the area and to ensure the sharing of knowledge and resources where gaps were discovered. The result became a series of linked webpages in an online framework that covered practical aspects for the development of policies and procedures to support early intervention for those with severe speech, language and communication needs across countries of differing cultures and languages. The actual AAC implementation required ingenuity on all sides with translations for pictographic symbol and software adaptations with Cyrillic and Latin alphabets, new synthetic voices alongside deployment and capacity development. Considerable local support was forthcoming and captured with interviews by those working with AAC users as technology was introduced and outcomes measured. As the guide was completed several videos were shared publicly by carers with examples of AAC and assistive technology use. Policies and procedures were also shared in the form of tables, charts, symbol sets, communication boards and software that illustrated not only the occurrence of knowledge transfer and the use of open licenses, but also differences in strategies and the way they were adapted to suit the range of settings in the various countries.

Феномен релігійної ідентичності: філософсько-правове конструювання змісту

The article reveals the phenomenon of religious identity within the framework of the philosophical and legal discourse. The two most common approaches to understanding religious identity are defined: The first approach considers the definition of religious identity as a category of religious consciousness, the content of which is the understanding of the relationship with ideas and values, it actualizes the general religious self-characteristics of an individual, that is, an individual attitude to the sacred, which can be expressed in a personal the attitude of a person regarding the supernatural features of individual symbols. Therefore, this attitude can be actualized by the definition: "I am a believer"; the second approach considers religious identity as a form of belonging to a certain religion or a specific religious community, the individual's belonging to a religious organization is formed. Hence, religious identity defines a specific form of religiosity and is actualized as a confessional identity, which can be formulated in the definitions: "I am a Catholic Christian", "I am a Buddhist", "I am a Muslim", etc. It was found that religious identity is a socio-psychological construct that outlines the unity of a religious organization, which is achieved by the intersubjective orientation of community members to a common idealized set of symbols that actualize the essence of ontological, axiological and ethical regulations of a religious organization and are reproduced thanks to common sacred practices . Identity, as an attribute, is an individual's belonging to a certain social integrity - a religious community. From the standpoint of constructivism, religious identity is one of the social constructs that emerges in the process of subjective reflection and active construction of religious reality by an individual on the basis of social categorization. Hence, the cultural unity of religion as such (religious direction, confessional group, cult) is not its primary characteristic, but the result and meaning of existence.