Swearing-in Ceremony Research Articles

INTERPRETING POLITICAL DISCOURSE: SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION ANALYSIS OF DONALD TRUMP’S INAUGURAL ADDRESS FROM ENGLISH TO RUSSIAN

naugural speeches are significant public addresses delivered by newly elected leaders during their swearing-in ceremonies. These speeches typically outline the leader's vision, goals, and policy priorities for their term in office.This study delves into the intricate realm of simultaneous interpretation, focusing on the interpretation challenges and strategies employed during the interpretation of Donald Trump's Inaugural Address from English to Russian. The aim of the article is to identify the strategies utilized by simultaneous interpreters during the interpretation of Donald Trump's inaugural speech from English to Russian, and to conduct a comparative analysis between the translated version and the original text.To analyze simultaneous interpretation, we relied on an official interpretation by skilled interpreters. When conducting a translation comparative analysis, we relied on the classification of V.M. Ilyukhin. Analysis methods encompass theoretical material review, descriptive analysis, a comparative examination of thesource andtarget texts, andtranslation analysis.Theanalysis highlights theuseof various interpretation strategies, with a particular emphasis on thecompression strategy, indicating theintricate nature of interpreting political discourse. Theprevalence of thecompression strategy suggests interpreters' adaptation to therapid pace of speech common in English-speaking political contexts. Thecompression strategy is recognized as a vital tool in theinterpreter's toolkit, falling into thecategory of techniques that interpreters should employ.The theoretical significance of this study lies in revealing the strategies used by simultaneous interpreters in the context of Donald Trump's speech, which contributes to understanding the peculiarities of translating political speechesin the international arena.The practical importance of this study lies in offering guidance and practical skills for translators who deal with political speeches, which helps to improve the quality and adequacy of translation in such contexts.

WINNING PEOPLE, WINNING LEADER

In this article, written on the occasion of his great victory in the presidential elections, readers are introduced to the achievements and valuable ideas of Mr. Ilham Aliyev. First of all, some points from the interview of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan to local TV channels on January 10, 2024; later, the statements he made at the swearing-in ceremony in the Milli Majlis on February 14, 2024 are recalled. It is considered appropriate that the younger generation can benefit from these ideas.

Instytucja ślubowania sędziowskiego w polskim porządku prawnym

Judicial oath of office is a solemn declaration and attestation taken publicly in a prescribed form, by which a newly appointed judge obliges himself both to accomplish properly his professional duties and to respect essential values and principles pertinent to judicial deontology. The origin of the present institution dates back to times of ancient Rome, where it was called iusiurandum. The paper presents institution of judicial oath of office in the Polish legal order, especially since 1918 to nowadays. Over the span of nearly one century the analyzed institution has undergone relevant changes. In the interwar period the judicial oath of office lost its religious dimension. Up to this time the oath nominally had been taken to God, which was articulated in the following words: “I swear by Almighty God”. At present the oath’s text is secular, although a judge can optionally complete his swearing-in with the following invocation: “So help me God”. In the Second Polish Republic and in the People’s Republic of Poland judges took the oath before presidents of the particular types of courts or before Minister of Justice. Since 1989 the judicial oath is taken before the President of Poland, who at the same time appoints judges on the motion of the National Council of the Judiciary of Poland. In conjunction with the installation of communist government in Poland in 1944 the judicial oath’s words was submitted to political ideologization. This process reached its fullness on the ground of the 1985 statute. Ignoring the above-mentioned fact, one can state that the judicial oath’s text in the presented time frame has included similar rules and guidelines governing judicial behaviour, which can be classified into two groups. First category relates to relations between a judge on one side and the Polish state or the Polish Nation on the other side. By this part of the oath a judge expresses his patriotism toward homeland. Second category of rules refers to principles of judicial deontology, i.e. obligations functionally connected with jurisdictional activity. Judges in Poland solemnly swear to uphold the law, to fulfill judge’s duties conscientiously, to dispense justice lawfully and impartially according to their consciences, to keep state and official secret, and – finally – to be guided in their conduct as judges by principle of dignity and principle of fairness. Legal rules do not, apart from plain text, regulate the etiquette of taking the judicial oath of office. The course of swearing-in ceremony is in high degree a result of over twenty-one-year customary practice of the President’s Chancellery. There is a need, motivated by legal certainty and security, to fix, even if out of necessity only generally, in the form of a normative act both the form and the procedure of judicial swearing-in. One should also place a referral to the judicial oath of office in the Collection of Principles of Judge’s Professional Ethics because the oath embodies fundamental principles that guide every member of the judge’s fraternity. The author of the article postulates to determine in a statute a few further issues, such as consequences of the oath’s infringement (disciplinary punishments) or sanctions for refusing to take the oath (invalidity of appointment act). The taking of the judicial oath of office is a condition to the admission to administer justice, to authoritatively deciding cases. In other words this requirement constitutes conditio sine qua non of judge’s jurisdictional activity. Normative sense of the present institution coexists with its symbolic dimension as a source of professional identity. Every judge must remember that the oath is not a mere formality to be forgotten afterwards. It’s some kind of a sacred trust that judges should keep inviolable regardless of circumstances. Tenets of morality written in the text of the oath comprise a compass pointing at the best path of judicial career.

3. International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS)

ITLOS is an autonomous specialized international judicial organ established pursuant the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). It is composed of twenty-one independent judges elected by the meeting of states parties to the Convention, among specialists in the law of the sea, according to a method that intends to assure an equitable geographical representation. The composition of ITLOS is renewed by thirds every three years. According to this system, the election of seven members of the tribunal took place on 24–6 August during the first in-person meeting held in the General Assembly hall at the United Nations (UN) headquarters in New York since the lockdown in March. Two judges ending their respective mandates, Attard and Kulyk, were re-elected, and the remaining five (Brown, Caracciolo, Duan, Infante Caffi, and Kamga) were elected for the first time—all of them for a period of nine years. Due to the pandemic, the swearing-in ceremony for the five new judges was held on 1 October in a hybrid format, with four of them present in the courtroom and Judge Brown attending the event via video conference link from her home. Triennial elections also meant the reconstitution of the Chambers of ITLOS (Seabed Disputes Chamber, Chamber of Summary Procedure, Chamber of Maritime Delimitation Disputes, Chamber for Fisheries Disputes, and Chamber for Marine Environment Disputes) and the election of a new president, Hoffman, and vice president, Heidar, for a three-year period. Regretfully, former Judge Mensah, who was the inaugural president of ITLOS and served as a judge from 1996 to 2005, passed away in April. The COVID-19 pandemic also meant some changes in the rules of the tribunal—namely, to provide for hearings and meetings by video conference (video link) as an exceptional measure (Articles 41, 74, 112, 124, and 135).

The Strange Case of Dr. Netanyahu and Mr. Bibi

The swearing-in ceremony of a new Israeli government is normally a celebratory occasion. After months of heated electioneering and arduous coalition-building negotiations, the freshly elected 120 M...

LA ESTRATEGIA COMUNICATIVA EN LOS DISCURSOS DE TOMA DE POSESIÓN DE CRISTINA FERNÁNDEZ DE KIRCHNER

espanolEste articulo tiene como objetivo indagar en la estrategia comunicativa de Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner cuando era presidenta de la Republica Argentina (2007-2015), a traves del analisis de los dos discursos que pronuncio en las tomas de posesion. Se identificaron las caracteristicas populistas que se manifiestan en dichos discursos, de acuerdo con los conceptos propuestos por Patrick Charaudeau (descripcion catastrofica, denuncia de los culpables, exaltacion de valores y aparicion del salvador/a de la sociedad), para comprobar cual es la imagen que la Mandataria quiere transmitir en ellos, sobre si misma y sobre el publico receptor. Para ello, se empleo desde la teoria del framing, segun la cual los lideres politicos realizan una construccion selectiva de la realidad, enfatizando y omitiendo aspectos cruciales en sus intervenciones publicas. Las conclusiones muestran que la presidenta se presenta como salvadora de la sociedad, que se menciona a si misma en numerosas ocasiones y siempre de forma positiva, que menciona al publico receptor con menor frecuencia que a ella misma y que lo hace mediante cualidades principalmente pasivas. EnglishThis article aims to investigate Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner’s communication strategy when she was President of the Republic of Argentina (2007-2015), through the analysis of the two speeches given on both swearing-in ceremonies. We identified the populist characteristics that are present in these speeches, according to the concepts proposed by Patrick Charaudeau (catastrophic description, denouncing of culpable parts, exaltation of values and the emergence of the rescuer of society), so as to evaluate the image that the President wants to transmit of herself and of the receiving public. To do this, we used the method of quantitative and qualitative content analysis and applied the theory of framing, according to which political leaders construct reality in a selective way, emphasizing and omitting crucial aspects in their public interventions. The findings show that President presents herself as a rescuer of society, who mentions herself frequently and always in a positive way, who mentions the receiving audience less frequently than herself and that she attributes mainly passive qualities to them.

India’s Neighbourhood Policy During 2014– 2019: Political Context and Policy Outcomes

After Narendra Modi became the Prime Minister of India in 2014, New Delhi has been striving hard to achieve for India the great power status by consolidating its dominant position in South Asia and expanding its reach in the Indian Ocean. There have been many successes when it comes to foreign policy in general. However, five years after Modi began his term by inviting leaders of all SAARC countries to his swearing-in ceremony, the expectations aroused by his government’s neighbourhood policy and the energy invested in driving it seem to have faded, leading to a shift in focus on BIMSTEC. This article looks at India’s bilateral relations with India’s neighbours and argues that the major challenges come from insufficient perception management, lack of regional connectivity, gaps in project implementation, and external environment created by China’s unprecedented foray into each of India’s neighbours. The policy planners and decision-makers need to do serious policy homework to improve the outcomes.

A Parade for George Washington by David A. Adler

Reviewed by: A Parade for George Washington by David A. Adler Elizabeth Bush Adler, David A. A Parade for George Washington; illus. by John O’Brien. Holiday House, 2020 [32p] Trade ed. ISBN 9780823442522 $17.99 Reviewed from digital galleys R 5-8 yrs News arrived at Mt. Vernon that its briefly retired owner, General George Washington, [End Page 118] had been voted the first president of the United States, and his presence would be required in the capital, New York City, for the nation’s first swearing-in ceremony. “He would go there by horse and carriage. The trip would take one week,” and what a week it was. Each town he passed through had arranged celebrations, ranging from excited spectators lining the streets to arches of flowers over the roadway and girls in white dresses tossing roses. In most locales, people joined in to create mini parades, escorting the president-elect miles along toward his next stopover, culminating in the floating extravaganza that accompanied his lavishly adorned flat-bottom boat from New Jersey to New York. O’Brien’s ink and watercolor artwork glories in minute details and offers a hint of what contemporaries might have shared through carefully curated etched images (albeit colorized here); inset maps of the journey are a welcome bonus. Apart from source notes, adult bibliography, and a brief timeline, there’s no addendum to provide context to the event, but a few aptly cited details (Washington dismisses soldiers posted to guard him and appears at his swearing-in garbed in a modest brown suit) imply the inherent irony in festivities befitting a royal progress hosted by those who had so recently overthrown ties to monarchy. Listeners may cultivate their own assessment of Washington himself, but for now they will have lots of fun comparing the 2021 Inauguration with the country’s first. Copyright © 2020 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Liturgical references in the swearing-in ceremonies of the President of the Republic of Poland after 1989

Liturgical references in the swearing-in ceremonies of the President of the Republic of Poland after 1989

Dressing the law

AbstractThe theatre shares many features with the law. One key commonality is the presence of dressers in both professions. In the law and the theatre, the dresser is a key intermediary in the transformation of bodies and the transmission of professional culture, while being relatively under-recognised in criticism and scholarship. The point of departure for this paper is that the dresser is a figure worthy of further scrutiny. As the Court and Ceremonial Manager at Ede and Ravenscroft, Christopher Allen is perhaps one of the common law's most important dressers. Allan is instrumental to the entry of the judiciary into their new roles by dressing them for the very first time in advance of their swearing-in ceremony. Established as a wig-making business in 1726 (later selling robes from 1871), Ede and Ravenscroft are the tailors and robe-makers of choice for the judiciary, not only in England and Wales, but in many common-law jurisdictions. This paper draws upon an interview with Allen about his work asthedresser of the judicial establishment of England and Wales in order to explore the role of dressing up in the production of images of the judiciary. Thinking about the role of the dresser in the production of the judicial image draws attention not simply to the function that dress plays in the law, but foregrounds the process ofdressing upas a key aspect of the law's performance.

Judges: Selection, Competence, Collegiality

On March 9, 2018, the highest officials of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and representatives of the international community assembled at the seat of the Court to welcome six newly elected judges and to bid farewell to the six who had concluded their term of office, including myself. In my then-capacity as President, I presided over their swearing-in ceremony, which, in accordance with the Rome Statute, must take place in open court. In my opening remarks, I emphasized that this ceremony, which takes place every three years, was an important moment for the institution. Six new judges were solemnly undertaking to exercise their respective functions impartially and conscientiously, something that embodies both individual and collective responsibilities. “Through renewal,” I said, “the institution ensures its continuity.”

Understanding 1 Malaysia: Analysis of Youth Perspectives

The concept of 1Malaysia is based on the principle of ‘People First, Performance Now’ and it was introduced by YAB Dato’ Sri Mohd. Najib Tun Abdul Razak on 3rd April 2009, soon after his swearing-in ceremony as the sixth Prime Minister of Malaysia. However, the 1Malaysia concept and its principles have yet to be fully understood by the public especially the youth. Critically, most laymen understand 1Malaysia through its aids, 1 Malaysia People’s Aid (BR1M) in particular, rather than its concepts and values. There are controversies in and out of the government on the concept and values of 1Malaysia.The purpose of the research is to analyse the perspectives of Malaysian youth leaders ranged from 21-40 from political divides and non-governmental organizations towards 1Malaysia concept and values. In-depth interviews were adopted for the collection of data. All the audiotape interviews were then transcribed and coded according to the themes that emerged from the qualitative interviews. The codes were then classified into larger themes that directly corresponded to the research questions, and the analysis of the data was guided by the theory of ideology and interpellation espoused by Louis Althusser.

Citizenship Policy from the Bottom-Up: The Linguistic and Semiotic Landscape of a Naturalization Field Office

This article follows a bottom-up approach to language policy (Ramanathan, 2005; Wodak, 2006) in an analysis of citizenship in policy and practice. It compares representations of citizenship in and around a regional branch of the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), with a focus on citizenship swearing-in ceremonies for adults and children, discourse of a USCIS field officer, and the linguistic landscape and social semiotics inside and surrounding the USCIS building. These local meanings of citizenship are contrasted with top-down, national meanings of citizenship that are enforced through Immigration and Naturalization Act policy, the naturalization test, and official discourse. Findings indicate that while the de jure citizenship policy of the local field office is to provide informational assistance to its community, its de facto practices suggest that help is prioritized for certain members of the population, in systematic and visible ways.

‘Modi'fications in Indian Foreign Policy

Indian foreign policy is ideologically dominated by Nehruvian model that emphasises on non-alignment. But the emergence of Mr. Narendra Modi in India's political horizon has been significantly transforming the emphasis and style of Indian foreign policy. Projecting his own uniqueness is the characteristic of Mr. Modi, which clearly reflected when he invited SAARC leaders in his swearing-in ceremony. His fast track diplomatic visits of neighbouring countries and meetings with the leaders of most of the major countries alongwith US President Barack Obama in less than a year have obviously given him a lead over his predecessors. Modi's new initiatives like, ‘Make in India’, ‘Digital India’, etc showcase his departure from the tradition. Though, former Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee was also no different, but he was careful to dress his policies like a continuum of the legacy of Nehruvian model. But Modi's emphasis is to project all his initiatives as departures. Hence, there are unprecedented expectations that the Modivian era has now been started in India's foreign policy to meet the demands of new geopolitical realities those were not emphasised earlier. Thus, the aim of this paper is to explore and investigate those modifications which came into the Indian foreign policy since Mr. Modi became prime minister of India. It examines the strategic initiatives and endeavours of new government, and discusses how the style and substances of Modi's foreign policies are different from his predecessors? This paper also makes an effort to analyse––to what extent will Modi's foreign policy be effective in accelerating the pace of India's rise as a global power? In particular, the paper exclusively focuses on India's foreign policy under Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

A Feminist Position on Sharing Governmental Power and Forging Citizenship in Cyprus: Proposals for the Ongoing Peace Negotiations

On 12 August 2013, a feminist stood up at a podium and declared that she would work for the benefit of ‘everyone living in Cyprus, [irrespective] of language, religion, race, birthplace, class, age, physical ability, gender, or sexual orientation, to create an environment of fairness and equality, to replace the culture of conflict and violence with that of peace and reconciliation, while staying committed to the principles of democracy, social welfare, human rights and freedoms, and to establish a federal Cypriot state’. Her words were noted because the podium was a parliamentary one, albeit internationally shunned since it represents the unrecognised Turkish Cypriot state in northern Cyprus, and because the context in which she uttered them was her swearing-in ceremony as a newly elected people’s representative. The session was stopped mid-oath, live broadcasts went silent, questions of ‘treason’ were raised, and she reappeared, reading the ‘normal’ oath. Dogus Derya later stated that she had wanted to swear according to her conscience and principles first, before reading out the given script. In Cyprus, this was the first of such public reformulations of constitutional tenets (isn’t this what a legislature oath points to?). It remains to be seen how they might be followed up, especially in the current context of recently resumed peace negotiations.

Telling a History of Australian Women Judges Through Courts' Ceremonial Archives

Swearing-in ceremonies are held to mark the investiture of a new judge on the bench. Transcribed and stored within courts' public records, these proceedings form a rich ‘ceremonial archive’. This paper showcases the value of this archive for the (re)telling of Australian legal history and, particularly, a history of Australian women lawyers. Using a case study drawn from the swearing-in ceremonies of women judges of the High Court, Federal Court, and Family Courts of Australia between 1993 and 2013, the paper explores what this archive reveals about the Australian legal community's attitudes towards women in the law. It argues that despite the regional and jurisdictional differences between these courts, recurring themes emerge. Notably, while feminising discourse dominates the earlier ceremonies, stories of the judges' personal and judicial identity come to display a more overt feminist consciousness by the end of the Labor Governments in power in Australia between 2007 and 2013.

Gender and Judging

Introduction: Gender and Judging: Overview and Synthesis Ulrike Schultz and Gisela Shaw PART 1: PIONEERS AND EMINENT WOMEN JUDGES 1.1. Becoming the First Women Judges in Ontario: Women Lawyers, Gender and the Politics of Judicial Appointment Mary Jane Mossman 1.2. Profiles in Leadership: Eminent Women Judges in the United States Elaine Martin 1.3. The Entry and Integration of Women into Judicial Positions in Israel Eyal Katvan 1.4. First Female Judges in the Weimar Republic in Germany: Reflections on Difference Marion Rowekamp PART 2: WOMEN JUDGES' WORK AND CAREERS 2.1. Feminisation of the French 'Magistrature': Gender and Judging in a Feminised Context Anne Boigeol 2.2. 'I was noticed and I was asked ...' Women's Careers in the Judiciary. Results of an empirical study for the Ministry of Justice in Northrhine-Westfalia, Germany Ulrike Schultz 2.3. Women Judges and Magistrates in Kenya: Challenges, Opportunities and Contributions Winifred Kamau 2.4. The Impact of Women on the Administration of Justice in Syria and the Judicial Selection Process Monique C Cardinal 2.5. Skills for Judicial Work: Comparing Women Judges and Women Magistrates Kathy Mack and Sharyn Roach Anleu 2.6. Professional Stress, Discrimination and Coping Strategies: Similarities and Differences between Female and Male Judges in Switzerland Revital Ludewig and Juan LaLlave PART 3: GENDER PERSPECTIVES IN JUDGING 3.1. Gendered Experiences of a Judge in Germany Ruth Herz 3.2. Women Judges in the Netherlands Bregje Dijksterhuis 3.3. Gender and Judging in Traditional and Modern Societies: A Comparison of Two Case Studies (Ivory Coast and Italy) Maria Rita Bartolomei 3.4. Gender Arguments and Gender Perspective in Legal Judgments in Argentina Andrea L Gastron, M Angela Amante and Ruben Rodriguez 3.5. Do Women on South Africa's Courts Make a Difference? Ruth B Cowan PART 4: GENDERED CONSTRUCTION OF JUDGES 4.1. 'May it Please the Court'. Forming Sexualities as Judicial Virtues in Judicial Swearing-in Ceremonies Leslie J Moran 4.2. Let History Judge? Gender, Race, Class and Performative Identity: A Study of Women Judges in England and Wales Hilary Sommerlad PART 5: FEMINIST JUDGES AND FEMINIST ADJUDICATION 5.1. Must Feminist Judges Self-identify as Feminists? Beverley Baines 5.2. Justice Marcia Neave: Case Study of a Feminist Judge Rosemary Hunter 5.3. What's in a Label? Argentine Judges' Reluctance to Call Themselves Feminists Beatriz Kohen 5.4. A Feminist Adjudication Process: Is There Such a Thing? Reg Graycar PART 6: QUOTAS AND DIVERSITY 6.1. Which Judicial Selection Systems Generate the most Women Judges? Lessons from the United States Sally J Kenney 6.2. Gender Quotas for the Judiciary in England and Wales Kate Malleson 6.3. Rethinking Judicial Diversity Erika Rackley PART 7: GENDER AND JUDICIAL EDUCATION 7.1. Gender and Judicial Education in India Ann Stewart 7.2. Gender and Judicial Education in Japan Kayo Minamino 7.3. Engendering the Judiciary-Lessons from the Philippines Atsuko Miwa 7.4. Gender Training for the Judiciary in Cambodia Keiko Sawa 7.5. Do German Judges Need Gender Education? Ulrike Schultz

A 1939 World's Fair Souvenir Plate

The 1939 World's Fair in New York City celebrated the future—“The World of Tomorrow”—while also commemorating the one-hundred-and-fiftieth anniversary of George Washington's inauguration as first president of the United States. (His swearing-in ceremony had taken place in the city.) This essay examines the odd juxtaposition of imagery depicting both events on a blue-and-white transfer-printed ceramic souvenir plate from the fair. In the central portion of the plate, a god-like Washington, seen from behind, stands on a neoclassical balcony gazing out over the fairgrounds toward the iconic Trylon and Perisphere; around the rim small illustrations show several of the significant structures at the fair. Using the plate as a starting point, this essay considers the contemporary significance of and enduring interest in the fair. It explores the role of food and food-related displays at the fair, and it offers an explanation for the style and form of this particular plate, and other souvenir plates, intended for display yet also referencing the everyday functionality of the common household dinner plate.

Re-Assessing the Relevance and Efficacy of Yoruba Gods as Agents of Punishment: A Study of Sango and Ogun

The general objective of this paper was to investigate the relevance and efficiency of Yoruba gods in the administration of punishment and justices on crime commitment. Two Yoruba gods (Sango and Ogun) were principally chosen. Six hundred (600) participants were conveniently sampled from three localities from three geo-political states in the western part of Nigeria. Univariate and bivariate analyses were used in the description of the samples and frequency distribution tables were employed in the presentation of the data. The results show that Yoruba natives still fear and respect these gods. The gods are still relevant and efficient in the administration of punishment on crime commission. The Yoruba natives show preference for the non-conventional punishments of these gods to modern criminal justice systems.
 Finally, the paper recommends the opinion survey polls on the inclusion of the invocations of these gods in the criminal justice systems of Nigeria and the likely implementations of the invocations in official swearing in ceremony for political and public office holders and the administration of the invocations in Nigerian courts of law.

‘Swearing Mary’: The Significance of the Speeches Made at Mary Gaudron's Swearing-in as a Justice of the High Court of Australia

During the High Court of Australia’s first century, Mary Gaudron served as the first and only female member of its bench. This paper commemorates the 25th anniversary of Gaudron’s appointment to the High Court by examining the speeches made at her swearing-in ceremony, in February 1987. Largely ignored by scholars, swearing-in ceremonies provide unique insights into the history of courts and the personality and philosophy of their judges. Through the prism of Gaudron’s swearing-in ceremony, this paper showcases the significance of these occasions as a commentary on the institutional and intellectual life of the Court. In particular, Gaudron’s swearing-in ceremony tells a fascinating story of institutional and gender politics in the High Court: the legal community’s varied response to the novelty of a woman High Court Justice; Gaudron’s intricate balancing between her distinctive vision of her obligations as a mentor to women lawyers and her role as ‘one of seven’ on a collegiate bench; and the perennial tension between innovation and tradition in legal method.