Symbiotic Supplementation Research Articles

Effects of dietary symbiotic supplementation on growth performance and duodenum histology of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) reared in different flooring systems

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary symbiotic supplementation on the growth performance and duodenum histological parameters of quail reared in different flooring systems. A total of 160 mixed-sex healthy quail (47±0.32 g) aged 14 days were used in a 2 × 2 factorial experimental design with four replicates, each including five males and five females. Two flooring systems (wire floor as control and wood shavings bedding) and two dietary treatments (symbiotic supplementation and [...]

Effect of symbiotic supplementation on glycemic control, lipid profiles and microalbuminuria in patients with non-obese type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial

BackgroundThe prevalent raise of type 2 diabetes (T2D) around the globe, are creating higher risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and increasing strain on each country’s health care budget in the world. Microalbuminuria has appeared as a key parameter in diabetic patients. Microalbuminuria is also related to increased cardiovascular morbidity in people who are non-obese diabetic. Some studies have suggested that consumption of symbiotic foods might help improve the metabolic profile, inflammatory factors and biomarkers of oxidative stress. The aim of trial was to determine the effect of symbiotic supplementation on glycemic control, lipid profiles and microalbuminuria in non-obese T2D.MethodsIn this randomized, double-blind, clinically controlled trial, 70 patients with T2D (28 females, 42 males) were randomly divided into two groups (n = 35 for each group). The symbiotic group (SG) consumed 500 mg/d of symbiotic supplementations containing probiotics (Lactobacillus family, Bifidobacterium family, Streptococus thermophilus), Prebiotics (Fructo oligosaccharide) and B group vitamins (1 mg), lactose (0.5 mg), malt-dextrin, magnesium saturate and the placebo group (PG) consumed capsules filled with row starch and also B group vitamins (1 mg), lactose (0.5 mg), malt-dextrin, magnesium saturate for 9 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood lipid profiles, 24-h dietary recalls, and anthropometric measurements were measured at the baseline and at the end of trial. SPSS software, version 16 was used to test the data and the results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Paired samples T-Test were used to compare continuous variables within groups. Comparison between different groups was performed through two independent samples T-Test. In the absence of normal distribution, the comparison between the groups was made using non-parametric Wilcoxon on signed ranks and Mann–Whitney tests. P values <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsSymbiotic supplementation decreased significantly, FBG (P = 0.05) and HbA1c (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in lipid profiles within and between the groups at the end of study (P > 0.05). Microalbuminuria (P < 0.05) and HbA1c (P < 0.05) are increased significantly in PG at the end of the study. Furthermore, the mean changes of microalbuminuria and HbA1c experienced significant between the two groups. There was significant reduction in urea between two groups from baseline (P = 0.051). No significant changes in baseline were shown in creatinine among the two groups or within either groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe consumption of 500 mg/d symbiotic supplementation for 9 weeks could improve the HbA1c, BMI and Microalbuminuria in T2D. Although, No effect has been indicated on FBS, lipid profiles, urea and creatinine.Trial RegistrationThe trial has been registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT2015072223284N1, identifier. Registered 21 May 2016 “retrospectively registered”.

A prospective study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of symbiotic supplementation (probiotic and prebiotic combination) in stage 5D chronic kidney disease patients

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is one of the major health disorders associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This was a 6 week’s interventional study of orally administered, symbiotic supplement (probiotic with prebiotic) in stage 5D patients of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on twice a week hemodialysis. The objective was to look for safety of symbiotics (Nitrophage ForteTM) and for its anti-inflammatory effects measured by serum hsCRP (Highly specific C reactive protein), IL-6 (Interleukin- 6) and TNF-α (Tumour Necrosis Factor- α) levels. This translating to improvement in the Quality of life (QOL) assessed using SF-36 QOL questionnaire and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) scoring. Methods: Subjects on twice a week dialysis for at least 3 months were included. Parameters at baseline (representing previous 3 months) were compared to that at the end of treatment. Oral supplementation of strain specific and unique composition of symbiotic sachet supplementation were administered twice daily containing Lactobacillus acidophilus 400mg, Bifidobacterium longumm 400mg, Streptococcus thermophilus with Fructooligosaccharide 100mg adding to 1 gram was given for 6 weeks.Results: 38 patients out of total 48 enrolled completed the study. Symbiotic therapy was found to be well tolerated with no significant adverse effects. 60.52%, 55.26%, 44.7% of the patients had a decrease in hsCRP, TNF-α and IL-6 respectively. Among responders hsCRP and TNF-α showed significant decrease in levels from the baseline (p &lt;0.05). Modified SF-36 QOL questionnaire mean score revealed significant improvement in general health (p &lt; 0.05). Among secondary parameters renal biomarkers like urea, BUN and sodium showed statistically significant decrease (p &lt;0.05).Conclusions: This study establishes the safety and anti-inflammatory efficacy of this symbiotic supplement. To our knowledge this is the first study looking at anti-inflammatory role of symbiotic in CKD 5D Patients. A placebo controlled, double blinded study with a larger sample size is warranted in future to further establish these findings.

Effects of symbiotic and vitamin E supplementation on blood pressure, nitric oxide and inflammatory factors in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been suggested to be well correlated with altered blood pressure. This study was conducted to determine the effects of symbiotic and vitamin E supplementation on blood pressure and inflammatory indices of patients with NAFLD. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed among 60 NAFLD patients aged 25 to 64 years old. Participants were randomly divided into four groups to receive a 400 IU alpha-tocopherol and 2 × 108 CFU/g symbiotic supplement for 8 weeks. The anthropometric parameters, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention. After 8 weeks of intervention, combined symbiotic and alpha-tocopherol, symbiotic and alpha-tocopherol alone administration, compared with the placebo, resulted in significant decreases in SBP (-17.07±2.1, -16.07±3.56, -1.73±2.25 and -1.55±3.01 mmHg, P=0.01), serum MDA (-1.19±0.5, -0.12±0.65, 0.14 ± 0.64 and 0.16±0.34 nmol/mL, P<0.001), serum TNFα (-15.62±13.93, -9.24±7.12, -11.44 ± 15.47 and 3.01±1.71 pg/ml, P<0.001) concentrations. A significant decrease in serum AST (-11.36±4.52, -7.43±8.58, -5.93±6.61 and 2.5±5.75 μmol/L, P <0.001), ALT (-12.79±3.65, -3.66±6.81, -6.54±7.66 and 4.16±3.43 μmol/L, P <0.001) and ALP (-26.8±11.1, -4.56±9.22, -14.48±12.22 and 5.19±2.64 μmol/L, P <0.001) was seen. Variations in DBP and serum NO concentration were not significant. Alpha-tocopherol and symbiotic supplementation among patients with NAFLD resulted in decreased SBP, serum MDA, TNFα levels and enzymes liver; however, they did not affect DBP and serum NO concentration.

The dominant detritus-feeding invertebrate in Arctic peat soils derives its essential amino acids from gut symbionts.

Supplementation of nutrients by symbionts enables consumers to thrive on resources that might otherwise be insufficient to meet nutritional demands. Such nutritional subsidies by intracellular symbionts have been well studied; however, supplementation of de novo synthesized nutrients to hosts by extracellular gut symbionts is poorly documented, especially for generalists with relatively undifferentiated intestinal tracts. Although gut symbionts facilitate degradation of resources that would otherwise remain inaccessible to the host, such digestive actions alone cannot make up for dietary insufficiencies of macronutrients such as essential amino acids (EAA). Documenting whether gut symbionts also function as partners for symbiotic EAA supplementation is important because the question of how some detritivores are able to subsist on nutritionally insufficient diets has remained unresolved. To answer this poorly understood nutritional aspect of symbiont-host interactions, we studied the enchytraeid worm, a bulk soil feeder that thrives in Arctic peatlands. In a combined field and laboratory study, we employed stable isotope fingerprinting of amino acids to identify the biosynthetic origins of amino acids to bacteria, fungi and plants in enchytraeids. Enchytraeids collected from Arctic peatlands derived more than 80% of their EAA from bacteria. In a controlled feeding study with the enchytraeid Enchytraeus crypticus, EAA derived almost exclusively from gut bacteria when the worms fed on higher fibre diets, whereas most of the enchytraeids' EAA derived from dietary sources when fed on lower fibre diets. Our gene sequencing results of gut microbiota showed that the worms harbour several taxa in their gut lumen absent from their diets and substrates. Almost all gut taxa are candidates for EAA supplementation because almost all belong to clades capable of biosynthesizing EAA. Our study provides the first evidence of extensive symbiotic supplementation of EAA by microbial gut symbionts and demonstrates that symbiotic bacteria in the gut lumen appear to function as partners both for symbiotic EAA supplementation and for digestion of insoluble plant fibres.

Prebiótico, probiótico e simbiótico para larvas de Trichogaster leeri (Bleeker, 1852, Perciformes, Osphronemidae)

RESUMO Avaliou-se a suplementação de prebiótico (mananoligossacarídeo - 2g/kg), probiótico (Bacillus subtilis, Cohn, 1872, Bacillales, Bacillaceae - 2g/kg) e simbiótico (mananoligossacarídeo - 2g/kg + B. subtilis - 2g/kg), em rações para larvas de Trichogaster leeri (Bleeker, 1852, Perciformes, Osphronemidae), durante a transição alimentar, sobre o crescimento, a sobrevivência, a morfometria intestinal e a resistência ao estresse por exposição aérea. Para isso, 420 larvas (0,45±0,05mg) foram distribuídas em 20 aquários (3,5L), em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, durante 28 dias, a saber: 12 dias de alimento vivo (AV) + oito dias de coalimentação (AV + ração controle) + oito dias de ração controle; 12 dias de AV + oito dias de coalimentação (AV + ração prebiótico) + oito dias de ração prebiótico; 12 dias de AV + oito dias de coalimentação (AV + ração probiótico) + oito dias de ração probiótico; 12 dias de AV + oito dias de coalimentação (AV + ração simbiótico) + oito dias de ração simbiótico; 28 dias de AV. Larvas que receberam apenas AV apresentaram resultados de desempenho zootécnico significativamente superiores às larvas dos demais tratamentos, exceto para taxa de crescimento específico em comprimento e sobrevivência, que foram semelhantes aos resultados obtidos por larvas que receberam rações suplementadas com simbiótico. Larvas que receberam a ração controle apresentaram resultados significativamente inferiores para altura das vilosidades intestinais e taxa de resistência ao estresse comparando-se aos demais tratamentos. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que a suplementação com prebiótico, probiótico e simbiótico exerce efeito positivo sobre a sobrevivência, a morfometria intestinal e a resistência ao estresse em larvas de T. leeri, no entanto somente a suplementação com simbiótico resulta em melhora no crescimento.

The Effect of Symbiotic Supplementation on Liver Enzymes, C-reactive Protein and Ultrasound Findings in Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Clinical Trial.

Background:Regarding to the growing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), concentrating on various strategies to its prevention and management seems necessary. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of symbiotic on C-reactive protein (CRP), liver enzymes, and ultrasound findings in patients with NAFLD.Methods:Eighty NAFLD patients were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Participants received symbiotic in form of a 500 mg capsule (containing seven species of probiotic bacteria and fructooligosaccharides) or a placebo capsule daily for 8 weeks. Ultrasound grading, CRP, and liver enzymes were evaluated at the baseline and the end of the study.Results:In the symbiotic group, ultrasound grade decreased significantly compared to baseline (P < 0.005) but symbiotic supplementation was not associated with changes in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels. In the placebo group, there was no significant change in steatosis grade whereas ALT and AST levels were significantly increased (P = 0.002, P = 0.02, respectively). CRP values remained static in either group.Conclusions:Symbiotic supplementation improved steatosis in NAFLD patients and might be useful in the management of NAFLD or protective against its progression.

Effects of Synbiotics on Inflammatory Markers in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction:With regard to the relationship between inflammation and insulin resistance and due to the lack of researches conducted about the effect of synbiotics on inflammatory markers in diabetes patients, this study was designed to investigate the effect of these markers.Methods:A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 44 type 2 diabetes patients. They were randomized to symbiotic or placebo group. Patients in the symbiotic group received one symbiotic tablet daily for 8 weeks whereas the placebo group received 1 placebo tablet. The hs-CRP concentration, TNF-α and IL-6 were measured by using ELISA kits. The dietary intakes of patients were assessed at the first and the end of the study and analyzed by Nutritionist IV. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 16.0 via paired and independent t- test.Results:Anthropometric and dietary data were not significantly different between the two groups at the first and the end of the study. The serum concentrations of hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α decreased significantly in the symbiotic group at the end of week 8 compared to baseline (p<0.05). Also, no significant changes were seen in the placebo group (p>0.05). The reduction in inflammatory markers in the symbiotic group were significant in compared to the placebo group (P<0.05).Conclusions:Symbiotic supplementation can reduce serum hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations, a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.

Immune Potentiating role of Protein, Probiotic and Symbiotic Supplementation in Moulted White Leghorn Hens

This study investigated the effects of high protein, probiotic and symbiotic supplementation on the immunity of culled moulted White Leghorn hens. Cage-housed hens ( n = 240) aged about 70 weeks were moulted by including zinc in the diet. The moulted hens were randomly divided in four treatment groups: control group (G1; CP 16% in basal diet), high protein group (G2; CP 18% in basal diet), probiotic supplemented group (G3; symbiotic at a dose rate of 85 mg L−1 in drinking water + CP 16% in basal diet), and symbiotic group (G4; probiotic at a dose rate of 85 mg L−1 in drinking water + CP 16% in basal diet). Ten birds from each group were euthanised at 5% peak (5P), full peak (FP), and end of production (EP). Blood samples were taken for serum to estimate geometric mean antibody titre (GMT) against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and egg drop syndrome (EDS) virus. Macrophages were isolated from abdominal exudates (AE) to observe their engulfment response and their nitric oxide (NO) production. 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) was inoculated on the skin of five birds in each group to evaluate the delayed type hypersensitivity response by determining the skin thickness. The overall humoral antibody GMT against NDV in the groups was higher in G2, G3 and G3 compared to G1. GMT value against EDS was higher in G2 compared to G1. A significant increase ( P ≤ 0.01) in macrophage engulfment and NO production was seen in G2 and G4 compared to the G1. The DNCB inoculated skin thickness response remained higher ( P ≤ 0.01) in G2 until FP than the other groups. A diet rich in protein or supplemented with a probiotic or a symbiotic enhances the body immunity of moulted hens.

Use of a symbiotic supplement in a child with short bowel Syndrome; a case report.

The short bowel syndrome (SBS) is due to loss of bowel after surgery. Characterized by generalized nutrients malabsorption, its signs and symptoms include electrolyte imbalance, deficiency of vitamins, minerals and nutrients that can lead to death. Parenteral and enteral nutrition have a key role in its treatment. To describe the clinical course of a patient with SBS during continuous use of enteral nutrition supplemented with symbiotic. A seven-year-old male underwent an emergency laparotomy at 18 months old with a massive bowel resection, remaining about 20 cm of the small intestine and the entire colon. He was dependent of exclusive parenteral nutrition for over a year, leading to the occurrence of numerous infectious complications. Due to complications caused by prolonged use of central venous access, was unable to continue to receive the parenteral nutrition. Enteral nutrition by a nasogastric tube and supplemental symbiotic was the nutritional therapy option for him. The assessment of the volume of losses by the colostomy was measured daily. There was a significant reduction of losses by colostomy, especially in the first days after introduction of the enteral nutrition plus symbiotic supplementation, as well as significant decrease in gas production. Despite the lack of evidence for a formal recommendation on the use of symbiotic for SBS patients, its use in the nutritional therapy of this patient resulted in reduced electrolyte loss electrolyte and consequent improvement of his clinical and nutritional condition.

Probiotics as a Novel Adjuvant Approach to Atopic Dermatitis

Objective. The aim of this observational study is to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium lactis in atopic dermatitis (AD) in the context of routine clinical practice. Materials and Methods. 107 adult subjects with documented AD receiving a symbiotic combination of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR05, Bifidobacterium lactis BS01 and fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) were assessed for severity of AD using the SCOring Atopic Dermatitis index (SCORAD) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for AD-related global burden of the disease at baseline and after 2 and 4 months of symbiotic supplementation. Secondary evaluations involved the changes in concomitant use of corticosteroids, antihistamines drugs and calcineurin inhibitors. Results. Treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium lactis significantly decreased atopic dermatitis severity (determined by SCORAD index) after 2 and 4 months of administration, while no effect was registered on the VAS score. In addition a decrease in consumption of corticosteroids, antihistamines drugs and calcineurin inhibitors was found. Conclusion. The supplementation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR05, Bifidobacterium lactis BS01 and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) had a positive effect with a significant reduction in SCORAD index and concomitant decrease in the use of corticosteroids, antihistamines drugs (after 2 and 4 months of treatment) and calcineurin inhibitors (after 4 months of treatment). Our data support the need of future studies to further investigate the positive effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR05, Bifidobacterium lactis BS01 and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) symbiotic combination in the management of AD, with particular focus on strainspecific effects.

Effect of protein, probiotic, and symbiotic supplementation on serum biological health markers of molted layers

Dietary zinc was used to induce molt in 200 White Leghorn birds in caged housing at the age of 70 wk. The birds were equally and randomly allocated to 4 groups each of 50 birds as G1 (control; CP 16%, no supplement), G2 (CP 18%, no other supplement), G3 (CP 16%, symbiotic Perfectin: 85 mg•L(-1) in drinking water daily), and G4 (CP 16%, probiotic Protexin: 85 mg•L(-1) in drinking water daily) after the completion of molt. The sampling was conducted 3 times at 5% production, peak production, and end of production with 15 birds being killed at each sampling from each group to collect the blood for harvesting of serum. Serum health markers including total oxidant status, total antioxidant capacity, homocysteine concentration, and paraoxonase, arylesterase, and ceruloplasmin activity were determined by the prescribed assays. The overall total antioxidant capacity was increased, whereas total oxidant status and homocysteine concentrations were reduced significantly (P ≤ 0.01) in all the supplemented groups compared with the control. The paraoxonase and ceruloplasmin activity were enhanced (P ≤ 0.01) in the supplemented groups compared with the control, and arylesterase activity was increased (P ≤ 0.01) in only G2 compared with the other groups. Although protein supplementation significantly reduced the oxidative stress, supplementation with symbiotic and probiotic also improved the health status by decreasing the oxidative stress in the birds.

Avaliação nutricional e atividade inflamatória sistêmica de pacientes com câncer colorretal submetidos à suplementação com simbiótico

Nutritional depletion in patients with advanced colorectal cancer, even with adequate weight, may be associated with co-morbidity factors such as: reduction of immunity, increased rate of infections, impaired cicatrization and muscle weakness. Immunomodulating diets have recently been used as a nutritional approach to cancer patients. Prebiotics, probiotics and symbiotics (a mixture of the first two) have been studied. To assess the Nutritional Status and Systemic Inflammatory Activity of colorectal patients on symbiotic supplementation. It was a progressive longitudinal study in colorectal cancer patients. All patients underwent assessment of nutritional status and subsequent serological analysis, daily use of the symbiotic supplement, anthropometric and biochemical assessment every three months Besides anthropometric data, the following blood components were measured: C-reactive protein (CRP), carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) and albumin. The mean CRP level at baseline, before symbiotic administration, was 11 mg/dL, with a reduction to below 6 mg/dL at the end of the study. There was a beneficial effect of symbiotic supplementation, because although albumin and CEA levels were stable during the study, there was a CRP reduction in meantime.

스포츠 콘텐츠 장르 이용에 따른 레퍼토리 유형에 관한 연구

By assuming a repertoire, based on usage of each genre of TV & Internet media`s Sports Contents, will be constructed, this research analyzes the pattern of how each genre contributes to user usage, and serves a purpose of providing preliminary data to sports contents organizer and advertisers so that they can establish media strategies. To achieve such purpose, 287 college students of Seoul, Daejeon, Chungnam, Gwangju·Junnam filled out a survey, which is contructed by Self-administration method, on Sports contents genre usage from TV and internet separately. Using cluster analysis of direct marketing, each genre`s usage difference based on each cluster was observed to investigate cluster`s characteristics. Relating to genre classification, the overall result suggests sports contents from TV tend to be classified into entertainment genre. Because TV is not an active media that allows selecting, we can say it is an entertaining media, which drives people to use sport contents from entertaining motivation. Internet shows different result because it has opposite characteristics to TV. Regardless of difference between TV and internet, sports new was the most popular among sports contents. TV and internet formed a relationship of symbiotic supplementation, rather than replacement. The general form would be TV`s entertaining usage plus internet`s tool-wise usage.

Symbiotic supplementation increases tolerance to eradication therapy of helicobacter pylori infection

Symbiotic supplementation increases tolerance to eradication therapy of helicobacter pylori infection