Number Of Symbols Research Articles

Are numerical abilities determined at early age? A brain morphology study in children and adolescents with and without developmental dyscalculia

The intraparietal sulcus (IPS) has been associated with numerical processing. A recent study reported that the IPS sulcal pattern was associated with arithmetic and symbolic number abilities in children and adults. In the present study, we evaluated the link between numerical abilities and the IPS sulcal pattern in children with Developmental Dyscalculia (DD) and typically developing children (TD), extending previous analyses considering other sulcal features and the postcentral sulcus (PoCS). First, we confirm the longitudinal sulcal pattern stability of the IPS and the PoCS. Second, we found a lower proportion of left sectioned IPS and a higher proportion of a double-horizontal IPS shape bilaterally in DD compared to TD. Third, our analyses revealed that arithmetic is the only aspect of numerical processing that is significantly related to the IPS sulcal pattern (sectioned vs not sectioned), and that this relationship is specific to the left hemisphere. And last, correlation analyses of age and arithmetic in children without a sectioned left IPS indicate that although they may have an inherent disadvantage in numerical abilities, these may improve with age. Thus, our results indicate that only the left IPS sulcal pattern is related to numerical abilities and that other factors co-determine numerical abilities.

Improving the Ability to Write Natural Number Symbols (1-9) Through the Finger Numbers Media Board for Down Syndrome Students

The background to the implementation of this research was because it was found that a student with Down syndrome in class I SLB N 1 Alahan Panjang was unable to write natural number symbols (1-9) in phase A mathematics learning. The aim of this research was to prove the use of the finger numbers board media in improve the ability to write natural number symbols (1-9) for class I Down syndrome students at SLB N 1 Alahan Panjang. The research method used in this research is an experimental method with a single subject approach or Single Subject Research (SSR). This study used an A-B design consisting of two conditions, namely baseline (A) and intervention (B). The use of the A-B design was adapted to the aim of only seeing an increase in students' abilities when using the finger numbers board media. The results of the research showed that the ability to write natural number symbols (1-9) of students in the baseline condition (A) was obtained at a percentage of 59.25%, 59.25%, 59.25%, 59.25%, 59.25%. In intervention (B) 66.67%, 81.49%, 81.49%, 81.49%, 88.89%, 88.89%, 88.89%, 88.89%, 88.89%, 92.60%. Based on this data, students' ability to write natural number symbols (1-9) increases.

Explicit congruences for k-marked Durfee symbols

In 2007, Andrews introduced k-marked Durfee symbols to give a combinatorial interpretation of 2kth symmetrized moment η2k(n) of ranks of partitions of n. Let Dk(n) denote the number of k-marked Durfee symbols of n. Bringmann, Garvan and Mahlburg proved that there exist infinitely many arithmetic progressions An+B such that Dk(An+B)≡0(modpj), where j is a positive integer and p≥5 is a prime. In addition, Keith proved that D4(3n)≡0(mod3). Motivated by their works, we establish some explicit congruences modulo 2, 3, 4 and 8 of Dk(n) for some small k by employing some identities due to Garvan, and Lewis and Santa-Gadea on M(r,m,n) which counts the number of partitions of n with crank congruent to r modulo m.

أثر السماع والقياس في إثراء المعجم اللغوي للطفل

يعدُّ الكلام أبرز مظاهر تطور البشر وتفوقه على سائر مخلوقات الأرض، ولكي ينتج الكلام لابد من وجود اللغة التي تشتمل على عدد كبير من الرموز اللغوية، والتي تحتاج إلى علاقات ائتلافية معقدة ومتنوعة لا يتقنها إلا بنو البشر. وحتى يستطيع الإنسان التواصل مع غيره عليه أن يجمع ثروة من الكلمات ويخزنها في ذاكرته، وقد هيأ الله سبحانه وتعالى للإنسان وسائل تعينه على جمعها، ومن أبرز هذه الوسائل: السّماع والقياس. ولمّا كان السّمع أول الحواس التي يعتمد عليها الطفل للتواصل مع محيطه اللغوي واكتساب لغة قومه اكتسب السماع أهمية كبيرة تفوق القياس في إثرائه لمعجم الإنسان اللغوي، غير أنَّ ذلك لا يقلل من أهمية القياس؛ فمن المستحيل أن يسمع الإنسان كل صيغ اللغة وأساليبها المتنوعة.

Symbolism of Numbers in Numeral Phraseological Units of the Russian and Chinese languages

The article highlights the results of the analysis of the symbolic potential of numbers in Russian and Chinese phraseological units. The phraseological units of each language reflect the process of development of the national culture: beliefs, cultural values, stereotypes. Numerical phraseological units comprehensively reflect the mentality of the Russian and Chinese peoples: with the help of numbers, the personal characteristics of a person are expressed. The world functioning and its processes are described. Comparison of phraseological units of different languages allows us to identify common and unique features of categorization and conceptualization in linguistic pictures of the world. A comparative analysis of the specifics of the categorization of reality in these lexical units showed that they clearly reflect the specifics of the linguistic worldviews of these peoples. Their symbolic potential has both similarities and differences, which should be taken into account in the process of intercultural communication.

UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KOGNITIF ANAK DENGAN MEDIA KINCIR ANGKA DI TK MAYA PERMATA PENYASAWAN PADA USIA 4-5 TAHUN

This reseach describes the lack of children cognitive abilities in recognizing number symbols. For that reason, the use of media is needed to improve their abilities to recognize number symbols by using number wheel media. The objects of this research are to find out the children learning process and their activities in the classrom by using number wheel and to improve the cognitive abilities in recognizing number symbols by using number wheel for students at Maya Permata B Kindergarten. This is an action research that involved 10 students. The data were collected by using observation sheets: check list. There are two main methods of data analysis, they are descriptive qualitative and quantitative techniques. The result of pre-observation showed that only 30,83 % of students are able to recognize number symbols. In the first cycle , there was an increasing percentage (53,33%) and in the cycle 2 , they have reached minimum completness indicator criteria. It was 81,66%. According to the results, it can be concluded that the use of number wheel can improve number symbols of student ability at Maya Permata B Kindergarten.

Comparison Of Two Encoding Methods in RAID6 Storage Architecture and Analysis of Improvement of EVENODD Encodings

This paper provides a comparative analysis of two widely used error correction codes: RS (Reed-Solomon) and EVENODD. The analysis covers principles, algebraic forms, computational complexities, minimum Hamming distances, decoding processes, and specific application scenarios. RS encoding is known for its versatility, allowing for the flexible addition of parity symbols. However, it comes with a high computational cost due to polynomial evaluations. On the other hand, EVENODD encoding offers simplicity and computational efficiency through mere XOR operations but has limitations on the number of parity symbols it can generate. The paper explores the algebraic representations of both codes, discusses their minimum Hamming distances, and evaluates their decoding processes. Additionally, it analyzes the computational requirements of EVENODD under small write operations and provides a comprehensive comparison of the computational complexities of RS and EVENODD, aiding practitioners in choosing the most suitable error correction scheme for specific applications. A seeming limitation in our building process is because of the number of information disks must fall into a prime number. Nevertheless, if the preferred quantity of data sectors isn't a prime number, we can easily posit the existence of additional disks filled entirely with zeros, and this won't impact the encoding and decoding procedures.

Stimulasi Kemampuan Kognitif melalui Media Kantong Emotikon pada Anak Usia Dini

The numeracy ability of young children is one of the important abilities for children that needs to be developed in order to equip children for the next level of education. This study aims to describe how the use of emoticon bag media can improve children's numeracy skills in group A children at Paramadinah Kindergarten Ngawi, Ngawi District, Ngawi Regency. In this study, the researcher used Classroom Action Research (CAR) which was carried out in two cycles. The subjects of this study were class A children in TK Paramadinah Ngawi, with a total of 12 students. The data collection method used in this research is observation and documentation. Children's numeracy skills at the time of pre-action can be said to have not developed. Many children have difficulty recognizing the symbols of numbers 1-10, counting the number of objects from 1-10. Children's numeracy skills can be improved through the media of emoticon bags. In the pre-action, the percentage of children's numeracy achievement was only 42% who were able to count well, in the first cycle it increased to 67% in the very well developed criteria (BSB) and in the second cycle it increased again to 83% in the very well developed criteria (BSB). So, it can be concluded that the emoticon bag media can improve the numeracy ability of group A Paramadinah Ngawi Kindergarten.

Nonlinear compensation for few-mode fiber MDM-WDM systems using probabilistic neural network

In this paper, we propose for the first time to apply probabilistic neural network (PNN) to fiber nonlinear compensation (NLC) in a high-speed coherent optical communication system that combines few-mode fiber (FMF) mode division multiplexing (MDM) with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). By training on a small number of symbols, the PNN equalizer can compute the statistical distribution of the signal nonlinearity, make decisions on test symbols, and thereby compensate for the nonlinear impairments of the signals. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, we construct a MDM-WDM simulation system with 28 GBaud polarization division multiplexing (PDM) 16-quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM) and 64 GBaud PDM-64QAM, 6 spatial mode signals are transmitted over 11 wavelength channels with link lengths of 1500 km and 400 km, respectively. The results show that the PNN equalizer can make nonlinear judgments on received signals and effectively compensate the signal impairments caused by Kerr nonlinearity and device nonlinearity in a large launch power range after undergoing carrier phase recovery (CPR). Meanwhile, this scheme exhibits strong robustness against residual linear mode coupling (LMC), differential mode group delay (DMGD), and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise. Finally, by the computational complexity comparison, it is proved that the complexity of the probabilistic neural network nonlinear compensation (PNN NLC) scheme is lower than that of digital back propagation (DBP) with comparable performance, which is on the order O(N).

Marbel Application Based Learning Media to Develop Analytical Skills in Children Aged 4-5 Years

Lacking the necessary facilities and tools in schools, teachers sometimes only use one medium to teach. Teachers also experience difficulties introducing the media to students, considering that children still need to learn numbers and initial number symbols. This research aims to create learning media based on marble applications to develop analytical skills in group B children. The development model used in this research is the ADDIE development model. The data collection method uses questionnaires and assessment tools (assessment forms). Analysis techniques with quantitative and qualitative analysis. Based on the content validity test by two experts, the content validity value was 0.93, where this value is classified as very high validity. The Marble fun numbers game application is suitable for developing children's analytical skills. The results of the effectiveness trial showed that the average value of the analysis ability of the small group of children after learning to use marble fun numbers was 80.2%, and the large group's total score was 81%; this was classified as very good. It was concluded that the marble application-based learning media for developing analytical skills in group B children was highly valid. Hence, the marble application-based development media for developing analytical skills in group B children was suitable.

The current situation of forming number symbols for children aged 3-6 according to the Montessori Method in independent preschool education institutions in Tuyen Quang City

This study examines the current situation of forming number symbols for children aged 3-6 using the Montessori Method in independent preschool education institutions in Tuyen Quang city, Tuyen Quang province. Survey results indicate that the awareness level of number symbols among children using the Montessori Method is primarily at an average and weak level. The main reason is that most preschool teachers struggle when using specialized math teaching aids and when planning math lessons for children, relying solely on the researched curriculum content for preschool teachers, uniformly designed for all children of the same age without considering differences in abilities, strengths, speeds, etc., to create the most suitable learning program for each child. This approach leads to a situation where children find lessons boring due to teacher requirements being either too low or too high. As a result, the author proposes several measures to form number symbols for children aged 3-6 using the Montessori Method in the surveyed area.

ТРАДИЦИОННЫЕ СИМВОЛЫ КИТАЙСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ: ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ДЛЯ ПРОСТРАНСТВА ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО ПИТАНИЯ

The article traces how the decorative nature of traditional cultural symbols in the design of public dining spaces gradually acquires diversified characteristics. This article deeply analyzes three styles of public catering spaces, to reveal the characteristics of using a number of traditional symbols in Chinese national culture. It analyzes the intrinsic value and “metaphorical” meaning, reconstructs the aesthetics of public catering space, realizes the perceptual and experiential needs of people at the spiritual level.

Profile of elementary school students' numerical literacy ability

One of the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic is the decline in numerical literacy skills due to learning loss. This study aims to describe the numerical literacy abilities of students at SDN Grogol and SDN Grabagan Sidoarjo. This research is quantitative descriptive research with a data collection technique in the form of a numerical literacy test based on the Minimum Competency Assessment (AKM) which is accessed on the Pusmenjar website with 20 questions in the form of complex multiple choice, multiple choice, matching and true false. Data analysis uses descriptive statistics which include the average of numerical literacy scors and the percentage of students who answered correctly for each indicator. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the numerical literacy skills of students at SDN Grogol are in the medium category with an average score of 43.67. Meanwhile, the numerical literacy skills of students at SDN Grabagan are still low with an average score of 35.33. Furthermore, the answers to the numerical literacy test of students at SDN Grogol and SDN Grabagan have similarities in the indicator that most students answered correctly, namely indicator 7, understanding whole numbers which includes number symbols, the concept of place value, and generalization, 70% at SDN Grogol and 62% at SDN Grabagan. Meanwhile, the indicator that has the highest error is indicator 6, namely knowing the standard units of length/distance, weight and time with a percentage of students answering correctly of 30% at SDN Grogol and 23% at SDN Grabagan.

Implementasi Metode Jarimatika dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berhitung pada Operasi Kabataku

Jarimatics is a simple and fun way of teaching children basic computation according to the principle: start by correctly understanding first the concepts of numbers, number symbols, and basic counting operations, then teaching how to count with the fingers of the hand. The low ability and desire of students in counting on mathematical subjects makes the method of JARIMATIKA suitable introduced to students SDN 02 Pasar Keong as a solution in completion of mathematics as well as improving the ability to count on Operation KABATAKU. The method of implementation performed by the Community Devotion Team is divided into 3 sessions namely: 1) delivery of material about jarimatika method and Operation count using such method, 2) ice breaking in order to arouse the spirit of students during the activity, 3) Applying the material that has been given with the use of staircase snake tools. Thus the student's ability to calculate improved and better than before taught the Jarimatic Method and the student considered counting a pleasant thing.

СИМВОЛИКА ЧИСЕЛ «ОДИН», «ДВА» В ЭПОСЕ АДЫГОВ

The article analyzes the nature of reflecting the symbolism of the number one and two in the poetics of historical and heroic epic. It is proved that they contain deep mythological roots, are the carrier of folk consciousness and mentality of ethnos, and have a clear reflection in the Adyghe folklore. To reveal the artistic forms of manifestation of these numbers on the material of historical and heroic songs and legends was the purpose of our work. To achieve the goal the following tasks were set: to analyze the texts of historical-heroic epic; to study the symbolism of the number “one” and “two” in its aesthetic plan; to trace the specificity of representation of the sacral basis of these numbers. The ideas of the Pythagorean philosophical doctrine of numbers were taken into account in the work. We support the theory of division of even and odd numbers, and attributing the former to the female sex, i. e. negative, and the latter to the male sex, i. e. positive. The study of the nature of artistic reflection of number symbolism in historical and heroic epic is important for the comprehensive study of folklore. This is the relevance of the chosen topic. The work is carried out using the structural-comparative method. The theoretical basis of the study was the works of domestic authors devoted to the study of the symbolism of numbers of the Adyghe cultural tradition. The main ideas of Z. Zh. Kudaeva and M. R. Hezheva are outlined and applied. The practical significance of the work consists in the fact that its results can be useful for specialists in the field of folkloristics, as well as for the circle of readers interested in folk traditional culture. The result of the work done is that number symbols turn out to be one of the ways of expressing moral ethnic consciousness. In the epic they are understood as means of artistic expression.

The Influence of Number Dice Games in Improving Early Childhood Mathematical Logic in Early Childhood Education

Purpose of the study: The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the number dice game in improving the mathematical logic intelligence of young children in Early Childhood Education.
 Methodology: The method used in this research is quantitative with an experimental research design, the sampling technique is purposive sampling, with post test and pre test research instruments, the data analysis used is inferential statistics.
 Main Findings: The results of this research show that Early Childhood Education Teachers use the number dice game media used in mathematics learning, which is a game that children like because it is very easy and interesting to play. In order to stimulate various areas of development such as cognitive, language and social. Social skills trained in this game include the willingness to follow and obey the rules of the game, playing in turns. Mathematical cognitive skills that are stimulated are stating the order of numbers, recognizing number symbols and number concepts.
 Novelty/Originality of this study: The use of a number dice game introduces a novel and engaging way for young children to interact with mathematical concepts. It offers an enjoyable learning experience that can potentially enhance children's motivation and interest in mathematics, establishing a positive foundation for learning.

Intertextual elements of the novel «Masky opadaiut povilno (Masks Fall Slowly)» by Stepan Protsiuk

The works of Stepan Protsiuk are vivid examples of a modernized presentation of the Ukrainian literature classics for a new generation. The article is devoted to the study of intertextual elements in the novel aboutVolodymyr Vynnychenko «Masky opadaiut povilno (Masks Fall Slowly)».Detailing and decoding of intertextual markers serves as an auxiliary factor in understanding the influence of external factors on the protagonist’s life position. The novel attracts attention in the context of contemporarypsychobiographical prose because it contains a large number of symbols and colours. The study reveals and analyses the specifics of Volodymyr Vynnychenko’s artistic portrayal, the complex corpus of his experiences,emotions, secrets of creativity, etc. The artist uses psychologism and deep tragedy of the narrative in a filigree manner, which adds even moresymbolism, metaphor and colour to his novels. «Masky opadaiut povilno(Masks Fall Slowly)» is a subjective perception of the Ukrainian classic, amodelling of his worldview. Stepan Protsiuk tries to show the protagonist not as a messiah of the world, but as a person who also experiences and has a lot of psychological traumas, which only get worse in the future. The chosen literary approach makes it possible to fully reveal the protagonist’s personality and understand the contradictions of the artist’s psychological world.

Low knowledge of national biodiversity symbols among urban South Africans limits their potential value as conservation flagship species

Abstract Most countries have declared one or more animal or plant species to be among their national symbols, termed here national biodiversity symbols. National biodiversity symbols are the species formally or informally recognised by societies and countries as having meaning to one or more of national identity, values and unity. It has been proposed previously that national biodiversity symbols can be used as flagship species to advance habitat conservation in their respective countries. However, this assumes that the symbols are well‐known and revered by the citizens of the country concerned. We examined this assumption via direct interviews with 382 urban residents in four towns in South Africa, which is a mega‐biodiversity country with five national biodiversity symbols (a national tree, flower, animal, bird and fish). We found that less than 3% of the urban respondents could name all five species, ranging from 6% for the national tree to 40% for both the national flower and national animal. Knowledge of other national symbols (flag and anthem) were equally low. The number of national biodiversity symbols known increased with income and education level of respondents. Despite limited knowledge of which species were the national biodiversity symbols, almost two‐thirds of respondents felt that having national biodiversity symbols was important for promoting national identity. These findings show that from a heritage perspective a great deal more awareness needs to be developed in South Africa around the national biodiversity symbols. From a conservation perspective, it indicates that the national biodiversity symbols are unlikely, at this stage at least, to be useful as flagship species for habitat conservation programmes. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

A neural network model of mathematics anxiety: The role of attention

Anxiety about performing numerical calculations is becoming an increasingly important issue. Termed mathematics anxiety, this condition negatively impacts performance in numerical tasks which can affect education outcomes and future employment. The disruption account proposes poor performance is due to anxiety disrupting limited attentional and inhibitory resources leaving fewer cognitive resources for the current task. This study provides the first neural network model of math anxiety. The model simulates performance in two commonly-used tasks related to math anxiety: the numerical Stroop and symbolic number comparison. Different model modifications were used to simulate high and low math-anxious conditions by modifying attentional processes and learning; these model modifications address different theories of math anxiety. The model simulations suggest that math anxiety is associated with reduced attention to numerical stimuli. These results are consistent with the disruption account and the attentional control theory where anxiety decreases goal-directed attention and increases stimulus-driven attention.

Исследование двухмодульных взвешенных кодов с суммированием с произвольными разбиениями множества информационных символов

A method has been proposed for constructing two-modulus sum codes that are suitable for solving the synthesis problems of self-checking digital computing devices and systems, as well as the technical means of their diagnostics. In the process of constructing a code, a set of data symbols is divided into two subsets, forming separate vectors for which the total weight is calculated according to a predetermined modulus. Beforehand, in each of the selected vectors, one of the data symbols is weighted with a coefficient from a natural series. Codes obtained with different values of weight coefficients and modulus for determining the total weight form a separate family of uniform binary codes with a fixed number of check symbols. The article provides an example of constructing a sum codes in the ring of residues modulus M = 4. Using this modulus enables the construction of a two-modulus code with k = 4 check symbols for any value of the m number of data symbols. As the value of m increases, the relationship between the number of data symbols and check symbols will change significantly, and the resulting code will have low redundancy. This is important when using the considered class of codes in the construction of digital devices. Previously unknown properties of the discussed class of sum codes have been identified, and taking these into account is beneficial when addressing problems related to the synthesis and technical diagnostics of digital devices.