Pedagogical Competence Analysis Based on the TPACK Model: Focus on VR-Based Survival Swimming Instructors

Abstract

This study explores the pedagogical competence of VR-based survival swimming instructors in South Korea, focusing on their application of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). Employing qualitative methodology, we conducted in-depth interviews with 11 instructors to understand their instructional strategies within a VR context. The study aimed to identify how instructors integrate TPACK components into their teaching, specifically exploring technological content knowledge (content utilization, equipment preparation, addressing dizziness), pedagogical content knowledge (creating a conducive learning environment, enhancing student engagement), and technological pedagogical knowledge (setting appropriate learning objectives and guidelines, educational assessment), understanding learners, and pedagogical beliefs and philosophy. Our findings reveal that VR-based instructors proficiently blend these knowledge domains to enhance the effectiveness of survival swimming education. The results demonstrate that strategic pedagogical approaches are crucial in leveraging VR technology for educational outcomes, highlighting the importance of instructor competence in successfully implementing VR in teaching. This research contributes to the literature by detailing specific competencies critical for VR-based education and suggesting that a thorough understanding and application of the TPACK framework are essential for optimizing VR’s educational potential.