Swamp Area Research Articles

Pengaruh Aktivitas Masyarakat di Sekitar Pemukiman Lahan Basah terhadap Pencemaran Air

Wetlands are areas of swamp, brackish, peatland, and waters, permanent or temporary, with stagnant or flowing, fresh, brackish, or salt water, including areas of marine waters the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six meters. A wetland is an area where water has a permanent or seasonal presence. This study article uses research methods literature on a qualitative approach to obtain descriptive data by collecting data through literature review. As the human population increases, more and more of people choose to live outside the city, according to the analysis results, such as residential areas near wetlands. The presence of water is integral to the daily activities of communities living around wetlands. People who regularly engage in daily activities like bathing, cooking, washing, and using floating toilets may contribute to water pollution. This is due to the lack of knowledge and public awareness, leading to a negative perception of environmental cleanliness. These social activities eventually impact environmental quality, leading to water pollution.

Students’ Level of Knowledge of SDN Tatah Alayung on the Environmentally Conscious and Disaster Mitigation School Program in A Wetland Environment

Schools with Environmental Insight and Disaster Mitigation (SWALIBA) are part of educational institutions that are committed to and systematically integrating environmental values, and disaster preparedness attitudes into all aspects of school activities. The SWALIBA process involves three stages, namely development, progress, and service, which reflect the condition and readiness of the school to run this program. SDN Tatah Alayung is currently in the preparation stage to become a SWALIBA school, which requires physical and non-physical preparation. An assessment of the physical aspects of the school has been carried out to evaluate the readiness to implement SWALIBA at SDN Tatah Alayung, and the results will be presented in scientific articles and activity reports. The approach methods in the Community Partnership Program include counseling, discussion, training, simulation, mentoring, monitoring, and evaluation of activities. Program evaluation shows that the level of student understanding at SDN Tatah Alayung is 96.79%, categorized as good. However, in terms of mitigation, training, simulation, and outreach regarding disasters in swamp areas, improvement still needs to be done because students' understanding is still below 50%. The analysis results were obtained from 53 respondents from class IV, V, and VI students. The technology that was successfully implemented involved changing attitudes and habits through outreach activities, discussions, training and simulations, as well as creating an attractive SWALIBA pocketbook for elementary school students.

Morphology Development of West Surabaya

The development of the morphology of the city of West Surabaya has become the new modern area with housing developments since the 1970s. At first, most of the area of West Surabaya was an area of rice fields, dry fields, and swamps. Along with the increasing number of residential area developments, West Surabaya has become an increasingly crowded area. The presence of the Citraland developer accelerated the city’s morphological development. This paper explains how the area is developing with the presence of Citraland real estate in West Surabaya. The method of explanation is by analyzing the data and sources obtained through the stages of historical research methods, which include heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Based on the results of data analysis and sources obtained, it was found that the development of the real estate area in Surabaya included two development periods, namely the period before the involvement of investors and after being handled by investors with CitraLand’s real estate intervention. The Citraland developer has changed the West Surabaya area morphologically with various developments that have been carried out. Some of the indicators are the emergence of differences in the social status of the inhabitants. Most of the luxury and medium-sized residential types in Citraland were inhabited by the Chinese community, while local residents occupy simple residential types in the Griya Citra Asri area. However, the development of CitraLand has made a major contribution to the morphological development of the western part of Surabaya.
 Keywords: city morphology, West Surabaya, real estate, Citraland

Investigation of a large-scale waste dump failure at the Mae Moh mine in Thailand

This research investigates the potential mechanisms and possible causes of a large-scale waste dump failure in the Mae Moh Lignite Mine, which is Thailand's largest open-pit coal mine. The large-scale failure of the waste dumpsite covered an area of approximately 1.56 km2 when the dump materials reached a height of 135 m from the original ground. The failure event involved the mobilization of a 70-Mm3 mass of the dump material with 1.2 km in length and 1.3 km in width. The causes of this failure were investigated in this research based on a scientific investigation approach for the remedial action. The geophysical and geotechnical investigation was first performed to characterize the waste dump materials and the perched water condition. The electrical resistivity tomography analysis was also performed within the failure zone and its results were calibrated with the boreholes and interpreted to depict the overview of the geotechnical conditions of waste dump materials. Finally, the stability of the waste dumpsite was investigated using the finite element method (Plaxis 2D program). Based on the critical analysis of the studied data, the causes of waste dump slope failure could be attributed to two main factors, which are the presence of a perched water table associated with the high porewater pressure and the presence of a weak basal layer at the interface between the hard foundation and the waste dump materials. This weak basal layer was the claystone deposited in the swamp area above the hard foundation and deteriorated over time with the increasing amount of waste dumped. The dumping of waste materials over the natural river and pond and the rainwater infiltration over time caused the presence of a perched zone in the waste dumpsite. Failure of the dump slope can be classified as due to a wedge mode of failure, which causes the kinematics with the horizontal translation of a passive wedge and vertical subsidence of an active wedge.

Identifying Issues in the Katingan I Swamp Irrigation Area Through Field Survey and Monitoring Approaches

The Katingan irrigation area is a swamp area that has undergone agricultural development. The optimization of yields necessitates the adaptation of management strategies in response to the challenges encountered within the swamp irrigation area. The objective of this study is to discern the issues in the Katingan I swamp irrigation area by conducting field surveys and monitoring. The field survey was conducted from December 2022 to March 2023. The primary data collected are water level, quality, agricultural products, and field documentation. Secondary data such as rainfall, irrigation network schemes, and institutions were also acquired. The survey result found water acidity issues due to water coming from peat forests and acid sulphate soils. The acidity of the water rises during low tide and when rain carries acidic water. There is a problem with high salinity, particularly during high tide in dry seasons. Optimal water management is achievable through continuous monitoring of water level and quality. Another issue is a lack of human resources to cultivate the land, especially because the irrigation service area has recently been expanded. The results of this study hopefully provide valuable insights for developing future management strategies in Katingan.

Processing and interpretation of magnetic data in the Caucasus Mountains and the Caspian Sea: A review

<p>With the rapid development of aeromagnetic (primarily uncrewed) methods for measuring the magnetic field, the possibility of detailed magnetic research in hard-to-reach mountainous areas, forested areas, swamp areas, desert areas, and water areas has emerged. The conditions for interpreting the magnetic field are most difficult due to the vector nature of the magnetic properties of rocks, the wide range of their properties, and the presence of residual magnetization. The physical and geological conditions of the territory of Azerbaijan are characterized by rugged terrain relief, inclined magnetization (~58°), and complex geological environments. Along with using a probabilistic approach, deterministic methods for solving inverse and direct problems of geophysics become of great importance since it is possible to identify relatively extended reference boundaries and analyze magnetic anomalies from separate bodies of relatively simple shape. The article briefly outlines the main stages of processing and interpreting magnetic data under complex environments. The theoretical examples discussed include a block diagram of various disturbances, interpretive models of thin and thick beds, an intermediate model, a thin horizontal plate, and a horizontal circular cylinder on the flat and inclined surfaces under inclined magnetization conditions. The process of assessing magnetization on sloping terrain relief is shown. The presented field examples for the Caucasus Mountains show the quantitative interpretation of aeromagnetic data at the Big Somalit and Guton sites (southern Greater Caucasus, Azerbaijan), a deep regional profile through the Lesser and Greater Caucasus, magnetic field studies in the area around the Saatly superdeep borehole (Middle Kur depression between the Greater and Lesser Caucasus), and 3D magnetic field modeling at the Gyzylbulag gold deposit (the Azerbaijani part of the Lesser Caucasus). In the Caspian Sea, we demonstrated the use of an information parameter to identify faults in the Bulla hydrocarbon field (Gulf of Baku) and, for the first time, obtained the relationship between the generalized aeromagnetic data (2.5 kilometers over the mean sea level) and the central area of the mud volcanoes distribution in Azerbaijan.</p>

Dynamics of the forest cover of raised bogs in southern taiga: Zapadnaya Dvina forest peatland station as an example (Tver region)

The article is devoted to testing the hypothesis about the current increase in the forest cover of raised bogs in the forest zone, depending on changes in climatic conditions. To analyze the dynamics of forest cover using the example of raised bogs in the Tver region, a methodology was developed based on the use of different generations of Landsat satellite data. The methodology was tested on ground data and applied to analyze changes in forest cover between 1976 and 2022 in several raised bog areas, including undisturbed areas and areas drained for forestry. The study tested approximately 20 vegetation indices across a variety of surveys, including summer and winter (snow) conditions. The classification results were verified using planting taxation data on circular plots and assessed using error matrices. Moderate-resolution Landsat satellite imagery, especially winter imagery, has been found to be suitable for long-term analysis of afforestation dynamics in raised bogs. An optimal vegetation index SWVI (Short wave vegetation index) and classification technique are proposed. The results of the study showed that afforestation increases in all undrained areas of swamps, regardless of their initial state. The smallest changes are observed for areas with low crown density (0-0.1), to a greater extent for density 0.2-0.3, and the greatest changes occur in areas with high crown density (0.6-0.7 and higher).

Wetland Vegetation Resources and Livelihood Outcomes of Yala Swamp Residents

Wetlands are highly productive ecosystems, providing several goods and services that are of value to people. Never the less, there is limited evidence to attest to this value especially in wetland areas of Kenya. The study was conducted to assess the effects of wetland vegetation use on community member’s livelihoods. The research design of the project was a descriptive survey with a sample of 200 participants drawn from households in Yala swamp area. Data was collected from a sample of 146 households using a structured questionnaire. This represented a 73.2% response rate, which was considered sufficient for analysis and inference. The study showed that the wetland vegetation use has a positive influence on both improved healthcare and nutrition of the Yala swamp community members. The study concluded that wetland vegetation resources played an important role in ensuring the community members’ livelihood outcomes through improved incomes, healthcare, and better nutrition. The study recommends that wetland resources should be protected otherwise, their key functions could be impaired when wetlands are lost or degraded.

Analisis dan Prediksi Pemanfaatan DAS Sebangau Secara Berkelanjutan di Desa Garung Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah

People who have lived in watersheds for a long time rely on fish and wood for their livelihoods, but these resources are still getting worse because of people. On the one hand, growth keeps going, and the population keeps growing yearly without anyone stopping it. This means that market demand keeps increasing, which makes people using the watershed do too much fishing and logging.
 Along the Sebangau watershed, social and environmental problems are now, such as the loss of peat swamp forest land cover and fewer fish. There are also social and cultural problems, such as the incomes of the people who really do sustainable fishing are still decreasing. To solve these complicated and interconnected problems, we need methods from different fields that work together.
 The system dynamics methodology is one way to figure out policy scenarios for how watersheds will be used in the future in a complicated, dynamic way that involves many parts and pieces. System dynamics can make the behaviour of the environmental management system easier to understand and model. This helps area managers and the government devise other ways to make decisions about the future.
 Palangka Raya University's academics did this study to give TNS managers and local governments information about climate change and the global environment and to predict symptoms or events that are bad for the people, nation, and state of RI. This study is about the University of Palangka Raya's Principal Scientific Pattern (PIP), the Development of Science and Technology in Tropical Peat Swamp Areas and River Streams, also known as Science and Technology Innovation.

Study of the effects of land use change on water yield in the Qilian Mountains in western China

The Qilian Mountains serve as significant ecological security barriers in the western region of China. Their continuous and stable water supply is essential for the sustainability of the human oasis in the Hexi Corridor, as well as for the maintenance of the desert ecosystem in the north. In the past three decades, land use in this area has changed significantly because of human activities, which has had a profound impact on water yield services. Based on the Water Yield module of the InVEST model, we evaluated the area and water yield of land use during 1990–––2020, and discussed the characteristics of water yield response to changes in land use. As a result of the study, it was found that in the Qilian Mountains during the period 1990–––2020: (1) the areas of swamp, unused land, medium coverage grassland, and woodland reduced, while the areas of high coverage grassland, low coverage grassland, cultivated land, construction land, glaciers, and water area increased, and each land use type exhibited a different degree of transformation. (2) In terms of total water yield, this declined by 1.09 × 108 m3, water yield of medium coverage grasslands, unused land, and swamp decreased, while water yield of other land uses increased, however, the responses to the change in water yield as a result of the change in land use were significant. (3) The areas with decreased water yield fall mainly within the high-altitude areas of the Qinghai Lake and Qaidam river watersheds, while the low-altitude areas were characterized by an increase in water yield. This study may provide decision-makers with guidance for protecting the ecosystem of the Qilian Mountains and developing a national park in the Qilian Mountains.

Alternative waste management: composting and biochar conversion for metal remediation

Palm oil agribusiness drives agricultural economic growth the greatest. Developing palm oil agriculture can solve economic issues. Despite low productivity, swamp areas can be used to grow oil palm plants to increase palm oil production. Due to low plant cultivation technology use from sowing to harvest and soil amelioration, plant productivity needs to be maximized. This study will qualitatively synthesize all research data to investigate biochar and organic materials as soil fertility and productivity supplements in swamp terrain. This study summarises primary research using a systematic review. Peer-reviewed PDF-formatted scientific literature. Journal articles in Indonesian and English on Instagram's usefulness as a digital socialization medium, especially in government institutions, were chosen. The Harzing Publish or Perish software searched Google, ScienceDirect, and Emerald for relevant papers from the past five years. This literature review was synthesized using a narrative method to group similar retrieved data by outcomes measured to meet objectives. According to the results, palm oil biomass waste as compost or biochar is a realistic way to manage organic waste. Biochar can sink atmospheric carbon as a soil amendment by converting biomass into aromatic carbon, which degrades less. This article discusses how waste management increases biological decomposition.

CHANGES IN HYDROGEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS DURING BOGGING IN THE SOUTHEAST OF THE WEST SIBERIAN PLAIN

Link for citation: Savichev O.G. Changes in hydrogeological conditions during bogging in the southeast of the West Siberian plain. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 10, рр. 187-198. In Rus. Relevance of the research is determined by the need to understand the mechanisms of interaction between groundwater, swamp and river waters in conditions of severe swampiness in the taiga zone of Western Siberia to solve a number of scientific and engineering problems both at present and in the future. The aim: quantitative assessment of changes in the levels of groundwaters during the characteristic periods of swamping of the southeast of the West Siberian Plain: 1) the beginning of an intensive spread of peat swamps with a peat deposit thickness of 0,3 m or more; 2) oligotrophization of swamps. Methods: methods of mathematical modeling, statistical methods. Results and conclusions. The author has carried out the analysis of peat deposit structure in the southern part of the Chaya river (a tributary of the Ob river) catchment area. The large-scale formation of peat swamps (with a peat thickness of 0,3 m or more) in the area under consideration occurred approximately 4 thousand years ago; the oligotrophization of the peat deposit (on a regional scale) occurred approximately 2,0…1,5 thousand years ago. In both cases, the main part of the swamps presumably could be attributed to the lowland type, but compared with the modern period in the first case their total area was 2 times less, and in the second was 1,7 times more. Taking into account these estimates, the average values of infiltration Inf and filtration coefficients Kf were determined, the ratio Inf/Kf dependence on the area of low-moor peat swamps was obtained, and groundwater levels were calculated at the present time and for periods of 1,7 and 4,1 thousand years ago. During the oligotrophization of the peat deposit (approximately 2,0...1,5 thousand years ago), with a high probability, there was a deterioration in water exchange between swamps and underground aquifers and an increase in groundwater levels. The beginning of intensive regional swamping (about 4 thousand years ago) occurred against the background of intense water-erosion processes. This results in accumulation of river alluvium accompanied by a rise in the levels of river water and then groundwater.

Technical Efficiency of Local Rice Farming in Tidal Swamp Areas of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia: Determinants and Implications

Technical Efficiency of Local Rice Farming in Tidal Swamp Areas of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia: Determinants and Implications

Investigation on the Compaction Characteristic of Sabah Peat Soil Stabilised with Eco-Processed Pozzolan (EPP)

Peat soil was defined as the highly organic surface layer derived primarily from plant remains. Peat, on the other hand, was the subsurface of wetland systems, consisting of unconsolidated superficial layers with high non-crystalline colloid (humus) content. It has a dark brown to black colour, an organic odour, and a spongy consistency in general. Peat soil was mainly found in swamp areas. It was a partly decomposed organic layer of soil generated primarily from plant matter that has collected under waterlogging, high acidity, oxygen scarcity, and nutritional insufficiency. Peat soils have a low shear strength of 5 to 20 kPa, high compressibility of 0.9 to 1.5, and a high moisture content of >100%. Peat also has a lot of deformation, a lot of magnitudes, and many screens, and it contains a lot of organic stuff (>75%). The purpose of the study was to prognosticate the potential of Eco-Processed Pozzolan (EPP) as peat soil stabilisation material with improved technique and its consequence of the methods, which was the peat soils index properties and analyse the characteristics of the peat soil stabilisation before and after treatment using Eco-Processed Pozzolan (EPP). The undistributed soil sample was taken 0.5m underground from the surface in cylindrical shape 150 mm high and 90 mm inner diameter. The soil was mixed with 10%, 20%, and 30% Eco-Processed Pozzolan (EPP) then compacted (compaction test) in a metal mould of internal diameter 105 mm using a 2.5 kg rammer, of 50 mm diameter, free-falling from 300 mm above the top of the soil Three layers compaction of approximately equal depth and 27 blows spread evenly over the soil surface for each layer. The expected result to accomplish the main purpose was to prognosticate the potential Eco-Processed Pozzolan (EPP) as peat soil stabilization material with improvement technique and its consequence of the methods. According to the findings, peat soil treated with EPP will transform its qualities from peat to usable soil. However, the presence of moisture will reduce the mixture's ability. According to the findings of this study, the optimum EPP for stabilising peat soils was 30-40%.

Changing Economic Strategies in the Ecsed Marsh

The Ecsed Swamp was formed in the New Holocene Era in the lowest areas of Nyírség and Szatmár Plains. Besides the protective nature of the swamp, it was a significant source of livelihood for the local population – loach fish collecting (csikász), bird hunting and egg collecting (pákász) were the main occupations of the “swamp people”. The Ecsed Swamp, which once covered almost 432 km2 was drained at the end of the 19th century that caused significant changes in everyday life and farming. The inhabitants of the so-called “Loach land” (Csíkország) tried to dig up and cultivate marshy areas even before the drainage. Burning, cutting and cleaning were already known among the swamp people, since this was the only way to carry out farming activities in this area. In their frustration the swamp people effected by the drainage tried to obtain land for cultivation. They worked on the lands purchased by the Károlyi noble family. More prosperous ones also built farms on the border of the neighbouring villages, thus the process of homesteading began. In the 21st century, the cultivation of agricultural land in the area of former swamps is causing significant problems since water shortage is now characteristic towhole Europe. Reedfires in the former swamp areais a phenomenon that exists to this day. With the transformation of landscape and ways of farming and living, the need to apply different economic strategies arose, which I will discuss t in my research study with case studies from the 19th and 21st centuries.

Composition and Diversity of Swamp Plants In Lawa District, Southeast Sulawesi

This research aims to determine the composition and diversity of seasonal swamp plants in Kasiono Oe, Lawa District, West Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, and analyze environmental factors that influence the growth of Kasiono Oe swamp plants. This research is descriptive-quantitative research carried out at 5 stations in the swamp area, namely Station I (Lianoghule River flow), station II (Mata River flow), station III (Soni River flow), station IV (near settlements) and Station V (near plantations ). Location determination uses the path and grid method with a width of 20x20 (for the tree phase) and the line method (for the seedling, sapling, and pole phase), installing transects 50 m long with a length of 100 m. The results of the research showed that the composition of plant species found in Station I was found to be 4 plant species totaling 115 individuals, Station II 9 species totaling 71 individuals, Station III 5 plant species totaling 49 individuals, station IV 5 species totaling 61 individuals and station IV 8 species totaling 109 individuals. The diversity index for the tree stratum was 1.03, the pole stratum 0.63, the sapling stratum 1.3, and the seedling stratum for Station II 1.09 and Station V 1.01. The highest uniformity index for the tree stratum was 0.943, and the lowest was 0.918. For the pole stratum, it was 0.91; the highest for the sapling stratum was 0.97. The lowest was 0.81, the highest for the seedling stratum was 0.99, and the lowest was 0.81.

Diversity, distribution and conservation status of the world’s smallest fish, Paedocypris progenetica

Paedocypris progenetica, the smallest fish in the world and recorded as Near Threatened by the IUCN Red List due to a large population declined. This condition caused survival threats on the population of Paedocypris. Thus, the objective of this study is to examine the species of Paedocypris in the selected peat swamp area based on their diversity, distribution, and conservation status. A total of 66 individuals were collected from February 2019 to September 2021 from three out of four selected sampling area, comprising of two species namely Paedocypris progenetica (TL: 6.63-12.50 mm) and Paedocypris mircromegethes (TL: 8.89-10.60 mm). The results displayed that P. progenetica was found at two sampling locations and dsitinguished the greater in local distribution (LD) which is 50% followed by P. micromgethes (25%) represented the lowest distribution. Moreover, parameter measurements (in situ) of water quality in the blackwater peat swamp revealed temperatures ranging from 23°C to 25.3°C while pH between 4.0-6.9. The population trend for Paedocypris genus is declining due to continuing loss and degradation of blackwater peat swamp habitat which is considered to be the greatest threat.

The Potential and Prospect of Tidal Swamp Lands for Sustainable Soybean Production

The demand for food, particularly as a source of protein for the majority of Indonesia’s population, has not yet been satisfied by the country’s soybean production. For these reasons, the government works nonstop to intensify and extend soybean production in order to enhance productivity. Indonesia has a sizable amount of tidal marsh area (more than 700 000 ha) that is spread out throughout a number of islands, including Sumatera, Kalimantan, and Papua. The physical and chemical characteristics of the soil, such as water saturation in the root zones, a low pH, and a high Al concentration for soybean growth, are the main limitations of this land. However, the area may produce high soybean productivity (2.0 - 2.5 t/ha) with excellent management techniques. It is already possible to grow soybeans on tidal marsh lands using land and plant management techniques like fertilization, water management, amelioration, and tolerance varieties. In order to ensure sustained national soybean production in Indonesia and achieve self-sufficiency, tidal swamp areas have tremendous potential and chances for development.

THE NEST OF THE SCARLET-HEADED BLACKBIRD AMBLYRAMPHUS HOLOSERICEUS IN BRAZIL WITH NOTES ON ITS BREEDING BEHAVIOR

Although it is a common marsh bird of central Brazil, there is little information about the reproductive biology of the Scarlet-headed Blackbird Amblyramphus holosericeus. Here we present data from observations made of two nests —found in November 2005 and March 2008— amid the vegetation of a flooded area in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, the central-west region of Brazil. The nests were built by the couple attached to marshy vegetation, at least 1 m above the surface of the water. The clutches consisted of two eggs with a greenish background color, spotted with fine brown striations and some small, spaced spots across the surface. In one of the nests the incubation period lasted 13 days. Both male and female cared for the chicks, who left the nest around 10 days after hatching. Despite its Least Concern global conservation status, the species could be experiencing a population decline, primarily due to the destruction of swamp areas and to frequent fires in much of the Pantanal region during drought periods.

Performance of Rice Hope Lines in the Lebak Shallow Swamp Sorong Regency, Southwest Papua

Rice is one of the important food commodities in Indonesia. The extensification of swamp land is expected to play a role in supporting the increase in national rice production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of promising strains of swamp rice produced by BB-Biogen breeding tolerant to Fe poisoning in the shallow swamp area of Sorong-Southwest Papua. The experiment used a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications and 17 genotypes as treatments. The observed characters include the growth and yield component characters. Data analysis included analysis of variance to find out the differences between each test lines and continued with the LSI test to obtain the expected lines that performed well and were superior in the Sorong lebak swamps. The results of the analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences in all the characters tested. The results showed that TT, JAT and JAP showed the best results including the G21 and G11 lines, the G7 line had the highest percentage of filled grain, the G6 line had the heaviest 1000 grain weight. While the G1 and G7 lines had the highest yields per plot equivalent to 6.15 and 5.92 t/ha,