Sustained State Research Articles

Impact of tourism sustainability on regional development: a systematic literature review

ABSTRACT This review highlights the status of tourism sustainability and regional development studies. A search of two major databases (Web of Science and Scopus) was conducted to determine relevant articles. The research for this study was carried out from 2013 to 2023. Forty-eight articles were identified and based on the content analysis of research articles, a few significant themes were identified from the earlier literature: sustainable tourism development in fragile areas; tourism and new economic geography; tourism sustainability indicators; the impact of specialty tourism on regional development; spatial sustainability of tourism; the impact of sustainable tourism on economic development, and environment competitiveness and tourism growth. This study contributes to the existing knowledge from the socio-economics perspective by investigating these themes in detail. Hence, the main results of the present study emphasize the relationship between sustainable tourism and regional development as concepts that should operate together in a strong association.

How sustainable is OpenStreetMap? Tracking individual trajectories of editing behavior

ABSTRACT OpenStreetMap (OSM) has been playing increasingly important roles in location-based services, urban planning, tourism, and disaster management. In this paper, we examine a fundamental issue: can OSM reliably provide its services in the long run? To address this sustainable issue, we propose (1) inner cycle of career stages (i.e. activity levels) for monitoring the sustainable status of OSM and (2) critical mass theory for identifying driving factors that make OSM sustain. These new tools are used to track individual trajectories of editing behavior in 2005–2021. Our results suggest that OSM has been self-sustaining up to now and does not show a sign of decline yet. This is supported by the ever-decreasing turnover time and stabilized turnover rate. Together with the finding that most contributors transitioned to a higher career stage within a month, we identify an accelerated socialization process within OSM. We find further that it is the critical mass of people rather than content that makes OSM sustain. This contrasts with the common wisdom: recruiting more people with small contributions is far more important to the long-term growth of OSM than relying on a group of core members with large contributions. Implications and recommendations are critically discussed.

Soil quality index (SQI) for evaluating the sustainability status of Kakia-Esamburmbur catchment under three different land use types in Narok County, Kenya

Land and water degradation caused by soil erosion and climate change pose major environmental threats, particularly in agricultural watersheds. Soil erosion in a catchment leads to low crop yields due to declining soil quality (SQ), productivity and sustainability. However, very few studies have been done to assess soil health in Kenya, and none in Narok County. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the soil sustainability status in Kakia-Esamburmbur catchment, based on the identification of key indicators (IKI) from a large dataset (LDS) of 23 indicators, across three land use types designated as grass land (GL), crop land (CL) and forest land (FL). To achieve the stated objective, two soil quality indexing methods were employed: the Additive Soil Quality Index (A-SQI) using the LDS; and the Weighted Soil Quality Index (W-SQI) using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) as a reduction tool to obtain the IKI set. The results show that at a depth of 20 cm, the catchment's soils characteristics did not differ significantly. The two methods (A-SQI and W-SQI) resulted in FL having the highest SQI mean values (0.61, 0.57), followed by CL (0.59, 0.55), while the lowest SQI mean value was recorded in GL (0.58, 0.53). Additionally, the sensitivity analysis showed W-SQI as the most sensitive and superior method in the evaluation of SQI changes due to its high sensitivity and coefficient of variation (CV), at 2.25 and >12 %, respectively. Among the ten IKI, CEC made the greatest contribution to SQ (18.68 %), followed by BD (15.61 %), BIR (14.71 %), Mg (14.26 %), MBN (8.30 %), MBC (8.26 %), Sand (6.77 %), Moisture (5.75 %), TOC (5.16 %), and PMN (2.63 %). The findings show that the catchment belongs to the "medium" category of SQ. The IKI can help save time and reduce the cost of intensive lab works for temporal assessment and monitoring of the effects of different land use on SQ.

Coastal Tourism and Fisheries Nexus: Comparing Sustainability of Small Islands with Varying Degrees of Tourism Development as Perceived by Fishers and Tourists

Tourism in small islands is usually prioritized over fishing on the assumption that marginal fishers will eventually benefit from the multiplier effects of tourism activities. This leads to the difficult coastal tourism and fisheries nexus (CTF) conundrum, however, since the natural balance in small islands has been disturbed. Thus, to compare how locals and visitors perceived sustainability in small islands with the entry of tourism activities, Delphi surveys of 395 fishers and 113 tourists were conducted in Boracay, Gigantes, and Guimaras islands, Philippines. The indicators used were based on the UN sustainability framework and measured through a five-point Likert scale. Sustainability status was determined using the IUCN sustainability barometer, whereas sustainability ratings were compared (α = 0.05) for respondents and study sites using standardized Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis H-tests, respectively, with Games-Howell multiple comparison tests as post hoc. Results show that, overall, the three small islands are in potentially sustainable status (i.e. acceptable performance). In specific terms, both ecological and institutional dimensions are also in potentially sustainable status, whereas the socio-economic dimension has a sustainable status (i.e. desirable performance). Gigantes, however, has a significantly lower sustainability score (p < 0.05) compared to Boracay and Guimaras, which were not significantly different. Interestingly, tourists rated all small islands as sustainable with a perception rating significantly higher (p < 0.05) than fishers who perceived that their islands have only a potentially sustainable status. These findings suggest the difference in how fishers and tourists may look at programs and initiatives with long-term viability, and this needs to be addressed to attain a better and stable CTF so it can be used as a CRM strategy that can contribute to the sustainability goals in small islands.

Leading countries and research networks advancing clean production and environmental sustainability in Southeast Asia

PurposeThis study aims to assess the response of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to cleaner production and environmental sustainability, with a specific focus on identifying the leading countries and research networks driving these efforts.Design/methodology/approachA benchmarking academic journal was chosen, and the journal’s archive was comprehensively examined. To construct the data set, a conventional keyword search technique was applied in February 2023 to filter for ASEAN affiliations. The study used hybrid bibliometric analyses and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to analyze the collected data and address the research purpose.FindingsThe data analysis revealed a rising research trend, particularly after 2014. Malaysia had the most publications, followed by Thailand and Singapore, and their publications had the most cumulative citations among ASEAN countries. Research collaborations between Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore were frequent, but participation from other countries was low. The research topics on which ASEAN members focused were also identified, but it became apparent that there was little coordination. A scant few collaborations involving more than two countries were observed; thus, the MCDA analysis concluded that research leadership was absent in ASEAN countries.Originality/valueThis study contributes insights to the existing literature and offers a valuable overview of the research direction and collaboration status of cleaner production and environmental sustainability in the ASEAN region, thus benefiting policymakers. Additionally, this study introduces a novel approach combining bibliometrics analysis with MCDA to assess research collaboration, thus providing a novel methodology for future research policy evaluations.

Sustainability of the Philippine food system

Understanding the status of the Philippine food system is vital in identifying pathways to improve sustainable nutrition security in the country. In the present study, we quantitatively examined the sustainability status of the Philippine food system using the Sustainable Nutrition Security (SNS) metrics. The country’s food system obtained low scores for resilience, food nutrient adequacy, ecosystem stability, and food safety, while better scores were obtained for sociocultural wellbeing, food affordability and availability, and waste and loss reduction. The Philippine food production and supply face important challenges in diversification, coupled with socioeconomic disparities. Potential convergence points among relevant stakeholders were identified to improve the diversity of the food supply chain and to develop the overall resilience of the Philippine food system.

Evaluasi Keberlanjutan Usahatani Sayuran Dalam Sistem Agroforestry Di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Brantas Hulu, Jawa Timur, Indonesia Dengan Metode Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS)

<p>Sustainable agricultural system is an agricultural system that is ecologically viable (environmentally friendly), economically viable and socially acceptable and does not conflict with the culture of the local community. The Upper Brantas River Basin (DAS) is one of the most strategic areas in East Java Province, Indoensia, because of its function as an area for providing raw water and producing environmental services. However, as time goes by, population growth in the area continues to increase, this can causing high pressure on land use for settlements, increasingly intensive agriculture, even on land with a slope of more than 30 degrees. One way to overcome this problem is by implementing agroforestry. The aim of this research is to evaluate the sustainability of vegetable farming using an agroforestry system from ecological, economic and socio-cultural dimensions in the Upper Brantas Watershed Area, as well as analyzing sensitive attributes that influence sustainability status. The number of respondents in this research is 60 which consist of farmers who have selected randomly, key informan and stakeholders. The data analysis method used is Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) through the Rap-farm coordination technique. The results of the research show that vegetable farming in the Upper Brantas watershed in the agroforestry system has a sustainability status that is in the 'moderately sustainable' category with an index score in the ecological dimensions of 76.30 (very sustainable), economic of 54.83 (quite sustainable) and social culture of 63.06 (quite sustainable). Sensitive attributes in the ecological dimension are waste recycling and livestock ownership, the economic dimension is land ownership and marketing of agricultural products, and the socio-cultural dimension is the health level of farming households.</p>

An integrated FBWM-FCM-DEMATEL model to assess and manage the sustainability in the supply chain: A three-stage model based on the consumers’ point of view

While sustainability is recognized as a crucial aspect of supply chain (SC) management, its implementation within a SC is often fraught with challenges. These challenges encompass possible causal relationships and trade-offs among sustainable SC (SSC) practices, spanning all three dimensions of sustainability. Furthermore, the increasing importance of consumers’ point of view in the rapid and widespread communication era highlights the imperative to integrate this view into the SC’s sustainability efforts. This paper proposes a comprehensive model for assessing and managing the implementation of sustainability in the SC while effectively tackling these challenges and requirements. Specifically, across three distinct stages, the model enables (1) identifying the SSC practices from the consumers’ point of view and ranking them based on their contribution to the overall sustainability; (2) determining the causal relationships among the practices and assessing the sustainability status of the SC; and (3) prioritizing the practices and developing improvement scenarios to improve the overall sustainability of the SC. To support its objectives, the proposed model employs social media analysis and scenario planning, along with three key techniques, including the Fuzzy Best-Worst Method (FBWM) for ranking the practices, Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCM) for determining the possible causal relationships among the practices and assessing the sustainability status, and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) for segmenting the practices based on their cause-and-effect relationships. Finally, the paper presents an empirical study in which the proposed model is applied to a mobile phone and smartphone (MPSP) SC, representing one of the most commonly consumed products in contemporary human life.

Policy implications for synergistic management of PM2.5 and O3 pollution from a pattern-process-sustainability perspective in China

In recent years, the pattern of air pollution in China has changed profoundly, and PM2.5 and surface ozone (O3) have become the main air pollutants affecting the air quality of cities and regions in China. The synergistic control of the two has become the key to the sustainable improvement of air quality in China. In this study, we investigated and analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution patterns, exposure health risks, key drivers, and sustainable characteristics of PM2.5 and O3 concentrations in China from 2013 to 2022 at the national and city cluster scales by combining methodological models such as spatial statistics, trend analysis, exposure-response function, Hurst index, and multi-scale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model. Ultimately, a synergistic management system for PM2.5 and O3 pollution was proposed. The results showed that: (1) The PM2.5 concentration decreased at a rate of 1.45 μg/m3 per year (p < 0.05), while the O3 concentration increased at a rate of 2.54 μg/m3 per year (p < 0.05). The trends of the two concentrations showed significant differences in spatial distribution. (2) Population exposure risks to pollutants showed an increasing trend, with PM2.5 and O3 increasing by 55.1 % and 42.7 %, respectively. The annual deaths associated with exposure to PM2.5 and O3 demonstrated a decreasing and inverted U-shaped trend, respectively, with annual average deaths of 1.312 million and 98,000. Significant regional disparities in health risks from these pollutants were influenced by socio-economic factors such as industrial activities and population density. In the future, it is expected that more than half of China's regions will be exposed to rising risks of PM2.5 and O3 population exposure. (3) Key drivers of regional exacerbation in PM2.5 and O3 levels include the number of industrial enterprises above designated size (NSIE) and population agglomeration (PA), while the disposable income of urban residents (URDI), technological innovation (TI), and government attention level (GAL) emerged as primary factors in controlling pollution hotspots, ranked in order of influence from greatest to least as TI > GAL > URDI. Overall, this study sheds light on the current status of air pollution and health risk sustainability in China and enhances the understanding of future air pollution dynamics in China. The results of the study may help to develop effective targeted control measures to synergize the management of PM2.5 and O3 in different regions.

Primary Economics Sustainability in the National Strategic Area of ​​Gerbangkertosusila

Evaluation of sustainable development that has been carried out becomes the main discourse in this study, as a basis for further development planning and creating regional economic sustainability. This issue will be analyzed using the Regional Sustaibility Account (RSA) method to quantify the primary sector sustainability situation in Gerbangkertosusila which significantly affects the capacity to create sustainable development pathways and industrial policies that are more reflective in understanding the implications of sustainable development cycles. The limitation of this method is that the values and data presented come from partial sources per Regency/City. Thus, the results presented are in the form of partial economic sustainability status as well. The results of the analysis found that regencies/cities in the national strategic area of Gerbangkertosusia with a large industrial support base experienced disruptions to the continuity of the primary supply base which in turn could lead to unsustainability. In general, the results obtained are Gresik and Bangkalan districts with Chronic unsustainable criteria. Mojokerto and Sidoarjo Regencies on the Almost unsustainable criteria. Surabaya City on Sustainable criteria and Lamongan Regency on Good sustainable criteria.

Sustainability evaluation of a smallholder cocoa plantation on the Sebatik Island, Indonesia, using a multidimensional scaling approach

The Sebatik Island is one of the main cocoa-producing regions in Indonesia, but its productivity has been reported to be below the potential production volume. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the sustainability index for smallholder cocoa plantations on the Sebatik Island using the multidimensional scaling (MDS), known as the RAP- SEBATIK (rapid appraisal for cocoa on Sebatik Island) that adopts from the RAPFISH (Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries). The MDS was used to evaluate the sustainability status of cocoa across six dimensions, while the leverage analysis was applied to identify the status of the most influential attributes of each dimension. The results showed that the average sustainability index value for such dimensions as ecological, economic, sociocultural, infrastructural and technological, law and institutional, as well as defence and security was 46.23, 48.58, 75.20, 40.49, 36.39, and 36.39%, respectively, based on the current conditions. According to these findings, only the sociocultural dimension was sustainable in smallholder cocoa plantations on the Sebatik Island. The main attributes that need improvement for the sake of sustainability apply to the following dimensions: ecological, economic, sociocultural, infrastructure and technology, law and institutional, as well as defence and security. Attributes that need intervention are the average age of cocoa, the community’s level of formal education, fertilisers application for cocoa, the operation of a shop for agricultural production facilities, and defence and security facilities and infrastructure.

Pengelolaan Budi daya Rumput Laut dengan Pendekatan Sosial-Ekonomi dan Ekologi di Pulau Pari

Seaweed plays an essential role in the people's economy in Pari Island because its cultivation has been the main livelihood for a long time. Currently, seaweed cultivation activities are no longer found, possibly due to tourism activities that directly degrade the cultivation activities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the status of sustainability and determine the strategy of cultivation management in 5 aspects: ecological, social, economic, institutional, and infrastructure. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources related to socio-ecology in Pari Island. The assessment of the level of sustainability in each dimension was carried out using multidimensional scaling analysis, and a fairly sustainable average suitability value was obtained, namely the infrastructure (73.37), institutional (71.24), ecological (62.48), and economics (62.16). Meanwhile, the dimension with a very suitable sustainability value is the social dimension, with a value of 76.33, meaning that it is very suitable. Overall, the sustainability of seaweed cultivation, if viewed from several dimensions, shows the level of suitability of cultivation, both in terms of infrastructure, institutions, ecology, and economics. However, several dimensions, such as economic and ecological dimensions, must still be considered and continue to be encouraged so that sustainability can be achieved in all dimensions.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: cultivation, management, Pari Island, seaweed, socio-ecology

Purchasing sustainable palm oil products: narrowing the intention-behavior gap.

Experts on palm oil production and utilization emphasize the role of consumer purchasing power in dealing with the environmental and social impacts of the palm oil crisis -that by increasing the demand for sustainable palm oil (SPO), greater supply will follow. However, research has identified a persistent intention-behavior gap. Even knowledgeable consumers do not always follow through on their intentions to purchase SPO. Utilizing the Capability-Opportunity Motivation model of Behavior (COM-B), this article reviews important variables contributing to this intention-behavior gap. While knowledge about palm oil and SPO (capability), perceived product availability (opportunity), and pro-green consumption attitudes (motivation) are important predictors of SPO purchasing intentions, increasing these factors has been insufficient in narrowing the intention-behavior gap. Campaigns can increase knowledge about palm oil and SPO, as well as build motivation around making the 'sustainable' choice, but are inadequate in addressing barriers around opportunity (e.g., ease of access to SPO products). In expressing their intent to purchase SPO products, consumers may underestimate the difficulties in being able to identify these consumables (e.g., palm oil often is not clearly labeled, sustainability status may not be obvious), and locate them. In this review, we argue that while consumer behavior is important, it is insufficient to power industry-wide change toward the utilization of SPO. Greater corporate responsibility is needed to increase use of SPO in products, and make consumables containing SPO more available, identifiable, and affordable for consumers. We also suggest that national procurement policies for SPO are likely to produce longer-lasting change.

Sustainable Pangasius Aquaculture Management Strategy using Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Tulungagung Regency, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract Aquaculture activities in Tulungagung Regency provide livelihoods for 12,050 households. Therefore, ensuring the sustainability of Pangasius aquaculture activities is crucial for the welfare of fish farmers. This study aims to analyze the sustainability of existing Pangasius aquaculture businesses in Tulungagung Regency, East Java, Indonesia, and to create a sustainable Pangasius aquaculture policy strategy. This quantitative study used Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) analyses to determine the sustainability status of Pangasius aquaculture based on five dimensions: ecological, economic, social, institutional, and technological infrastructure. Among these dimensions, two are less sustainable, particularly infrastructure technology and the economy. Highlight Research The author mentioned four highlights from their research: Tulungagung Regency is East Java Province's major pangasius producer. MDS can assess sustainability across multiple dimensions. AHP enables the prioritization of strategies that must be implemented. The Pangasius aquaculture company in Tulungagung Regency is currently in a sustainable state.

Agro-tourism development sustainable analysis based on agricultural landscapes in Nagari Pandai Sikek, Tanah Datar District, West Sumatera

In agro-tourism development, sustainable agricultural development in Nagari Pandai Sikek is expected to continue in terms of superior commodities and tourist attraction objects. This study aimed to analyze agro-tourism development based on agricultural and cultural landscapes in Nagari Pandai Sikek based on ecological, economic, socio-cultural, and institutional aspects, using Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis and the Rapfish method. The results of the status of agro-tourism development in Nagari Pandai Sikek on the Jorong Pagu-pagu of Nagari Pandai Sikek ecological dimension have the highest value of 56.76, with a fairly sustainable sustainability status. The economic dimension of Jorong Baruah of Nagari Pandai Sikek has the highest value of 84.41 with its sustainability status. The social dimension of Jorong Baruah of Nagari Pandai Sikek has the highest score of 99.98, with good sustainability status. The institutional dimension of Jorong Baruah of Nagari Pandai Sikek has the highest score of 99.98 with its sustainability status. The attributes that influence each dimension are the ecological dimension of land management and the economic dimension of harvest productivity. The dimension of community social organization is the institutional dimension of the tourism management group.

Multi-scale analysis on sustainability and driving factors based on three-dimensional ecological footprint: A case study of the Yangtze River Delta region, China

Accurate assessment of the sustainable development level is crucial to providing reasonable and effective management recommendations. However, analysis with a single scale can only reflect the sustainable status at a specific level. In this study, a multi-scale analysis of sustainability was conducted via the three-dimensional Ecological Footprint (EF) model in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). Moreover, driving factors of sustainability were analyzed using the Multi-scale Geographically Weighted Regression model (MGWR). The conclusions include: (1) the development of YRD showed an unsustainable trend from 2014 to 2021, with per capita EF decreasing from 5.769 ha/cap to 5.283 ha/cap. The provincial sustainability is ranked as follows, from being the most sustainable to the least: Anhui Province > Jiangsu Province > Zhejiang Province > Shanghai City. (2) Based on dual indicators of EF depth and size, 41 cities were categorized into nine groups. The dominant type is always Medium size-Low depth (ML) and High size-Low depth (HL) type cities from 2014 to 2021. From the perspective of city scale, the sustainability of five cities weakened, while seven cities showed improvements. (3) Output value of primary industry (OVPI) and population (POP) were always the dominant factors affecting EF, but showed positive and negative correlations respectively. OVPI changes from north-south symmetric type to central symmetric type, while POP changes from central symmetric type to north-south symmetric type. This paper aims to comprehensively assess the sustainable development status from agglomeration-province-city perspectives, and its findings can provide a reference for similar regions with unbalanced development status between ecology and production.

Slovakia's Public Debt - the Greek Path?

The article focuses on the analysis of public finances of Slovakia in the context of public debt. The article covers the overview of empirical literature on indebtedness and debt management framework of Slovakia and the EU. It describes the current status of public debt, deficit, and long-term sustainability of Slovakia. The views of different economists on whether public finances are evolving according to the "Greek" scenario are also discussed. The main objective is to provide an empirical basis for assessing the veracity of these narratives by comparing the evolution of indicators of the long-term sustainability of public finances in Slovakia and Greece.

Sustainability Status of Coastal Small-Scale Fisheries Management on Ternate Island

Sustainability Status of Coastal Small-Scale Fisheries Management on Ternate Island

Index and Sustainability Status of Agricultural Mechanization for Paddy Field in Indonesia

The use of agricultural machinery is one of the important factors in increasing agricultural production. A quantitative assessment of the agricultural mechanization index and its impact on agricultural production is needed in planning the development of agricultural mechanization nationally. This study aims to determine the value of the agricultural mechanization index which consists of the degree, level, and capacity of agricultural mechanization for tools and agricultural machinery for pre-harvest rice (2-wheel tractor, 4-wheel tractor, water pump, and rice transplanter). This research was conducted in several stages, namely collecting data, observing the working capacity of 3 units of machinery for each type of machinery, processing data and making agricultural mechanization index maps. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the average value of the degree of agricultural mechanization for 2-wheel tractors, 4-wheel tractors, water pumps and rice transplanters was 56.68%, 55.13%, 10.55 % and 13.94%. The average value of mechanization level in Indonesia is 0.45 hp/ha and the average value of mechanization capacity for rice pre-harvest activities in Indonesia is 1.28 kW hour/ha. In addition, based on the results of the classification of mechanization level, cropping index and rice productivity, it can be seen that the provinces of East Java, Central Java, West Java, Banten, DI Yogyakarta and Aceh are provinces that are recommended to increase the number of agricultural machinery, especially 2-wheel tractors, 4-wheel tractors. water pump and rice transplanter.

Analysis sustainability status of laeya river management for raw water supply in South Konawe Regency Southeast Sulawesi Province

South Konawe Regency experienced a decrease in water supply and an increase in water demand, due the changes in land use caused by ongoing land exploitation, which increases runoff and decreases infiltration capacity. As a result, more water is lost to the ocean, threatening the water supply from Laeya River. Laeya River raw water is not only utilized for PDAM raw water sources, but also used to meet the domestic needs of the community, agricultural irrigation and plantations, so it is important to know the its sustainability status. This research aims to carrying out activities that control the water quality of the Laeya River, as well as to serve an information regarding the status model for the sustainability of raw water management, and to raise environmental awareness. This study was carried out in the Laeya River, South Konawe Regency. Sampling was conducted at three stations representing the upstream area of the Laeya River, the middle area and the downstream area. The Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis method was used to conduct an analysis of the status of sustainable natural resource management for sustainable raw water supply. Based on the results can be concluded that Analysis of the 41 attributes derived from five dimensions resulted in 12 attributes acting as leverage factors in each dimension partially. To improve the sustainability status of raw water management in the research area, it is necessary to intervene the 12 attributes, namely 11 attributes that need to increase the intensity of their activities, and one attribute needs to be controlled and planned for its development properly. The results of the assessment of 41 attributes from five dimensionsin the management of the Laeya River for raw water supply in South Konawe Regency, currently is at less Sustainability status(Sustainability Index value of 36.63).KeywordsSustainability Raw WaterMDSMonte CarloRAPS-LaeyaSouth Konawe Regency