Swimming Instructors Research Articles

Pedagogical Competence Analysis Based on the TPACK Model: Focus on VR-Based Survival Swimming Instructors

This study explores the pedagogical competence of VR-based survival swimming instructors in South Korea, focusing on their application of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). Employing qualitative methodology, we conducted in-depth interviews with 11 instructors to understand their instructional strategies within a VR context. The study aimed to identify how instructors integrate TPACK components into their teaching, specifically exploring technological content knowledge (content utilization, equipment preparation, addressing dizziness), pedagogical content knowledge (creating a conducive learning environment, enhancing student engagement), and technological pedagogical knowledge (setting appropriate learning objectives and guidelines, educational assessment), understanding learners, and pedagogical beliefs and philosophy. Our findings reveal that VR-based instructors proficiently blend these knowledge domains to enhance the effectiveness of survival swimming education. The results demonstrate that strategic pedagogical approaches are crucial in leveraging VR technology for educational outcomes, highlighting the importance of instructor competence in successfully implementing VR in teaching. This research contributes to the literature by detailing specific competencies critical for VR-based education and suggesting that a thorough understanding and application of the TPACK framework are essential for optimizing VR’s educational potential.

TEACHING STRATEGIES IN SWIMMING AND AQUATICS

Research-based instructional materials, such as course manuals, should be used to optimize the performance of instructors teaching swimming and aquatics. This study used an exploratory research design to explore the teaching strategies and challenges of ten swimming and aquatic course instructors at Bicol University through survey interviews and curriculum analysis. The study revealed that the instructors used various teaching approaches in the course, depending on the topic. Major challenges were poor facilities, overcrowded pools, and a lack of professional development. A course manual covering the eight topics of the course was developed. The manual was evaluated and scored as acceptable for use in teaching the course. It was concluded that the techniques for implementing theory-based learning and the difficulties that educators face may serve as the foundation for the development of successful teaching resources, such as books and manuals. Strong institutional support for providing adequate facilities and professional development for instructors is recommended. Use of the manual developed here is encouraged to evaluate its effectiveness.

생활체육 수영지도자의 피드백 유형이 지도자 신뢰 및 운동몰입에 미치는 영향

Objectives The Purpose of this study is to identify how much participants are satisfied and their exercise sustain-ability increases when sports for all instructors provide certain types of feedback.
 Methods The sampling methods used in the study is the judgment sampling which is the method of extracting samples after selecting sports for all swimming participants, who are currently enrolling in the swimming classes in Seoul, and distributed 320 questionnaires. In the actual analysis, the researcher analyzed 300 questionnaires excluding 20 questionnaires which were in discord with the question or missing some part of investigation contents. The analysis methods used in the study are SPSS 29.0 program and AMOS program. Frequency Analysis is used to analyze the respondents’ general characteristics. Exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis are used to define the questionnaires about sports for all swimming instructors’ Feedback type, sports for all swim-ming participants’ instructors Trust and Sport Flow. Moreover, t-test and one way-ANOVA are used to identify the differences between these three variables. After that, correlation analysis is used to clarify correlations between three variables and which variables affect which variables.
 Results There was no significant difference in Sports for all swimming participants’ general characteristics by Sports for all swimming Instructors’ Feedback Type, Instructors Trust, and Sport Flow. The correlation of Sports for all swimming Instructors’ Feedback Type and Instructors Trust showed a positive correlation. Also, Instructors Trust and Sport Flow showed a statistically positive correlation. As a result of clarifying the effect of sub-factors of Sports for all swimming Instructors’ Feedback Type on sub-factors of Instructors Trust, it showed that positive general feedback performance knowledge feedback, and positive non-verbal feedback have an positive effect on sub-factors of Instructors Trust(p<0.05), while negative non-verbal feedback did not as well as in the analysis of The effect of sub-factors of Sports for all swimming Instructors’ Feedback Type on sub-factors of Sport Flow. As a result of analyzing the effect of sub-factors of Instructors Trust on sub-factors of Sport Flow, it appeared that diligence(p<0.023), openness(p<0.008), altruism(p<0.037) affecting cognitive commitment, and con-sistency(p<0.056) and ability(p<0.06) did not.
 Conclusions Firstly, there is no major difference on Instructors Trust and Sport Flow by gender, Sports for all swimming careers and frequency of exercise. Secondly, Sports for all swimming instructors’ Feedback Type has a partial effect on participants’ Instructors Trust. Specifically general positive feedback, performance knowledge feedback, and positive non-verbal feedback had a positive effect on consistency, ability and openness which are sub-factors of Instructors Trust, while negative verbal feedback had a negative effect on those three sub-factors. However, there is no effect on diligence and altruism, which are sub-factors of Instructors Trust, at all.

The Role of Swimming in Maintaining Body Health From an Islamic Perspective

This study aims to explore the role of swimming in maintaining a healthy body from an Islamic perspective. The research method used is a qualitative method with data collection techniques such as interviews, observation, and literature studies. The research participants consisted of swimming athletes, swimming instructors, and participants in swimming sports programs in public places who came from the Muslim community. Research results show that swimming sports can provide great benefits for body health, such as increasing muscle strength, improving the cardiovascular system, and helping to lose weight. In the view of Islam, maintaining a healthy body is a requirement that must be met by every Muslim. However, as a Muslim, it is not enough just to do swimming, but also to pay attention to aspects related to religion, such as maintaining private parts, polite behavior, and avoiding things that can interfere with worship. The conclusion from this study is that swimming can be used as a way to maintain a healthy body and fulfill religious demands. However, in doing swimming sports, it is necessary to pay attention to aspects related to religion and local culture. Therefore, the recommendation from this study is that the government or educational institutions can develop swimming sports programs that are in accordance with Islamic views and local culture. In addition, the Muslim community also needs to choose the type of sport that is in accordance with local religious and cultural views in order to maintain a healthy body and protect religion.

How intrinsically motivating are swimming instructors/lessons in the Netherlands? An observational study through the lens of self-determination theory.

It is desirable that (more) children continue swimming after having completed their swimming lessons to preserve their swimming skills and water safety, and as part of an active, healthy lifestyle. This may be encouraged by stirring children's intrinsic motivation for swimming during swimming lessons. However, it is currently unknown how intrinsically motivating swimming lessons are in Western countries. This study examined to what extent swimming instructors in the Netherlands cater to the basic needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness, which, according to Self-Determination Theory (SDT), promote intrinsic motivation. Additionally, it examined whether an SDT-based teaching program prompts instructors to better meet these needs, and to what extent the teaching program, the education and experience of the instructor, and the group size predict the employment of SDT in swimming lessons. A total of 128 swimming lessons given by equally many instructors were observed in the Netherlands and rated on a modified version of the SDT teaching style scale to assess autonomy, competence, and relatedness support. The swimming lessons referred to four teaching programs, one of which was explicitly based on SDT. Instructors exhibited autonomy-thwarting, weakly competence-supportive, and relatedness-supportive behaviors. The SDT-based teaching program scored higher on the provision of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in lessons. This finding was significant for autonomy. Teaching program was the only significant predictor of SDT employment by instructors. Further improvement is desirable in catering to the basic needs, particularly autonomy, which can be achieved by deliberately implementing the principles of SDT into teaching programs for swimming.

Association between the Upper Quarter Dynamic Balance, Anthropometrics, Kinematics, and Swimming Speed.

Besides recurrently assessed water-based parameters, there are also some individual characteristics that affect swimming performance that are not water related. In the past few years, dynamic balance has been associated with land sports performance. Conversely, evidence on this topic in swimming is scarce. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between on-land dynamic balance and swimming performance. Sixteen young adults and recreational swimmers were recruited for the present study (8 males 20.8 ± 2.0 years, and 8 females 20.1 ± 1.9 years). A set of anthropometric features were measured. The upper quarter Y-balance test was selected as a dynamic balance outcome, and swimming speed as the swimming performance indicator. The results showed a moderate and positive correlation between dynamic balance and swimming performance (p < 0.05). Speed fluctuation was highly and negatively related to swimming speed (p < 0.001), i.e., swimmers who had higher scores in the dynamic balance were more likely to deliver better performances. This suggests that in recreational swimmers, the stability and mobility of the upper extremity had a greater influence on swimming performance. Therefore, swimming instructors are advised to include dynamic balance exercises in their land-based training sessions to improve their swimmers' performance.

수영지도자의 비언어적 커뮤니케이션, 감정반응, 고객만족, 장기적 관계지향성의 관계

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between swimming instructors’ nonverbal communication and emotional response, customer satisfaction, and long-term relationship orientation BR Method: This study selected swimmers from five swimming pools in Busna and collected 437 samples through convenience sampling methods. The data from 412 people were used for the actual analysis, excluding those of 25 people whose answers were judged to be dishonest or inconsistent. For data analysis, this study conducted frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, simple regression analysis, and multiple regression analysis using the SPSS statistics 26.0 program. Based on the above methods and data analysis results, the results derived from this study are as follows.BR Results: First, the nonverbal communication of swimming instructors had a significant effect on emotional responses. Second, nonverbal communication of swimming instructors had a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Third, emotional responses had a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Fourth, emotional responses had a significant effect on long-term relationship orientation. Fifth, customer satisfaction had a significant effect on long-term relationship orientation.BR Conclusion: In summary, it shows that the active use of nonverbal communication by swim instructors can lead to long-term relationships in the future by increasing participants’ positive responses and satisfaction. Therefore, swimming instructors should actively utilize nonverbal communication to satisfy customer needs through continuous interaction with customers and seek ways to elicit positive emotions and satisfaction in customers.

수영지도자 자격 운영체계 선진사례 비교 연구 : 일본, 호주, 미국을 중심으로

Considering the case of swimming instructors in Korea, the structure nor the certificates of trusted instructors in the Korea Swimming Federation are composed. Policies of Childhood Swimming Education and Survival Swimming Education have taken its place since the Sewol Ferry incident; however, standardized and systematic educational operating systems and programs are being required today. Study intentions are to extract practical implications through analyzing cases of swimming instructor education management systems in developed countries abroad. This study utilizes the literature analysis method to present implications for the Korean swimming instructor education system through comparison and analysis of cases of swimming instructor education in countries such as the United States, Japan, and Australia. Results show that first, education of swimming instructors in foreign countries advanced in swimming is conducted through selected federations or control towers. Second, qualifications of leaders in foreign countries are divided into different areas such as daily sports- which includes school sports, and swimming guidance for fostering elite swimmers. For each purpose, leaders are educated, fostered, and interconnected. Last, each instructor is classified and graded based on teaching level and target, then creating a suitable curriculum of scientific theory and practice for each educational purpose to promote the effectiveness of qualification education.

해외 선진사례를 통한 한국형 수영지도자 교육프로그램 및 평가 비교분석 연구

The purpose of this study is to extract implications relating to educational programs of swimming instructors and qualification by analyzing cases of foreign countries advanced in swimming. Swimming education in Japan, Australia, and the United States were analyzed utilizing literature review, including articles, official reports, and press releases. As a result, first, qualifications of instructors are classified by target and level to strengthen the educational capabilities of instructors, and the goals and effects regarding their education are clearly presented. Second, the educational course of instructors lead a natural interconnection between daily swimming and elite swimming. To conclude, such results and implications must be implemented into the process of the education process and evaluation system of swimming instructors in Korea. This also shows the necessity of research for this area.

The Role of Volunteers in a Swimming Organization for Persons with Disabilities.

Participation in leisure time physical activity (LTPA) has considerable health-related, psychological, and social benefits. However, the involvement of individuals with disabilities is considerably less than that of their peers without disabilities. A higher rate of participation of individuals with disabilities in LTPA may be achieved by the active involvement of volunteers. This study aimed to describe the importance of volunteer involvement in a swimming organization focused on individuals with disabilities, as perceived by all participants, including swimmers with disabilities, their parents, volunteers, and coaches. The organization uses volunteers as swimming instructors who work individually with swimmers with disabilities. The data were obtained through 11 semi-structured interviews with swimmers with disabilities and their parents, volunteers, and coaches. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a five-step inductive thematic analysis. As a result of the cooperation with the volunteer swimming instructors, swimmers with disabilities felt an improved range of movement, greater independence, and higher self-esteem than before they started using the services of the swimming organization. Consequently, even individuals with severe disabilities can participate in LTPA. Membership to the organization also provided space for the establishment of new social relations, and the instructors described them accepting persons with disabilities as their equals. More importantly, the involvement of volunteers enables organizations to provide respite care for parents.

Exploring Virtual Reality-based Teaching Capacities: Focusing on Survival Swimming during COVID-19

This study aims to analyse teaching capacities exhibited by survival swimming instructors applying virtual reality (VR) devices in the education field. We conducted in-depth interviews with swimming instructors to obtain research data, which was then qualitatively analysed. Based on the research results, the following capacities were derived. First, as the VR and simulator-based survival swimming classes utilise educational equipment, the ability to skilfully handle educational equipment is considered a vital teaching capacity. Second, strong communication skills are required to accurately explain the class objectives and contents. To achieve the class goals, teachers should practice using educational equipment before class, answer students' queries during and after practice, and prepare the necessary materials so that the class is well organised. Finally, the principal lecturer needs to be able to quickly improvise in various situations as needed to ensure students remain focused. Under the circumstances where survival swimming education was restricted due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the research results indicated that survival swimming education applying VR and simulation devices allowed students to indirectly gain experience, interest, and pleasure. Therefore, it is expected that VR-based education can increase students’ interest and learning performance in survival swimming. Finally, VR-based teaching capacities were derived based on the research results.

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDITY OF THE FRONT CRAWL TECHNIQUE ASSESSMENT TOOL: A PILOT STUDY

Swim coaches conduct the technique analysis themselves, through observation and qualitative assessment. The latter is based on their own knowledge and experience. They have to identify the technique mistakes and assess them in terms of their impact on the swimmer's performance. Recognizing this, there is a clear need for an assessment tool which can help swimming instructors and coaches in their work with swimmers of different quality levels. The study aimed to first develop and then validate a tool for the front crawl technique assessment (FCTA). Twenty-one experienced swimming instructors and coaches evaluated 48 mistakes most common in the front crawl for their impact on swimming performance. Based on their perceptions, we developed the FCTA tool. By using the FCTA, we numerically evaluated the mistakes that occurred during participants’ maximal 50-meter front crawl test. We found a strong correlation between both the times achieved and amounts of numerically evaluated mistakes made by the participants in the swim test. These results indicated that the FCTA could be a valid tool to effectively assess the technical skills of intermediate and advanced level swimmers in front crawl. However, this was a pilot study, so all conclusions are preliminary and require further research.

Health effects of exposure to chlorination by-products in swimming pools.

Concerns have been raised regarding the potential negative effects on human health of water disinfectants used in swimming pools. Among the disinfection options, the approaches using chlorine-based products have been typically preferred. Chlorine readily reacts with natural organic matter that are introduced in the water mainly through the bathers, leading to the formation of potentially harmful chlorination by-products (CBPs). The formation of CBPs is of particular concern since some have been epidemiologically associated with the development of various clinical manifestations. The higher the concentration of volatile CBPs in the water, the higher their concentration in the air above the pool, and different routes of exposure to chemicals in swimming pools (water ingestion, skin absorption, and inhalation) contribute to the individual exposome. Some CBPs may affect the respiratory and skin health of those who stay indoor for long periods, such as swimming instructors, pool staff, and competitive swimmers. Whether those who use chlorinated pools as customers, particularly children, may also be affected has been a matter of debate. In this article, we discuss the current evidence regarding the health effects of both acute and chronic exposures in different populations (work-related exposures, intensive sports, and recreational attendance) and identify the main recommendations and unmet needs for research in this area.

Occupational Disorders, Daily Workload, and Fitness Levels Among Fitness and Swimming Instructors.

Few data have been published on occupational disorders among sports instructors, especially regarding those who are expected to continuously practice while teaching. As the number of sports instructors increases, new specific information about their possible injuries, daily workload, and fitness levels is needed. The aim of this study was to assess occupational disorders, cardiorespiratory fitness, and daily workload of fitness (FI) and swimming instructors (SI). An online survey addressing occupational disorders was conducted among 435 instructors (256 FI and 179 SI). In one subgroup (57 FI and 42 SI), cardiorespiratory fitness levels were evaluated using maximal oxygen consumption (O2max) as an indicator. Daily workload was assessed by monitoring the heart rate and perception of exertion (using the Borg scale). Of the two groups, FI exhibited a higher 2-year prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries and SI experienced more upper respiratory tract infections. O2max ranged from 47.0 to 51.9 ml·kg−1·min−1 and was similar for both FI and SI. Regarding the daily workload, female SI had significantly higher mean heart rate and mean heart rate to maximal heart rate ratio compared to female FI, but no significant differences between male FI and SI were found. No significant differences were observed between the perceived exertion of FI and SI. Preventive strategies for the reduction of occupational disorders in FI and SI are needed.

Outsourcing Swimming Education-Experiences and Challenges.

In Norway, swimming and lifesaving education (swimming education) is an obligatory part of physical education, with explicit learning aims after grade four. After recent reports of Norwegian pupils achieving low scores in swimming abilities, the Government has outlined strategies for improving swimming education. There is a notable trend toward using external providers in delivering swimming education. This article examines the outsourcing of swimming education in Norwegian primary schools. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with school leaders, physical education teachers and swimming instructors involved in outsourcing arrangements. The outsourcing was organized through private providers, municipalities, or local swimming clubs. Data were analyzed thematically and separated into highlighted areas of outsourcing practices. The results showed that outsourcing may be a solution for schools that lack staff with swimming experience and knowledge. It also indicates that teacher courses, professional development through collaboration, and strategies for measuring quality would improve swimming education.

Impact of community-based first responder development for the management of drowning casualties in rural areas of Bangladesh

BackgroundDrowning is the leading cause of childhood death in Bangladesh. In order to minimize the number of casualties Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, Bangladesh (CIPRB) incorporated a ‘first responder’ program which includes Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), in community based drowning prevention program, SwimSafe. Along with swimming lessons, swimming instructors provide first responder services in the community. The objective of this study was to describe the results of the volunteer based first responder services for the management of drowned casualties between 2012 and 2015 in the rural communities of Bangladesh.MethodsAdolescents and youths who volunteered as community swimming instructors were trained as first responders to provide first aid and resuscitation in the community. Trainers from the International Drowning Research Centre Bangladesh (IDRC-B) of CIPRB delivered the training. The first responders were also trained on the documentation of the first responder services they provided in the community. The documented records were collected from the volunteers on a regular basis; when drowning cases were reported CIPRB management followed up with an in depth data collection, using a structured form.Results2,305 community volunteers were trained between 2012 and 2015. Of them 1,461 reported providing first responder services among 6,773 casualties, including 184 drowning casualties. Of the drowning casualties, volunteers treated 31 casualties with Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), 51 casualties by putting into the recovery position and 102 casualties were treated for the shock on site. Of those given CPR, 22 (71%) survived and 9 (29%) died. After receiving treatment from the first responder 104 (56.5%) of the drowning casualties were referred to health facilities for further treatment.ConclusionsThe training of community first responders seems to be an effective way of managing and reducing drowning causalities in countries like Bangladesh, where drowning is a significant public health hazard.

تقویم إمکانات حمامات السباحة بمحافظة القلیوبیة

مستخلص البحثقام الدارس/ مراد محمد رضا عبد الفتاح بدراسة تحت عنوان إمکانات حمامات السباحة بمحافظة القليوبية تهدف إلي تقويم إمکانات حمامات السباحة بمحافظة القليوبية . عينة البحث: تم تطبيق الاستبيان على عينة قوامها (200) فرد من مديري حمامات السباحة ، الأخصائيين الرياضيين المشرفين علي حمامات السباحة ، المدربين ، المنقذين وقد قام الباحث بتطبيق الدراسة الأساسية خلال الفترة من يوم 11/ 2 / 2019 إلى يوم الموافق 25 / 2 / 2019 .وکانت أهم النتائج : • حوض السباحة غير کاف لأعداد الممارسين • أعداد المنقذين غير کافية لأعداد الممارسين.• أعداد مدربي السباحة غير کافية لأعداد الممارسينأن الميزانية المخصصة غير کافية للصرف علي أنشطة حمامات السباحة ويجب تخصيص مساحه لبانرات استقبال ولوحات الدعاية والاعلان للشرکات المختلفة لزيادة الايرادات Summary of the researchThe researcher / Mourad Mohamed Reda AbdEl Fattah study under the title Evaluation of the potential of swimming pools in the province of Qaliubia aims to assess the potential of swimming pools in the province of Qaliubiya. Sample of the research: The questionnaire was applied to a sample of 200 swimming pool managers, sports specialists supervising swimming pools, trainers and rescuers. The researcher applied the basic study during the period from 11/2/2019 to 25 / 2019.The most important results were :* • The swimming pool is not enough for practitioners* • The number of rescuers is insufficient for the number of practitioners* • The number of swimming instructors is insufficient for the number of practitioners*

수영 지도자의 코칭특성과 팀 분위기 및 운동성과의 관계

수영 지도자의 코칭특성과 팀 분위기 및 운동성과의 관계

Crises in the Aquatic Profession

In this paper, I propose there are several crises in the aquatic profession and I explain what they are and how to address them using research and my own observations. I use an innovative questioning process to do this by asking you the reader a series of questions after which I explain each. The first crisis has to do with the quantity of trained swimming instructors relative to the population that they serve. In many western European and North American high income countries (HICs), the teacher:student ratios are declining and it is getting increasingly difficult to hire trained swim instructors. In low and medium income countries (LMICs), the ratios remain devastatingly low and allow few persons to receive formal swim lessons. The second aquatic crisis I address is the apparent lack of competence and experience of many swim instructors in both HICs and LMICs. Part of the issue appears to be that most novice swim instructors only teach for 1-3 years creating a large turnover in instructors. Due to the lack of experience, the likelihood of new instructors to be highly effective is dramatically reduced. Among many training agencies, public pressure has been to reduce the amount of time and expertise required to become certified. The final crisis relates to the aquatic curricula provided by the primary training agencies (e.g., American Red Cross, YMCA of the USA). For the most part, the validity and reliability of swimming curricula have not been evaluated rigorously. Few if any evaluations of the efficacy of swimming curricula have been regularly conducted. The primary measure of program success continues to be how many students are enrolled in programs rather than how well students had learned to swim. I propose an ongoing need to address each of these crises as a primary way to address the drowning crisis faced worldwide.

A Study on the Perception of Swimming Instructors Looking on Survival Swimming Education in Elementary School

A Study on the Perception of Swimming Instructors Looking on Survival Swimming Education in Elementary School