Sweet Potato Ipomoea Batatas Research Articles

Morpho-agronomical characterisation of local and international sweetpotato germplasm from the South African collection

Considerable genetic diversity is present amongst the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) accessions that can be selected for breeding. The Agricultural Research Council of South Africa maintains 360 sweetpotato accessions that were bred locally, and introductions from various regions of the world sourced for breeding purposes. The objective of this study was to determine the phenotypic diversity of 73 accessions, using morpho-agronomical characteristics to complement data on protein content of the accessions towards breeding for improved nutritional content. A field study was conducted using a randomized complete block design. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using 38 of the international standardized descriptors for sweetpotato. Agronomic traits including root yield and biomass, and quality traits such as dry matter, β-carotene and protein contents, and root oxidation were determined. Multivariate clustering analysis and principal component analysis grouped the 73 sweetpotato accessions into three main groups. The major traits clustering the accessions were leaf lobe type, central leaf lobe shape, vine tip pubescence, vine pigmentation colour, and flowering ability. Of the 73 accessions 16.4% produced few flowers, 21.9% had intermediate flowering and 9.5% flowered abundantly. This study provided baseline information on the phenotypic diversity of South African sweetpotato collections for effective utilization and future breeding.

Overexpression of phosphatidylserine synthase IbPSS1 affords cellular Na+ homeostasis and salt tolerance by activating plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiport activity in sweet potato roots

Phosphatidylserine synthase (PSS)-mediated phosphatidylserine (PS) synthesis is crucial for plant development. However, little is known about the contribution of PSS to Na+ homeostasis regulation and salt tolerance in plants. Here, we cloned the IbPSS1 gene, which encodes an ortholog of Arabidopsis AtPSS1, from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.). The transient expression of IbPSS1 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves increased PS abundance. We then established an efficient Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated in vivo root transgenic system for sweet potato. Overexpression of IbPSS1 through this system markedly decreased cellular Na+ accumulation in salinized transgenic roots (TRs) compared with adventitious roots. The overexpression of IbPSS1 enhanced salt-induced Na+/H+ antiport activity and increased plasma membrane (PM) Ca2+-permeable channel sensitivity to NaCl and H2O2 in the TRs. We confirmed the important role of IbPSS1 in improving salt tolerance in transgenic sweet potato lines obtained from an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system. Similarly, compared with the wild-type (WT) plants, the transgenic lines presented decreased Na+ accumulation, enhanced Na+ exclusion, and increased PM Ca2+-permeable channel sensitivity to NaCl and H2O2 in the roots. Exogenous application of lysophosphatidylserine triggered similar shifts in Na+ accumulation and Na+ and Ca2+ fluxes in the salinized roots of WT. Overall, this study provides an efficient and reliable transgenic method for functional genomic studies of sweet potato. Our results revealed that IbPSS1 contributes to the salt tolerance of sweet potato by enabling Na+ homeostasis and Na+ exclusion in the roots, and the latter process is possibly controlled by PS reinforcing Ca2+ signaling in the roots.

Influence of ridges for planting sweet potato on symbiotic ecological factors, photosynthetic abilities and population yield in relay intercropping system

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) relay intercropping with maize exposes sweet potato to weak levels of sunlight due to the shadow maize creates during the symbiotic period. The insufficient light accordingly causes slow growth and development of vines and leaves of sweet potato in its early stage. The planting density and row direction of maize, the width of the intercropping strip, and the lodging type of sweet potato may form various photo conditions that influence sweet potato. The objective of this experiment was to research the effects of different ridging types on sweet potato and to elucidate the mechanisms of ecological conditions, photosynthetic physiology and intercropping benefits. The results indicated that, contrast to the one wide-ridge with planting two rows of sweet potato and two narrow ridges with planting two rows, mound planting was more superior in many aspects. Through mound planting sweet potato showed a larger range of temperature in air and soil, higher net photosynthetic rate, more active enzymes related with photosynthesis, and more benefits of relay intercropping.

Comparative analysis of full-length transcriptomes based on hybrid population reveals regulatory mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam)

BackgroundSweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is a highly heterozygous autohexaploid crop with high yield and high anthocyanin content. Purple sweet potato is the main source of anthocyanins, and the mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in storage roots has not been fully revealed.ResultsIn order to reveal the mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis and identify new homologous genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in the storage roots of sweet potato, we used Ningzishu 1 and Jizishu 2 as parents to construct a F1 hybrid population. Seven anthocyanin-containing lines and three anthocyanin-free lines were selected for full-length and second-generation transcriptome analyses. A total of 598,375 circular consensus sequencing reads were identified from full-length transcriptome sequencing. After analysis and correction of second-generation transcriptome data, 41,356 transcripts and 18,176 unigenes were obtained. Through a comparative analysis between anthocyanin-containing and anthocyanin-free groups 2329 unigenes were found to be significantly differentially expressed, of which 1235 were significantly up-regulated and 1094 were significantly down-regulated. GO enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed unigenes were significantly enriched in molecular function and biological process. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the up-regulated unigenes were significantly enriched in the flavonoid biosynthesis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways, and the down-regulated unigenes were significantly enriched in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis of differentially expressed unigenes revealed that anthocyanin biosynthesis genes were co-expressed with transcription factors such as MYB, bHLH and WRKY at the transcription level.ConclusionsOur study will shed light on the regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in sweet potato storage roots at the transcriptome level.

Genotype-by-environment interaction for dual-purpose traits in sweetpotato

ABSTRACT Development of high-yielding dual-purpose sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) genotypes is useful for cultivation in mixed crop-livestock farming systems. The objective of this study was to determine genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) for storage root yield (SRY), vine yield (VY), root: vine ratio (RVR), total above-ground and below-ground biomass (TABGB) and root dry matter content (RDMC) among newly developed sweetpotato clones to select promising dual-purpose clones. Forty-five sweetpotato genotypes, of which 32 were newly developed candidate clones, were evaluated across six diverse environments in Rwanda. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype and genotype-by-environment (GGE) biplot analyzes were used to analyze GEI. AMMI analysis revealed a relatively larger proportion of the GEI effect for SRY (31.21%), VY (37.17%), RVR (41.73%), TABGB (35.24%) and RDMC (36.23%) than for genotype and environmental effects, suggesting differential response of test genotypes across environments for the assessed traits. GGE-biplot analysis explained total variation of 72.98% for SRY, 83.26% for VY, 74.03% for RVR, 78.82% for TABGB and 56.78% for RDMC. Clone 21 with enhanced SRY and TABGB, and clone 42 for SRY had broad adaptation. For better VY, clone 733 was the best performer in environments E2 and E6 which are designated as mega-environment (MGE) 2, and clone 321 in E1, E3 and E4 (MGE 3). For RVR, clone 577 had best adaptation in E3, E4 and E5 (MGE 1), while clone 460 in E2 and E6 (MGE 2). Clones 42 and 381 were best performers for RDMC with specific adaptation in environments E3 and E1, respectively.

Radiation Dynamics of Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) in Response to Different Cropping Systems with a Legume Crop

Radiation Dynamics of Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) in Response to Different Cropping Systems with a Legume Crop

Quality Assessment of Cookies from Composite Flours of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L ) And Lima Beans(Phaseolus lunatus )

Quality Assessment of Cookies from Composite Flours of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L ) And Lima Beans(Phaseolus lunatus )

Expression analysis of sweetpotato NADPH oxidase-encoding Rboh genes in response to infection with the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita

Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is a globally important food crop that is susceptible to infestation with the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, which can cause substantial crop losses. Previous transcriptomic analysis of the roots of susceptible and resistant sweetpotato cultivars identified genes that were likely to contribute to protection against root-knot nematode. The identified genes included respiratory burst oxidase homolog (Rboh) genes, which encode NAPDH oxidase homologs in plants. In this study, the role of Rboh genes in sweetpotato defense responses during root-knot nematode infection was examined in susceptible and resistant cultivars. Comparison with Arabidopsis Rboh genes identified groups of sweetpotato genes orthologous to AtRboh B, E, F, and G. Of these, the group resembling AtrbohB contained the highest number of unigenes, nine, and these genes were highly responsive to nematode infection in sweetpotato roots. These results indicate that Rboh genes play roles in protecting sweetpotato roots against root-knot nematode infection.

First Report of Bacterial Root Rot, Caused by Dickeya dadantii, on Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) in North Carolina

First Report of Bacterial Root Rot, Caused by <i>Dickeya dadantii</i>, on Sweetpotato (<i>Ipomoea batatas</i>) in North Carolina

Characterization of virus species associated with sweetpotato virus diseases in Burkina Faso.

Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) production in sub‐Saharan Africa is severely affected by viral diseases caused by several interacting viruses, including sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV), sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV), and sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV). However, the aetiology of viral symptoms on sweetpotato is rarely established in most countries in Africa. Here, we aimed to investigate and characterize the incidence of sweetpotato viruses in Burkina Faso. We performed a countrywide survey in 18 districts of Burkina Faso and collected 600 plants, with and without symptoms, from 80 fields. Viral strains were identified using nitrocellulose membrane‐ELISA, PCR, and reverse transcription‐PCR. Three scions from each of 50 selected plants with symptoms were grafted to healthy Ipomoea setosa and then serological and molecular tests were performed on the 150 recorded samples. Three viruses were detected: 24% of samples were positive for SPFMV, 18% for SPLCV, and 2% for SPCSV. Across all diagnostic tests, 40% of all plant samples were virus‐negative. Coinfections were found in 16% of samples. Partial sequences were obtained, including 13 that matched SPFMV, one that matched SPLCV, and one that matched SPCSV. All identified SPFMV isolates belonged to either phylogroup B or A‐II. The SPCSV‐positive isolates had 98% gene sequence homology with SPCSV‐West Africa for the coat protein. Begomovirus‐positive isolates clustered with SPLCV‐United States. This first study of sweetpotato viral diseases in Burkina Faso indicates widespread occurrence and suggests a need for further epidemiological investigations, breeding programmes focused on virus‐resistant varieties, and improved farming practices to control disease spread.

The effect of blanching and foam mat drying on the physico-chemical characteristics of white sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) inulin

White sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is one of the tubers that have the potential to produce inulin and largely abundant in Indonesia. Several factors can affect the physical and chemical characteristics of inulin including the preliminary treatment and the drying method. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of blanching and foam mat drying method on the physical and chemical characteristics of white sweet potato inulin. The physical and chemical characteristics evaluated include solubility, total sugar, sugar reductions, discussed inulin and inulin molecular weight. The experimental design in this study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors, namely blanching and differences in egg white composition (2%; 6%; and 10%). The data were processed statistically using One-Way ANOVA with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that blanching and foam mat drying can affect the yield, solubility, water absorption, moisture content, and molecular weight of inulin. The blanched and unblanched samples with an increase in albumen concentration will reduce the yield, moisture content and molecular weight and increase solubility and water absorption. All blanched formulations produced higher yield, moisture content, solubility, and water absorption than the unblanched formulation.

Calcium and soluble sugar enrichments and physiological adaptation to mild NaCl salt stress in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) genotypes

ABSTRACT Physiological adaptations, biochemical changes and growth performances of two sweet potatoes, Japanese Yellow (JPY) and Blackie (BLK), under NaCl salt stress were evaluated. Fallen leaves in JPY under 50 mM NaCl for 21 d were evidently observed, resulting in reduced leaf area (~60% reduction to that of control). Na+ content in the root of sweet potato BLK under salt stress was higher (54.18 mg g–1 DW) compared to the stem and leaf, whereas in case of JPY, all the plant organs were enriched by Na+, leading to reduced net photosynthetic rate (Pn) (71% reduction to that of control). Ca2+ and soluble sugar enrichments appeared to be the first line of defence mechanism in sweet potato to alleviate the Na+ toxicity, especially in BLK. A negative relation between Na+ accumulation and chlorophyll b content and a positive relation between chlorophyll b and Pn were demonstrated. Reduction in Pn in JPY under salt stress consequently reduced the leaf area, shoot height and fresh weight. It appeared that the Na+ enrichment, Ca2+ signalling and soluble sugars accumulation in the root tissues of cv. BLK played a key role in salt tolerance keeping Na+ in the vacuoles and maintaining growth of plants exposed to salt stress.

Protective Effect of Ipomoea batatas L Leaves Extract on Histology of Pancreatic Langerhans Islet and Beta Cell Insulin Expression of Rats Induced by Streptozotocin

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L) leaf is one of well known vegetables among Indonesian people. It is also often used as traditional medicine for diabetes mellitus. This research aimed to investigate the protective effect of I. batatas L leaves extract on the pancreas of IDDM animal model. Twenty five male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 treatment groups, and 2 control groups. Streptozotocin (STZ) was injected at multiple low doses (40 mg/kg BW) intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days, I. batatas L leaves extract (doses 0.25, 0.8, and 2.5 g/ kg BW) were administered for 14 days after the first STZ injection. Fasting blood glucose was analyzed after complete STZ induction (day 6), and after 14 days treatment. At the end of the study, rats were terminated, and pancreas were removed for histological examination and immunohistochemical procedure using anti-insulin antibody. Diabetic rats treated with 2.5 g/kg BW I. batatas L leaves extract showed lowest fasting blood glucose among treatment groups, and had approximately 50% normal Langerhans islets with functional beta cells. These results suggest that I. batatas L leaves extract has anti diabetic activity through its protection effect on the pancreas.

Efecto de la concentración de almidón y de aceite esencial de clavo de olor sobre las propiedades fisicoquímicas de películas biodegradables

Biodegradable films were obtained with the casting method using different concentrations of purple sweetpotato Ipomoea batatas (L.) starch and clove Syzygium aromaticum (L.) essential oil. Mechanical properties (tensile strength, percentage of elongation and Young's modulus), water vapor permeability and film adsorption isotherms were evaluated. In the formulations containing the intermediate concentrations of the components, a homogeneous surface, an improvement in fracture stress and a decrease in water vapor permeability were observed. The statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the mechanical properties of the composite films (p < 0.05). The GAB model was used to adjust the experimental data of the adsorption isotherms and a higher moisture content of the films containing the highest concentration of starch and essential oil was observed. The F6 (starch 3.5%, clove essential oil 60 mg/L) formulation showed the lowest water vapor permeability values (1x10-8 g/ m s Pa) and the lowest moisture content in the monolayer, which is considered to be the material with the best characteristics for its possible application, avoiding the excessive use of raw material during its preparation.

English

The economics of using mixtures of a vegetable cowpea, Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis L., known locally as ‘Akidi’ (A) in Eastern Nigeria, melon (M) and sweet potato (S) Ipomea batatas for weed management in maize were evaluated between 2007 and 2009 in Taraba State, College of Agriculture Teaching and Research Farm, Jalingo, Treatments include 20,000(1), 30,000(2) and 40,000(3) stands/ha of AM (AM1, AM2, AM3), AS (AS1, AS2, AS3), MS (MS1, MS2, MS3) and AMS (AMS1, AMS2, AMS3). Weeded (3+6 WAP) (C1) and unweeded (C2) checks served as control replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. Partial budget analysis was used to obtain the level of profitability. The cost of production in all the mixtures having sweet potato was slightly higher (₦61,740 .00-₦67,340.00) than the AM treated plots (₦51,460.00-₦52,880.00) in the three year production. The gross benefit of ₦205,490.00, ₦199,920.00, ₦164,940.00 and ₦130,270.00 was realized respectively from MS, AS, AMS and AM treated plots compared with ₦154,980 in the hand weeded plots. Over the three years, the net benefit was in the order MS> AS> AMS > C1>AM , which resulted in 24.33, 23.22, 18.1, 17.57 and 13.67 times net profit when compared to the unweeded, respectively. Key words: Profitability, biological weed management, maize, cover crop mixtures.

Identification and Analysis of &lt;i&gt;R2R3-MYB&lt;/i&gt; Genes in Sweet Potato Genome

The plant MYB is a transcription factor family large in number and with important functions. In this study, the MYB family genes were screened and identified via bioinformatic methods from the raw sequence of sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas ) genome and the gene structure and function of R2R3-MYB were analyzed. The results showed that there were 88 R2R3-MYB genes with intact R2 and R3 conservative domains, which contained 8 and 9 highly conserved basic amino acids. The results of MEME analysis showed that there were 10 conserved motifs within the I. batatas R2R3-MYB protein sequences. For the I. batatas R2R3-MYB protein sequences, over 80% contained motif 1, motif 2, motif 3, motif 4, motif 5 and motif 7. The R2R3-MYB genes were distributed unevenly across the 15 chromosomes. The number of R2R3-MYB genes in chromosome No.5 was 15, which was the largest; the numbers of R2R3-MYB genes in chromosome No. 4 and 13 were both only 2, which was the smallest. Analysis of the sequence alignment showed that there were 6 pairs of interchromosomal duplication and there were 20 pairs of intrachromosomal duplication, 19 of which existed in clusters. The function prediction and categorization via sequence analysis showed that 44 R2R3-MYB genes of the I. batatas could be categorized to the 13 subgroups of the A. thaliana R2R3-MYB genes, which were involved in the responses to biotic stress and abiotic stress, anthocyanin biosynthesis, anther development, etc. Further analysis showed that 36 R2R3-MYB genes might play important roles in dealing with biotic stress and abiotic stress, 9 of which showed significant up/down-regulation under Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. batatas stress and 27 of which showed significant up/down-regulation under low temperature stress. The domains of I. batatas R2R3-MYB transcription factors were highly conservative, which contained highly conserved motifs within R2 and R3 domains. The phylogenetic tree and transcriptomics data analysis showed that some R2R3-MYB genes might play roles in growth and development, metabolism regulation, biotic stress and abiotic stress, which lent support to I. batatas breeding.

The Effect of Oral Administration of Ipomoea batatas L. Leaves Etanolic Extract on Hematological Profile in Rats

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaves have been shown to have anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, antioxidant, anticancer activities, wound healing. However, there is no research on the effect of ethanolic extract of I. batatas L. leaves on hematological profiles; hence, such research needs to be conducted. The study was carried out by administering a variety of dose of the ethanolic extract of I. batatas L. leaves from maceration results to several groups of rats during 28 days of treatment. Each group consisted of 7 rats with group distribution as follows: normal control (without treatment), negative control (given distilled water), treatment groups (group given extract at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight, 100 mg/kg body weight, and 1000 mg/kg body weight). The results of an examination of rats ’hematological profiles showed that the group given the extract with 1000 mg/kg body weight dose had hemoglobin levels and number of red blood cells that significantly higher (P<0.05) compared to the other groups. Based on this, the ethanolic extract of I. batatas L. leaves have the potential to increase hemoglobin and erythrocyte levels.

Genetic analyses of anthocyanin content using polyploid GWAS followed by QTL detection in the sweetpotato (&lt;i&gt;Ipomoea batatas&lt;/i&gt; L.) storage root

Genetic analyses of anthocyanin content using polyploid GWAS followed by QTL detection in the sweetpotato (&lt;i&gt;Ipomoea batatas&lt;/i&gt; L.) storage root

Effect of tuber sections and processing conditions on the physicochemical properties of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam)) flour

Abstract Objective The study was conducted to ascertain the effect of tuber sections, heat treatment, and rehydration with process chemicals of varying concentrations on the physicochemical properties of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam)) flour. Materials and Methods The flour samples were generated as raw, boiled, and steamed from the head, middle, and tail sections of the tuber. These were compared with their whole tuber counterpart. The magnitude and extent of the factorial influence were measured using the effects on swelling index (SI), water absorption capacity (WAC), oil absorption capacity, total soluble solids (TSS), blue value index (BVI), gelling point temperature (GPT), boiling point temperature (BPT), and pH. Results The results obtained showed that the proximate composition from the tuber sections and the whole did not differ significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The tuber processing method (TPM) and tuber processing duration (TPD) effected significant differences (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in all the test parameter except for pH respectively. Conclusion From the investigation, it was observed that the test variables have significant effects on the physicochemical properties of the sweet potato flour.

Bioefficacy of Trichoderma species against important fungal pathogens causing post-harvest rot in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam)

Tuber rot disease constitutes a serious threat to sweetpotato production worldwide, causing economic losses to farmers. This study evaluated an eco-friendly approach using four biological control agents, Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum, T. hamatum and T. pseudokoningii for the management of post-harvest tuber rot disease of sweetpotato. Field surveys for infected tuber samples were conducted four across major sweetpotato states in Nigeria. Rot severity in inoculated tubers was evaluated over a storage period of four months and Trichoderma species isolated from the rhizosphere were bioassayed for the production of metabolites to evaluate the mechanism of antibiotic production for the control of rot pathogens using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy. A total of 24 metabolites were produced by the Trichoderma species and the abundances were species dependent. Trichoderma species significantly (p&lt;0.05) inhibited rot in treated tubers at 4 months after storage. However, T. harzianum was most effective, reducing mycelia growth of the rot pathogens by 54.6-77.3% in vitro and 47.2-68.8% reduction of rot incidence in vivo. The efficacy of Trichoderma species used in this study recommends their use as alternative therapy to synthetic fungicides in the management of post-harvest rot in sweetpotato.&#x0D; &#x0D; J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(4): 446–453, 2019