Sweet Potato Extract Research Articles

PHYTOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF Ipomoea batatas EXTRACT , DETECTED THROUGH A NEW TYPE OF SANDWICH MICROBIOASSAY ON THREE SPECIES OF WEEDS

ABSTRACT Nowadays, it is very important for researchers to find alternatives that enable the development of a profitable agriculture and a clean environment, therefore, the strategy evaluated in the present study is geared towards the use of the allelopathic effect of many plants. The main objective was to assess the efficiency of a compound derived from extracts of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas on three weed species under controlled conditions. Different concentrations (1, 5, 10% w/v) were evaluated through a sandwich-type microbioassay in comparison with the traditional Petri dished culture technique. Both tests demonstrated the phytotoxic activity of aqueous extracts of I. batatas, which caused inhibition of germination of A. hybridus, P. oleracea and B. campestri. It was observed that use of the microbioassay allowed the optimization of resources used for analysis, required much less amounts of extracts and facilitated the analysis of a larger number of samples per unit of time. This offers a new economic and efficient alternative to quickly assess the phytotoxic effect of many donors’ species before field tests.

Screening of effective xanthine oxidase inhibitors in dietary anthocyanins from purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Cultivar Eshu No.8) and deciphering of the underlying mechanisms in vitro

This study was aimed to screen the effective xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors in dietary anthocyanins from purple sweet potato and decipher the underlying mechanisms in vitro. Inhibition kinetics demonstrated that anthocyanin-rich purple sweet potato extract (APSPE) has reversible and mixed inhibitory effect on XO. Among the four fractions purified from APSPE, the fraction with highly-acylated anthocyanins showed the most powerful inhibition on XO. Molecular docking results suggested that the inhibition mechanism is the insertion of anthocyanins into the hydrophobic pocket of XO by interacting with some amino acid residues. Fluorescence and CD spectroscopy results showed that the formation of anthocyanin-XO complex is the possible quenching mechanism, which changes the secondary structure of XO. The reaction is entropy-driven and endothermic, with hydrophobic interaction being the major driving force. This study indicates that the highly-acylated dietary anthocyanins of purple sweet potato would be a promising XO inhibitor in clinical treatment.

EFEKTIFITAS PENAMBAHAN MEDIA ORGANIK EKSTRAK UBI JALAR (Ipomoea batatas L) PADA PERTUMBUHAN SUBKULTUR ANGGREK Cattleya sp.

<p align="center"> </p><p><em>Orchids (Chattleya sp) is popular plant which is favorted by peoples and has higt economic value. It’s price Rp. 562,000 / plant. Tissue culture technique is needed to produce this flower quicky than conventional technique. This study have aims to determine the effect of some medium concentration of organic sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L) on growing Cattleya sp and for knowing the best of concentration on the growth of Chattleya sp. </em><em>The method used was Completely Random Design (RAL) with four of factors, that is: 0 g / L, 75 g / L, 150 g / L, and 300 g / L. The results were analyzed with Anova test and Duncan test multiple ranger test at the level of 5%. Each treatment was repeated six times. Parameters were observed are the number of new shoots, long leaf, number of leaves, leaf width, long roots, and height of the plant for 5 weeks. Based on the results of analysis showed that the sweet potato extract on 150 g / L concentration give the best results in long root parameter, the concentration of 75 g / L gived the best results to long leaf parameter and concentration of 300 g / L gived the best effect against leaf width. Same concentrations of sweet potato did not give significantly effect to number of new shoots, plantlets height, and number of leaves. </em></p>

A Savory Odorant in Sweet Potato Shochu: 2-Methyl-3-(Methyldithio)-Furan

The purpose of this work is to determine the key odorants (KO) in shochu, a Japanese spirit made from sweet potato, barley, rice, soba, or sugarcane extract fermented with 20% rice koji. Each carbohydrate source produces a mild flavored spirit, but sweet potato produces shochu with a strong savory character. The KOs released by sweet potato, barley, rice, and sugarcane shochus were determined using headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME), gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) dilution analysis to determine aroma characteristics, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and authentic standards to determine identity. The five top KOs found in sweet potato shochu were ethyl octanoate, ethyl cinnamate, 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, β-damascenone, 2-methyl-3-(methyldithio)-furan. The five top KOs in barley, rice, and sugarcane shochus were ethyl octanoate, ethyl hexanoate, isoamyl acetate, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, and ethyl isobutyrate. The unique savory aroma of sweet potato was found to have higher levels of ethyl cinnamate, 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, and 2-methyl-3-(methyldithio)-furan while the five top KOs in barley-, rice-, and sugarcane-derived shochus were esters common in most alcoholic fermentations. There is growing evidence that a small number of odorants determine our perception of food aroma. The first challenge is to determine what these key odorants are and second to determine the rules used by the olfactory system to create odor images. This research identifies candidates for the unique aroma of sweet potato shochu.

The Administration of Orange Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas L.) Extract Increases Sperm Consentration, Mortility and Viability in Male Mice Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

Pendahuluan: Ipomoea batatas L (IPL) mengandung antioksidan betakaroten, vitamin C, dan vitamin E. Rokok mengandung ROS yang terbukti menurunkan kualitas spermatozoa. Tujuan: untuk membuktikan bahwa pemberian IPL dapat memperbaiki jumlah, motilitas, dan viabilitas spermatozoa yang dipapar asap rokok. Metode: Penelitian eksperimental dengan post test only control group design, sebanyak 30 ekor mencit jantan, dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok. Kelompok normal (Nor-G), tidak ada interfensi; Kelompok kontrol negative (Neg-G), hanya dipapar asap rokok; Kelompok kontrol positif (Pos-G), hanya mendapat ekstrak IPL 16 mg/ml; Kelompok IPL-15, IPL-16, dan IPL-17, masing-masing dipapar asap rokok dan mendapat ekstrak IPL 15 mg/ml, 16 mg/ml dan 17 mg/ml. Hasil: hasil uji Post Hoc LSD menunjukkan bahwa jumlah sperma pada IPL-15, IPL-16, dan IPL-17, lebih tinggi bermakna dibanding Neg-G, p < 0.05 dan lebih rendah dibanding Nor-G dan Pos-G, p < 0.05. Demikian pula dengan persentase viabilitas sperma. Hasil uji Mann Whitney menunjukkan bahwa persentase motilitas sperma pada IPL-15, IPL-16, dan IPL-17, lebih tinggi bermakna dibanding Neg-G, p < 0.05. Sedangkan dibanding Nor-G dan Pos-G persentase motilitas sperma pada IPL-15, IPL-16, dan IPL-17, tidak berbeda bermakna, p > 0.05. Kesimpulan: pemberian ekstrak ubi jalar jingga dapat meningkatkan jumlah, motilitas, dan viabilitas spermatozoa mencit jantan yang dipapar asap rokok.

The Administration of Orange Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas L.) Extract Increases Sperm Consentration, Mortility and Viability in Male Mice Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

Introduction: Ipomoea batatas L (LIP) contains antioxidants beta-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E. Cigarette smoke containing ROS has been proven to decrease sperm quality.Objective: this study aimed to confirm that orange sweet potato extract increases sperm consentration, motility, and viability in mice exposed to cigarette smoke.Methods: In this experimental study with post test only control group design, 30 male mice were divided into 6 groups. Normal group (Nor-G), no intervention, served as the normal control group. Negative control group (Neg-G) was only exposed to cigarette smoke. Positive control group was only treated with IPL 16mg/ml. IPL-15, IPL-16, and IPL-17 group were treated with IPL 15, 16, and 17mg/ml and exposed to cigarette smoke, respectively.Results: Post Hoc LSD analysis showed that means of sperm concentration and viability in IPL-15, IPL-16, and IPL-17 group were significantly higher compared to that of Neg-G (p < 0.05) and were lower compared to that of Nor-G and Pos-G (p < 0.05). Mann Whitney analysis indicated that the persentage of sperm motility in IPL-15, IPL-16, and IPL-17, were significant higher compared to that of Neg-G, p < 0.05. Whilst compared to that of Nor-G and Pos-G the persentage of sperm motility in IPL-15, IPL-16, and IPL-17, there was no significant differences, p > 0.05.Conclusion: treatment of IPL capable of increasing sperm concentration, motility, and viability in male mice were exposed to cigarrette smoke.

Growth Performance and Health Status of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Supplemented with Prebiotic from Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Extract

Growth Performance and Health Status of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Supplemented with Prebiotic from Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Extract

자색고구마 추출물 분무건조 분말의 품질특성

자색고구마 추출물 분무건조 분말의 품질특성

Characterization and hepatoprotective activity of anthocyanins from purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. cultivar Eshu No. 8)

The hepatoprotective activity of anthocyanin-rich purple sweet potato extract (APSPE) was demonstrated. Sixty mice were randomly divided into six groups: control group [without carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or APSPE]; model group (with CCl4 only); positive control group (50 mg/kg body weight silymarin); low-dose group (100 mg/kg body weight APSPE); medium-dose group (200 mg/kg body weight APSPE); and high-dose group (400 mg/kg body weight APSPE). After 10 days intragastric administration of the respective supplements, the mice in all groups except control were injected intraperitoneally with CCl4 (0.15% in arachis oil, 10 mL/kg body weight, intravenous). Twelve hours after CCl4 injection, the mice were measured in terms of liver index, levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum, as well as glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde in liver homogenate. Additionally, the livers of mice were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and sectioned for observation. Nineteen purple sweet potato anthocyanins were identified from the purple sweet potato cultivar Eshu No. 8 and analyzed by liquid chromatography– electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry. Peonidin 3-coumaryl-p-hydroxybenzoyl sophoroside-5-glucoside was first identified in purple sweet potato. The results showed that anthocyanins in Eshu No. 8 had good hepatoprotective activity.

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Centrifugation and Ultrafiltration: Multistage Process for Polyphenol Recovery from Purple Sweet Potatoes.

This work provides an evaluation of an ultrasound-assisted, combined extraction, centrifugation and ultrafiltration process for the optimal recovery of polyphenols. A purple sweet potato (PSP) extract has been obtained using ultrasonic circulating extraction equipment at a power of 840 W, a frequency of 59 kHz and using water as solvent. Extract ultrafiltration, using polyethersulfone (PES), was carried out for the recovery of polyphenol, protein and anthocyanin. Pre-treatment, via the centrifugation of purple sweet potato extract at 2500 rpm over 6 min, led to better polyphenol recovery, with satisfactory protein removal (reused for future purposes), than PSP extract filtration without centrifugation. Results showed that anthocyanin was efficiently recovered (99%) from permeate. The exponential model fit well with the experimental ultrafiltration data and led to the calculation of the membrane’s fouling coefficient. The optimization of centrifugation conditions showed that, at a centrifugation speed of 4000 rpm (1195× g) and duration of 7.74 min, the optimized polyphenol recovery and fouling coefficient were 34.5% and 29.5 m−1, respectively. The removal of proteins in the centrifugation process means that most of the anthocyanin content (90%) remained after filtration. No significant differences in the intensities of the HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS2 peaks were found in the samples taken before and after centrifugation for the main anthocyanins; peonidin-3-feruloylsophoroside-5-glucoside, peonidin-3-caffeoyl-p-hydroxybenzoylsophoroside-5-glucoside, and peonidin-3-caffeoyl-feruloyl sophoroside-5-glucoside. This proves that centrifugation is an efficient method for protein removal without anthocyanin loss. This study considers this process an ultrasound-assisted extraction-centrifugation-ultrafiltration for purple sweet potato valorization in “green” technology.

고구마 줄기·잎 추출액을 이용한 견직물의 염색성

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dyeability of silk fabrics with sweet potato stem leaf extract. To obtain the optimal dyeing conditions it was examined at various dyeing conditions(temperature, pH, time and bath ratio). The dyeability and the depths of shade which were evaluated in terms of K/S and CIELAB color difference values of the dyed and mordanted fabrics were also investigated. After dyeing, various color fastness(wash fastness, dry cleaning fastness, light fastness, rub fastness, and perspiration fastness) was measured and reviewed for UV protective, deodorant and antimicrobial functionality. The optimun output, as a result, was shown at 100% of dye concentration, <TEX>$90^{\circ}C$</TEX> of dyeing temperature and 80 minutes of dyeing time while in terms of dye uptake depending on the kind of mordants and mordanting, it was found that among four mordants of <TEX>$Alk(SO_4)_2$</TEX>, <TEX>$CuSO_4$</TEX>, <TEX>$SnCl_2$</TEX>, and <TEX>$FeSO_4$</TEX>, post-mordanting with <TEX>$SnCl_2$</TEX> showed the best results. Color fastness to dry cleaning, washing and rubbing was found strong at grade 4-5 and the grade to perspiration was as good as 3 while to light fastness was good at 4 as well. In aspects of functional properties, it showed excellent results of 98.3% UV protection rate and 88% deodorization rate. Antibacterial activity was 99.9% against staphylococcus aureus and 73.3% against klebisella pneumoniae. In conclusion, we validated that the dyestuffs from the disused sweet potato stem leaf extract would be useful as a natural dye material using the optimized conditions and dyeability for silk dyeing.

Plant-growth regulators alter phytochemical constituents and pharmaceutical quality in Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.).

BackgroundSweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is one of the most important consumed crops in many parts of the world because of its economic importance and content of health-promoting phytochemicals.MethodsWith the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) as our model, we investigated the exogenous effects of three plant-growth regulators methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA), and abscisic acid (ABA) on major phytochemicals in relation to phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity. Specifically, we investigated the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), and total β-carotene content (TCC). Individual phenolic and flavonoid compounds were identified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Antioxidant activities of treated plants were evaluated using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and a β-carotene bleaching assay. Anticancer activity of extracts was evaluated against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) using MTT assay.ResultsTPC, TFC, TAC, and TCC and antioxidant activities were substantially increased in MeJA-, SA-, and ABA-treated plants. Among the secondary metabolites identified in this study, MeJA application significantly induced production of quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid. Luteolin synthesis was significantly induced by SA application. Compared with control plants, MeJA-treated sweet potato exhibited the highest PAL activity, followed by SA and ABA treatment. The high DPPH activity was observed in MeJA followed by SA and ABA, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 2.40, 3.0, and 3.40 mg/mL compared with α-tocopherol (1.1 mg/mL). Additionally, MeJA-treated sweet potato showed the highest β-carotene bleaching activity, with an IC50 value of 2.90 mg/mL, followed by SA (3.30 mg/mL), ABA (3.70 mg/mL), and control plants (4.5 mg/mL). Extracts of sweet potato root treated with MeJA exhibited potent anticancer activity with IC50 of 0.66 and 0.62 mg/mL against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines respectively, compared to that of extracts of sweet potato treated with SA (MDA-MB-231 = 0.78 mg/mL; MCF-7 = 0.90 mg/mL) and ABA (MDA-MB-231 = 0.94 mg/mL; MCF-7 = 1.40 mg/mL). The results of correlation analysis showed that anthocyanins and flavooids are corresponding compounds in sweet potato root extracts for anticancer activity against breast cancer cell lines.ConclusionsMeJA has great potential to enhance the production of important health-promoting phytochemicals in sweet potato.

Type utilization of baked-smashed sweet potato and vegetables on patisserie product

The research was an experimental study in Green Skill Patisserie Course using Project-Based Learning model. It aims to complete the project development of pie named guramnis rainbow pie. Several experiments were carried out to produce a pie dough crust mixed with baked-smashed sweet potato and added with vegetables extract as the food coloring. The experiment method in order to make a better appearance or an attractive shape and to have more nutrition. In addition, the pie was filled with a mixture of sweet and sour gurame as Indonesian traditional food. By applying an organoleptic test to 10 respondents, the result shows that pie dough recipe using flour substituted by baked-smashed sweet potato with 2:1 of a ratio. Coloring pie dough adding extract vegetables (carrots, beets and celery) as color. We found that pie dough has more interesting pie color (90%) and the texture of the pie with a quite level of crispness (60%). Moreover, the pie taste is fairly (70%) and tasty (70%). Nutritional analysis results show that per size, serving guramnis rainbow pie contains energy as much as 81.72 calories, carbohydrates 12.5 grams, fat 2.32 grams and 2.77 grams of protein. The main findings are the pie appearance and taste was different compared to the previous pies because of the pie was served with gurame asam manis as the filling and had flour and cilembu sweet potato as the basic ingredients. The color of guramnis rainbow pie was resulted not only from food coloring but also from vegetables extract namely carrot (orange), bit (red), and salary (green). Thus, it had many benefits for health and adds the nutrition. The researchers recommend a further study in order to make pie dough with baked sweet potato and vegetables extract having an optimal level of crispness.

Bioinspired synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of plant-mediated silver nanoparticles using purple sweet potato root extract

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has become a promising synthetic strategy in nanotechnology in recent years. In this study, the purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) root extract was found to have a new application for the synthesis of AgNPs. It is a natural, eco-friendly and low-cost procedure that uses purple sweet potato extract as reducing and stabilizing agent. The as-prepared AgNPs were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In addition, the biosynthesized AgNPs showed remarkable broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against eight typical pathogens, including four clinic pathogens and four aquatic pathogens. Thus, the AgNPs synthesized with the help of purple sweet potato extract can be used as a powerful antibacterial agent and have great potential in different applications.

Effect of Single and Two Step Application of Antioxidant Incorporated Bleaching Agents on Bond Strength of Resin Composite and Surface Changes in Enamel

Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to incorporate two antioxidants namely sweet potato and grape seed extracts with 30% hydrogen peroxide and to evaluate its effect on the enamel surface and the bond strength of resin composite to enamel. Materials and Methods: Labial enamel surfaces of 90 extracted human maxillary central incisors were randomly divided into 6 groups of 15 each based on different bleaching protocols. Groups I and II were allotted to negative (no bleaching) and positive (bleaching with 30% hydrogen peroxide only) controls. The rest were the experimental groups; bleaching with 30% hydrogen peroxide incorporated with 2% sweet potato and 5% grape seed extracts (Groups III and IV respectively) and bleaching followed by application of sweet potato and grape seed extracts (Groups V and VI respectively). Following bleaching procedure, 5 specimens were evaluated for surface changes under SEM and the remaining 10 specimens were immediately restored with resin composite and were subjected to shear bond strength evaluation under universal testing machine. Results: Significantly higher shear bond strength values were observed in teeth treated with the experimental bleaching solution containing 2% sweet potato extract (Group III) as compared to the other groups. Comparatively lesser morphological changes in enamel were also observed under SEM for Group III. 5% grape seed extract showed better results when used as a separate step rather than when incorporated in the bleaching agent. Conclusion: Addition of 2% sweet potato extract in bleaching agent reduces deleterious effects on enamel, enhances bonding of resin composites to bleached enamel significantly and does not require additional clinical steps.

Ffect of Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas L.) on Reducing Renal Tissue Damage of House Mice (Mus Musculus L.) After Excessive Physical Exercise

Background: Heavy physical exercise can reduce blood flow and metabolism in kidney that eventually release free radicals. The free radicals can form oxydative stress and damage renal tissue. Exogenous antioxydant administration is usually recommended to minimize the renal tissue damage. This study aimed to examined the effect of purple sweet potato (Ipomoiea batatas L.) extract on renal tissue damage in mice (mus musculus L.) after heavy physical exercise.Subjects and Method: This was a randomized controlled trial with post test only control design. The study subjects included twenty four male white mice with DD Webster strain. These mice were divided into six groups. After undergoing excessive swimming exercises that lasted forteen days, purple sweet potato extract was given to the experimental group. There were three experimental groups receiving three different doses of purple sweet potato. The mice kidney was taken as sample for microscopic examination to determine the extent of tissue damage. Difference in renal tissue damage was tested by Kruskal-Wallis.Results: Microscopic examination showed statistically significant difference in tissue damage both in right (p=0.001) and left (p=0.036) kidneys, between study groups. The experimental groups showed less damaged than control group. Conclusion: Purple sweet potato (Ipomoiea batatas L) can lessen renal damage in male white mice (Mus musculus L) undergoing excessive physical exercise. Keywords: purple sweet potato (Ipomoiea batatas L), renal tissue damage mice. Corespondance: Rika Nailuvar Sinaga. Faculty of Sport Science, Medan University. Email: rikanailuvar890@gmail.comIndonesian Journal of Medicine (2016), 1(1): 76-83https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2016.01.01.10

Purple sweet potato (Ipomea Batatas P.) as dentin hypersensitivity desensitization gel

Background: Dentin hypersensitivity is a short sharp sense of pain in the teeth when exposed to excitatory stimulus. A total of 74% of world population experiencing dentin hypersensitivity. Home treatment topical desensitization is rarely found in Indonesia. The use of dentrifice is less practical because it must be done with regular brushing. Indonesia has abundant natural resources, one of which is purple sweet potato. Purple sweet potato (Ipomea Batatas P.) has highest potasium ions compared to other foodstuffs. Potassium ions can be a solution of dentin hypersensitivity by temporary blocking the suffix pulp nerve impulses. Purpose: The research objective was to determine the effectiveness of the 10% purple sweet potato extract gel of the dental pain threshold score. Method: An experimental study carried out by dental pain threshold score measurements using vitality tester into the teeth with gum recession. Samples included 32 respondents with a single blind and pre-post test control group design. They were divided into treatment group and negative control group. Paired T-test and Wilcoxon were used as data analysis. Result: The results showed dental pain threshold score increasing either in treatment group and negative control, although not as significant as in the treatment group. Conclusion: 10% purple sweet potato extract gel containing potassium ions is able to reduce the pain of dentin hypersensitivity.

Formulasi Krim Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ubi Jalar (Ipomoeae batatas L.) untuk Pengobatan Luka Bakar

Formulation of cream for treatment of burns has been studied. Cream formula consisting of 3% ethanolic extract of sweet potato leaves as an active ingredient. Cream bases used in this study were variated with and without Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). The formulas were evaluated for their organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, cream type, particle size distribution, skin irritation test and effects on burns. The evaluation results showed that ethanolic extract of sweet potato leaves can be formulated in creams which are physicaly stable and provide a healing effect on burns, tested on animals. The results showed that the F1B formula has the fastest healing effect on burns (7 days). From the statistical calculation using one-way analysis of variant (ANOVA) we found that sweet potato leaf ethanolic extract-containing cream provide healing on burns, where the value of F count treatment is smaller than the F table at α 0.05.

Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Effects of Purple Sweet Potato Extract in LP-BM5 Murine Leukemia Virus-Induced Murine Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.

The immunomodulatory effects of a dietary supplement of purple sweet potato extract (PSPE) in LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-induced immune-deficient mice were investigated. Mice were divided into six groups: normal control, infected control (LP-BM5 MuLV infection), positive control (LP-BM5 MuLV infection+dietary supplement of red ginseng 300 mg/kg), purple sweet potato water extract (PSPWE) (LP-BM5 MuLV infection+dietary supplement of PSPE 300 mg/kg), PSP10EE (LP-BM5 MuLV infection+dietary supplement of 10% ethanol PSPE 300 mg/kg), and PSP80EE (LP-BM5 MuLV infection+dietary supplement of 80% ethanol PSPE 300 mg/kg). Dietary supplementation began on the day of LP-BM5 MuLV infection and continued for 12 weeks. Dietary supplementation of PSPE inhibited LP-BM5 MuLV-induced splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy and attenuated the suppression of T- and B-cell proliferation and T helper 1/T helper 2 cytokine imbalance in LP-BM5 MuLV-infected mice. Dietary supplement of PSPE increased the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. The data suggest that PSPE may ameliorate immune dysfunction due to LP-BM5 MuLV infection by modulating antioxidant defense systems.

Statistical optimization of process parameters for exopolysaccharide production by Aureobasidium pullulans using sweet potato based medium.

Statistical experimental designs were applied to optimize the fermentation medium for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production. Plackett–Burman design was applied to identify the significance of seven medium variables, in which sweet potato and yeast extract were found to be the significant variables for EPS production. Central composite design was applied to evaluate the optimum condition of the selected variables. Maximum EPS production of 9.3 g/L was obtained with the predicted optimal level of sweet potato 10 %, yeast extract 0.75 %, 5.5 pH, and time 100 h. The determined (R2) value was 0.97, indicating a good fitted model for EPS production. Results of this study showed that sweet potato can be utilized as a low-cost effective substrate for pullulan production in submerged fermentation.