Sylhet Region Of Bangladesh Research Articles

Molecular Diagnosis and Evolutionary Relationship Analysis Of Plant Parasitic Tea Garden Nematodes From Different Tea Estates In Sylhet Region of Bangladesh

Nematodes from plant-parasitic sources are ever-present and incidental to plant growth as well as crop production. The damage of tea gardens caused by nematode is often non-specific and easily confused with symptoms. The present study determined the parasitic and non-parasitic nematodes population in different tea gardens of the Sylhet region by their morphological and partial molecular characterization. Out of 13 tea gardens, it was observed that BTRI, Karimpur, Mathiura, and Tarapur tea garden has the highest number of parasitic and non-parasitic nematodes. After PCR amplification, DNA bands with desired amplicon size were detected by gel electrophoresis. Among thirteen soil samples, nematodes from Malnichara, Karimpur, BTRI, Mathiura , and Finlay had partially confirmed the presence of rootknot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.), root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus brachyurus), burrowing nematode (Radopholus similis), reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) and lance nematode (Hoplolaimus columbus) consequently based on approximately base pair of 1.7, 1.1 and 0.52 kb (different Meloidogyne spp.) 0.52, 0.52, 0.25 and 2.3 kb of specific genes. From evolutionary analysis, it might be said that Meloidogyne species are strongly related with each other making clusters except Meloidogyne natalie where this one is closely related with Hoplolaimus columbus in their evolutionary relationship as remaining others (Rotylenchulus reniformis, Radopholus similis, Pratylenchus brachyurus) are in different clusters in the same clade and this result could be confirmed after sequencing. J. Bio-Sci. 29(1): 101-109, 2021 (June)

Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in human breast milk in Bangladesh.

Breast milk is the best, most complete form of nutrition for newborns and infants. However, human milk can contain aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) upon ingestion of dietary mycotoxin contaminants, namely, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), by lactating mothers. AFB1 and its hydroxylated metabolite AFM1 are potent carcinogens and thus an important issue in food safety and public health. This study is the first to explore the presence of AFM1 in breast milk samples from Bangladesh and assess infant exposure to this toxin, as a consequence of maternal mycotoxin intake. A total of 62 breast milk samples were collected from nursing mothers in Sylhet region of Bangladesh. The milk samples were collected between October 2019 and March 2020 and analyzed by a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AFM1 was detected in 51.6% of the breast milk samples (colostrum, transitional and mature milk), with a mean concentration of 4.42 ± 0.56 pg/mL, and in the range between LOD (4.0 pg/mL) and 6.66 pg/mL. The frequent detection of AFM1 in breast milk indicates widespread dietary exposure to mycotoxins in our cohort. The estimated average daily intake of AFM1 for all nursed infants was 0.49 ng/kg b.w./day. No significant correlations were observed between AFM1 levels in human milk and food items regularly consumed by nursing women. Overall, AFM1 levels in breast milk samples from the Sylhet region of Bangladesh are moderate, and lower than the permissible levels established for AFM1 in dairy milk or infant formulae (50 and 25 ng/kg, respectively). Yet, this first data for AFM1 breast milk contaminant levels just reflect the recent situation in one cohort, and monitoring should be continued.

A Study on Morpho-Nutritional Variability Among Lablab Bean Genotypes

To evaluate the morphological and nutritional variability among six lablab bean (Lablab purpureusL.) genotypes, a study was carried out at Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh and at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) during mid-July 2014 to mid-March 2015. Significant morphological variations were noted in both seedling and vegetative stages in their growth. In addition, there were three distinct flower and flower wings color viz. white in SB003; violet in SB010, Rupvan, Auto, and Kanchan; and light violet in SB011 were noted among the genotypes. Further, 8 or 9 layers of flower wings were observed among the genotypes and the inflorescence length varied from 46.40 cm (SB011) to 42.40 cm (SB010). Considering the pod characteristics, pod length and breadth varied from 14.13 cm (SB011) to 8.13 cm(SB010), and 2.68 cm (Auto) to 2.43 cm (SB010), respectively. Significant variations were also noted for pod yield characteristics. The genotype of Kanchan had the highest number of pod/plant (202.7), whereas Auto had the highest pod yield (23.05 t/ha) followed by Kanchan (19.26 t/ha).The study also revealed that pod yield (t/ha) was positively correlated with the number of pods/plant (0.71), pod weight/plant (1.00), individual pod weight (0.65) and pod yield/decimal (1.00) among the genotypes. Furthermore, significant variations were also noted for the nutrient compositions among the genotypes. The analytical experiment shows that Auto had the highest proportion of Cu (15.28 ppm), Fe (122.22 ppm), Mn (40.74 ppm), B (60.60 ppm), S (0.158 %) and Ca (1.67%). In contrast, the genotype of SB003 had the highest amount of Zn (61.86 ppm) and SB011 had Mg (785 %) content. Therefore, the genotypes of Auto and Kanchan would be recommended for cultivation in the Sylhet region of Bangladesh.

Assessment of High-yielding Rapeseed-mustard Varieties in Haor (Wetland) Ecosystem for Development of Mustard-Boro Rice-Fallow Pattern in Sylhet Region of Bangladesh

Aims: To assess the suitability of short duration high yielding rapeseed-mustard variety(s) cultivation in the haor (wetland) areas.
 Study Design: Randomized complete block (RCB).
 Place and Duration of Study: Farmers’ field of Lalakhal, Jaintapur Upazila of Sylhet, Bangladesh during November 2014 to February 2015.
 Methodology: The treatments included in the experiment were seven rapeseed-mustard varieties viz. i. Tori-7, ii. BARI sarisha-13, iii. BARI sarisha-14, iv. BARI sarisha-15, v. BARI sarisha-16, vi. advanced line Nap-205 and vii. BINA sarisha-4. Design of the experiment was randomized complete block (RCB) with three replications.
 Results: The results revealed that BARI sarisha-16 produced the highest seed yield (1.99 t ha-1), but it took the maximum days (92) to maturity. The variety BARI sarisha-15 produced the second highest seed yield (1.78 t ha-1) closely followed by BINA sarisha-4 (1.75 t ha-1) and BARI sarisha-13 (1.68 t ha-1). The lowest seed yield (1.53 t ha-1) was obtained from the variety Tori-7 which was statistically similar to that of BARI sarisha-14 (1.59 t ha-1) and Nap-205 (1.68 t ha-1). Tori-7 took the minimum days (74.7) to maturity while BARI sarisha-15 took 77.7 days.
 Conclusion: Variety BARI sarisha-15 could be a good option for haor areas for cultivation in medium low land before Boro rice after recession of rainwater, as it took less duration to maturity (77.7 days) with good seed yield (1.78 t ha-1).

Some Aspects of Reproduction in Amblypharyngodon mola from Sylhet, Northeast Bangladesh

The mola carplet, Amblypharyngodon mola (Hamilton, 1822) is the most common small indigenous freshwater fish species in Bangladesh. The precise information addressing the reproduction in this species including breeding peak, ovarian histology, morphometry, and sex ration in nature is still insufficient. A one yearlong filed survey and different laboratory assays have been directed to disclose some key features of reproduction in female A. mola from wetland reservoirs in the greater Sylhet region in Bangladesh. The total length and the body weight have shown a strong correlation with gonad weight, occupying statistical r2 values of 0.89 and 0.91, respectively. However, a Chi-square test at P<0.05 reported no significant deviation in sex ration of the wetland’s stock. The maximum fecundity has been reported during the month of May as 12569+620 while the lowest is during the month of July as 9377+455. The highest values for gonadosomatic index have been reported in May while the lowest is in January with another peak in November. The histological study of ovarian cells resulted in the characterization of oocytes, previtellogenic oocytes, vitellogenic oocytes, perinuclear oocytes, and mature cells with yolk mass. 

On-Farm Adaptation of Some Oilseed Crops Under Acidic Soil of Sylhet Region in Bangladesh

Screening of improve varieties for new areas is necessary to address the soil and environment for improving crop production systems. In this context, six separate field trials were conducted at farmer’s field in Sylhet areas for the two consecutive crop seasons during 2017-18 and 2018-19, respectively to evaluate the performance of improved varieties of crops with the existing cultivars. Each experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with six dispersed replications. The unit plot size was varied with experiments. The result showed that improved varieties of oilseed crops mustard var. BARI Sarisha-16, soybean var. BARI Soybean-6, groundnut var. BARI Chinabadam-9, sesame var. BARI Til-4 and sunflower var. BARI Surjomukhi-2 performed better under the soil and climatic conditions of Sylhet region. This result reveled that these varieties of oilseed crops could be suitable for higher productivity and economic return.
 Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(2): 87-95

Empowering tribal women through entrepreneurship in Sylhet region of Bangladesh

To promote women empowerment, entrepreneurship provide economic power meant to increase women’s access to economic resources in the households. This paper aims to address the effect of entrepreneurship on specific domains of women decision-making power and how it relates to women empowerment. Furthermore, it examines a specific pathway to better understand whether increased access to entrepreneurship translates into empowerment in intra-household decision-making for tribal women of Bangladesh. One hundred and eighty tribal women entrepreneurs interviewed considering two districts of Sylhet division using face to face interview schedules and Focus Group Discussion. The results generally indicate that four socioeconomic factors as education, personal income, training and association with NGOs, were major to becoming entrepreneurs. In some cases the value of decision goes to the husband; in other cases, all goes to the wife alone; in other cases the value of decisions is shared equally husband and wife. Tribal women become more empowered after entrepreneurship and increased their intra-household decision-making from 0.71 to 1.30. It also found that entrepreneurship had a positive and significant impact on women empowerment in the emerging of tribal economies. It was therefore, suggested that Govt. and other relevant organization should take some initiatives as specific enterprise related infrastructure development, accessibility to loans, enterprise based education, and specific market establishment.

When migrants become hosts and nonmigrants become mobile: Bangladeshis visiting their friends and relatives in London

AbstractMost studies of migrants visiting their friends and relatives (VFR) are on homeland visits. In this article, we reverse the transnational optic and study nonmigrants from the country of origin visiting their migrated friends and relatives abroad. We draw on participant observation and 57 interviews with migrant hosts and nonmigrant visitors carried out in London and in the Sylhet region of Bangladesh. Visits from the homeland to the diaspora are found to be deeply meaningful for the maintenance of transnational familyhood, especially at critical moments such as weddings, childbirth, and end of life. They are performative acts of belonging with unwritten rules of mutual obligations and choreographed itineraries to the houses of relatives and friends and to tourist sites. They also represent inequalities in economic status and social mobility between the migrants and their left‐behind relatives and friends in Bangladesh. Most visits are enjoyable for all concerned, but subtle tensions can arise, for instance, in the hosts' difficulty in managing their ongoing working lives with duties of hospitality and acting as guides and in visitors' intense schedule of duty visits to many relatives and lack of agency in stepping out of the Bangladeshi community in London. Furthermore, in an increasingly hostile environment for getting visas to visit the United Kingdom, an unequal and inhumane situation arises of blocked mobility.

The Measures of Efficiency of Power Generation Plants in Sylhet of Bangladesh

This study measures the performance of power generation plants in Sylhet region of Bangladesh considering twenty-four-month monthly dataset during 2013-14. To measure the performance of those plants, gross electricity generation was considered as output for the stochastic frontier model, whereas fuel consumption, lube oil consumption, auxiliary consumption, cost, heat rate, and hours of run were considered as input variables. Based on the log-likelihood hypothesis test, trans-log production model is preferred over Cobb–Douglas (C-D) production model for this study. The average efficiency of the selected plants is above 90 percent, and there is Sylhet Combined Cycle Power Plant (CCPP) which has an efficiency of about 78.6 percent for truncated normal distribution. In the time-variant inefficiency effects model, fuel consumption, cost, square product of lube oil consumption, interaction between fuel consumption and lube oil consumption as well as auxiliary consumption, and hours of run have a significant positive influence on power generation. On the other hand, some input variables such as hours of run and interaction between cost and heat rate have a significant negative influence on power generation. The estimated values of the time-varying inefficiency parameter η are positive for both the truncated and the half-normal distribution. This result indicates that technical efficiency has declined over the reference period of the study.

Proximate and micronutrient analysis of orange fleshed sweet potato leaves grown in Sylhet regions of Bangladesh

Sweet potato leaves are the traditional indigenous vegetables and most economically efficient source of micronutrients in terms of both land required and production costs per unit. This study aimed to compare and identify one variety rich with proximate, microelements and anti-oxidants from three high yielding sweet potato varieties viz. BARI SP-04, BARI SP -11 and BARI SP-12 including one local genotype leaves that helps provide leafy vegetables as well as micronutrients to poor community in lean vegetables production period of Sylhet regions. The tested varieties and genotype showed significant variation in different nutrient contents. In case of proximate composition the highest ether extract was found in BARI SP-11 (7.33% ±0.64 DW) and the lowest in BARI SP-04 variety (3.80% ± 0.42 DW). And the ash contents range was (12.05% ± 0.89 to 16.43% ± 1.02 DW), but the highest was recorded in BARI SP-12 and the lowest in BARI SP-04. In case of crude fiber the highest (19.99% ± 1.06 DW) was found in BARI SP-11 and the lowest (16.73% ± 0.62 DW) in local genotype. The microelements composition result revealed that BARI SP-04 reserved the highest (32.82 ± 4.5 mg 100 g-1) Iron & (2.1± 0.5 mg 100 g-1) Zinc and the lowest (19.40 ± 2.5 mg 100 g-1) Iron and (1.27 ± 0.2 mg 100 g-1) Zn in BARI SP-11 & local genotype respectively. However in case of phenolic compound, the highest 257.00 ± 10.3 mg TAE 100 g-1 DW was found in local genotype followed BARI SP-11 and BARI SP-12 but the lowest amount 218.75 ± 7.8 mg TAE 100g-1 DW was recorded in BARI SP-04. These results revealed that BARI SP-12 leaves reserved average standard proximate, microelements and antioxidant among the studied varieties and genotype. But all varieties leaves except local genotype contained essential nutrients which may favorably well to meet micronutrient deficiency especially lean vegetable production period for poor community in Sylhet region of Bangladesh.
 Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(1): 43-50, April 2020

Comparative Study on existing livestock production scenario in some selected areas of Sylhet region in Bangladesh

The study was designed to know the existing stocks under subsistence farming conditions to a specific area in Sylhet districts. Keeping this mind Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute initiated a baseline survey, awareness build-up through training programme and proper technical advisory services during July 2015 to June 2016 in Jaintapur and Balaganj upazilas under Sylhet district. For doing this, a total 200 respondents from two upazilas were randomly selected and interviewed face to face interview of every family in the village through pre-tested questionnaire for collection of information. A focus group discussion was also carried out to supplement the surveyed covering to assess the household asset possession, existing livestock production potentiality, available feed resources and disease prevalence situation as well as to find out the constraints prevailed at farmers level. After completing the base line survey, one hundred beneficiaries were selected randomly from two upazillas (50 from each upazilla) and were given training and demonstration of farm management activities and side by side proper technical advisory services also for creating awareness. The findings of baseline survey information indicated irrespective of the land, manpower, livestock resource and other input that are always being considered as social and economical up-liftman indicator for and specific area, the studied area is not exceptional. Any technology when introduce for specific area for specific purpose most of cases found remarkable improvement. So the scope and opportunity that is prevail in the studied area, being nourished through respective technological intervention for livestock development could be achieved. In this regard especially for livestock development, BLRI developed suitable technological intervention and awareness build-up programme is needed to a large area in different parts of the country to increase the overall existing livestock productivity to a great extent.
 Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 21-25: 56-64, 2018

Gross and Microscopic Study of Pneumonic Lungs, Liver and Intestine from Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Suspected Dead Goat in Sylhet Region of Bangladesh

Gross and Microscopic Study of Pneumonic Lungs, Liver and Intestine from Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Suspected Dead Goat in Sylhet Region of Bangladesh

Economic Evaluation of Production Costs and Returns of Potato Crop in Sylhet Region of Bangladesh

Potato production is becoming one of the major profitable crops among the famers in the northeastern part of Bangladesh. This study investigates the occupational status, land tenure arrangement, household income scenarios, and estimates the level of costs and net income variation for potato production in the greater Sylhet areas of Bangladesh by using the both descriptive and statistical techniques. The descriptive results exhibit that most of the households involved in farming as well as other income generating activities; however, the highest income share comes from the household business followed by agricultural activities. Near about half of the farmers belonged from the small category (46.39 percent) and around 37 percent were pure tenant while 30 percent were mixed tenant involved with both sharecropping and cash lease farming. Nonagricultural income and remittance are the key income sources of employment that influence the average per capita income. Agriculture share was approximately 9 percent in total household income where rice dominates the major share and potato does not have significant contribution. However, seed, irrigation, fertilizer, and hired labor cost were the major cost components for potato cultivation. This study also decomposed the variance of net income into different factors and found that gross income difference exists among the farmers due to the fertilizer and seed cost variation. Gross income explained the net income variation, which implies that potato yield or potato price (quality) or both vary widely among the farmers. This study can contribute to making links between the shares of farm household income that would be helpful for policy makers to understand the causes of cost and income variation as well as opt for better strategies to support the farmers.

Prevalence of Haemoprotozoan Diseases in Black Bengal Goats of Sylhet Region of Bangladesh

The study was conducted to ascertain the prevalence of haemoprotozoan diseases in Black Bengal goat at Sylhet District of Bangladesh during the period from January to December 2018. In this study, determination of haemoprotozoan disease in relation to age, sex and season dynamics were studied. A total of 100 goats were examined, among which 25 (25%) was found to be infected with different haemoprotozoan diseases where Babesiosis was (05%), Anaplasmosis was (12%) and mixed infection was (08%). In this study, determination of haemoprotozoan disease in relation to age, sex and season dynamics were studied. Male(15.22%)animals were more susceptible to Anaplasmosis infections than female (9.26%) where Babesiosis were higher in female (5.56%) than male (4.35%).In case of mixed infection male (8.70%) were more susceptible than female (7.41%).In age group, higher prevalence was found (8.11%) in >2 years of age than (4.17%) in 1-2 years in Babesiosis. Slightly higher prevalence was found (13.33%) in 2 years in Anaplasmosis. Higher prevalence was found (12.50%) in 1-2 years of age where (5.41%) in >2 years in case of mixed infection. In Babesiosis highest prevalence was observed in rainy season (7.50%) followed by winter (3.45%) and summer (3.23%). Comparatively higher prevalence was observed in rainy season (15.00%) followed by summer (12.90%) and winter (6.90%) in Anaplasmosis. In case of mixed infection higher prevalence was observed in rainy (12.50%) than summer (9.68%).In this study it was observed that there was no statistically significant relationship of haemoprotozoan disease in relation to age, sex, and seasonal variation.

Agro-Economic Performance of Intercropping Hybrid Maize with Vegetables and Spices at Farmer’s Field

The experiment was conducted at Multi Location Testing (MLT) site, Moulvibazar, Bangladesh during rabi season of 2016-17 and 2017-18 to study the profitability of intercropping of hybrid maize with vegetables and spices. Five intercrop combinations of hybrid maize along with sole maize were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated six times. There were six treatments viz., T1: Maize + potato, T2: Maize + red amaranth, T3: Maize + spinach, T4: Maize+ data shak, T5: Maize + coriander and T6: Maize as sole. The grain yield of maize in intercropped combination varied significantly. The highest grain yield (9.71 t ha-1) was in sole maize. The highest maize equivalent yield 15.60 t ha-1 was recorded from the treatment T1 (100% maize + potato) whereas the lowest yield (8.61 t ha-1) was obtained from the treatment T6 (sole maize). The highest gross return (Tk. 312000 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (3.29) was obtained from the treatment T1 (100% maize + potato). On the contrary, the lowest gross margin (Tk. 101600 ha-1) was obtained from treatment T2 (maize + red amaranth). It revealed that the combination of maize with potato was more compatible and profitable intercropping system in Sylhet region of Bangladesh
 Bangladesh Agron. J. 2018, 21(2): 73-78

Association between self-rated health status and chronic diseases among the elderly in the Sylhet city of Bangladesh

Aging is one of the embryonic problems in Bangladesh and this has been gradually increasing with its far-reaching consequences. Elderly can develop new and complicating health problems. In most cases the diseases are chronic and complex. The structures were designed to investigate the health status, depression, and function of the daily living of the older men and women in the Sylhet region of Bangladesh. The data were collected using stratified sampling. We have used cross-sectional methods to analyze the data and performed a chi-square test to test the association and a then bivariate and multivariable logistic regression model was used to evaluate the major risk factors of CVD. In this study, 229 elderly people were considered aged from 60 to 60+ years-old face to face personal interviews. Among them 16.6% elderly are suffering in depression. According to residence, the condition of health is good in the ethnic group (21.9%) and this situation is worse in the rural group (97.5%). In addition, people who have depression were 0.087 times or 91.3% (OR = 1.115, 95% CI 0.273-4.552) less likely to have healthy compared to the people who did not have depression. In this study, we have seen that there were many factors that were associated with health status among different communities’ elderly people in Sylhet. This research will help clinicians and policymakers to develop appropriate strategies of CVD patients and organize health education programs for changing lifestyles among elderly in Sylhet.
 Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2019, 5(3): 197-206

Analysis of Rainfall Variability in Sylhet Region of Bangladesh

The variability and distributions of rainfall of a region is important and useful especially for agricultural activities. The study was conducted to establish the rainfall trends in Sylhet by analyzing available rainfall record for 35 years period of 1981 to 2015. Records of daily rainfall data for Sylhet region were obtained from the Bangladesh Meterological Department (BMD) for analysis. Rainfall data were categorized into monthly, annual, and seasonal basis. The rainfall pattern was studied by statistical analysis and graphical illustration. The mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of annual and monthly rainfall was calculated to understand the rainfall variability. Linear regression analysis revealed downward trend in the data in some months and years but statistically insignificant. From the calculated results, the rainfall pattern is found to be erratic and decreasing pattern. Further, various plotting position formulae available was used to evaluate annual rainfall for various return periods. This analysis will provide necessary information for water resources engineers, planners, and farmers to evaluate the water availability and necessary storage accordingly.

Assessment of heavy metals concentration in water and Tengra fish (Mystus vittatus)of Surma River in Sylhet region of Bangladesh

Assessment of heavy metals concentration in water and Tengra fish (Mystus vittatus)of Surma River in Sylhet region of Bangladesh

Evaluation of Risk Factors Associated with Rotaviral Diarrhoea among Under Five Children in Sylhet Region of Bangladesh

Retrovirus is the major cause of acute severe diarrhea in under five children and contributing 10,000 to 27000 deaths each year in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was designed to determine the risk factors associated with Rotaviral among under five children admitted in the Department of Paediatrics, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet and was carried out in the Department of Microbiology during the period from 1st January to 31st December, 2018. Total 184 under five children with acute watery diarrhoea were enrolled in this study by convenient sampling. Stool samples were obtained and assayed for rotavirus antigens by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Rotaviral antigen was found positive in 86 cases.The Rotavirus infection was found highest in age group of 7 to 12 months (50.56%) and in male (59.30%) children. It was found significantly higher in patients from lower socio-economic condition (64.00%), those who were from rural area (48.75%) and children who were not exclusively breastfed (83.87%). Bottle feeding, lower educational level of mother and overweight of children may serve as predisposing factors of rotavirus disease in these children.
 Bangladesh Med J. 2019 May; 48 (2): 32-37

Coprological, Abattoir Survey and Economic Significance of Bovine Fascioliasis at Sylhet Region of Bangladesh

Coprological, Abattoir Survey and Economic Significance of Bovine Fascioliasis at Sylhet Region of Bangladesh