Sustainable Utilization Of Water Resources Research Articles

On the Planning Methods for Sustainable and Comprehensive Utilization of Water Resources in the Green Ecological Urban Area:An Empirical Study on a Green Ecological Urban Area in Jiangsu, China

The study on comprehensive utilization planning of urban water resources for sustainable development is one of the important contents of urban green ecological adaptive development and construction. The sustainable water system in the green ecological urban area has to make systematic analysis and overall planning of various elements of urban water system. From the perspective of urban water supply, water use, drainage, flood control and drainage and comprehensive utilization of water resources that require organic coordination, this paper forms systematic planning methods combining the computing method for water environmental carrying capacity with the construction of a capacity control model for water resources in the green ecological urban area. With the proposed strategic measures for the sustainable and comprehensive utilization of water resources in the green ecological urban area, this paper aims to achieve high quality and efficient water ecology, water security and water environment and eventually realize the organic coordination of nature and artificial system as well as the harmonious development between man and nature.

Method of sustainable utilization of water resources in Lake Resort based on ecological footprint

Method of sustainable utilization of water resources in Lake Resort based on ecological footprint

基于灰水足迹的中国城市水资源可持续利用综合评价

随着城市化的快速发展，中国城市水资源面临着水资源短缺与水环境恶化等挑战，因此加强城市水资源可持续利用对于中国可持续发展具有重要意义。基于灰水足迹核算对2016年中国地级市水资源可持续利用情况进行综合评价。研究结果表明：（1）中国城市灰水足迹水平差异大，平均值为23.40×10⁸ m³，主要集中在20.00×10⁸ m³以下。中国城市农业源灰水足迹比例占比主要在70%以上，工业源比例占比主要在20%以下，而生活源比例占比在40%以下；（2）全国灰水经济生产率在12.45-857.31元/m³范围内，地区差异明显。33%城市灰水足迹荷载系数均大于1，全国地级市灰水足迹荷载系数平均值为1.16，城市水资源利用已对水环境产生污染压力，用水不可持续；（3）城市水资源开发率与灰水足迹荷载系数呈一定程度的正相关关系，说明了城市发展对水资源利用的"量"和"质"的压力作用具有一定的协同关系；（4）水资源可持续利用程度呈现大型城市 > 特大型城市 > 超大型城市 > 中小型城市，城市发展一定程度上有助于水资源的可持续利用，但发展规模过大可能会造成用水高产而护水低效的现象。因地制宜的实行水资源循环经济发展模式以及适时纳入灰水足迹核算与管理体系，是当前城市化大背景下实现水资源可持续利用的重要途径。;With rapid urbanization in China, urban water resource utilization is facing up to growing challenges brought by the water shortage and pollution. Thus, it is greatly significant to strengthen the sustainability of urban water resource utilization for China's sustainable development. The indicator of grey water footprint, which provided a metric measurement for the integrated assessment of water resource scarcity in terms of water pollution, was applied in assessing the sustainability in water resource utilization of the prefecture-level cities in China in 2016 (the data of country-level city, as well as Hongkong and Macao special administrative region and Taiwan region was not included). The results showed that (1) the urban grey water footprints of prefecture-level cities were significantly different with an average of 23.40×10⁸ m³, most of which were less than 20.00×10⁸ m³. The percentages of agricultural grey water footprints accounted for more than 70% in majority cities, and those of industrial and residential grey water footprints accounted for lower than 20% and 40%, respectively. (2) The economic productivity of urban grey water ranged from 12.45-857.31 yuan/m³ with significantly regional differences. The cities under great water environmental pressure with grey water footprint load coefficients higher than 1 accounted for 33% of overall cities assessed. The average coefficient of the assessed cities was 1.16, indicating that current urban water resource utilization was unsustainable and had negative impacts on water environment. (3) This study discussed the relationships between urban water resource utilization and protection, and found that there exited synergic relationships between urban water resource exploitation rates and grey water footprint load coefficients in terms of the impacts of urbanization on the quantity and quality of urban water resource. (4) The degrees of sustainable water resource utilization decreased in the order:big city > megapolis > megacity > small and medium city. Urban development to some extent contributes to the sustainability of water resource utilization, but excessive sprawl of economy and population sizes may degrade environmental-friendly water economy, which inclines to balance the achievements of economic efficiency and environmental protection in water resource utilization. Finally, suggestions for sustainable water resource management are summarized. Taking advantage of regional geography, promoting the water resource circulation economy, and incorporating the grey water footprint accounting and management system are important ways to achieve sustainable water resource utilization under the background of rapid urbanization, contributing to nationally fulfilling the 17 Sustainable Development Goals stipulated by United Nations 2030 Agenda, in terms of urban water resource utilization.

Response of glacier area variation to climate change in the Kaidu-Kongque river basin, Southern Tianshan Mountains during the last 20 years

Glaciers are crucial water resources for arid inland rivers in Northwest China. In recent decades, glaciers are largely experiencing shrinkage under the climate-warming scenario, thereby exerting tremendous influences on regional water resources. The primary role of understudying watershed scale glacier changes under changing climatic conditions is to ensure sustainable utilization of regional water resources, to prevent and mitigate glacier-related disasters. This study maps the current (2020) distribution of glacier boundaries across the Kaidu-Kongque river basin, south slope of Tianshan Mountains, and monitors the spatial evolution of glaciers over five time periods from 2000–2020 through thresholded band ratios approach, using 25 Landsat images at 30 m resolution. In addition, this study attempts to understand the role of climate characteristics for variable response of glacier area. The results show that the total area of glaciers was 398.21 km2 in 2020. The glaciers retreated by about 1.17 km2/a (0.26%/a) from 2000 to 2020. The glaciers were reducing at a significantly rapid rate between 2000 and 2005, a slow rate from 2005 to 2015, and an accelerated rate during 2015–2020. The meteorological data shows slight increasing trends of mean annual temperature (0.02°C/a) and annual precipitation (2.07 mm/a). The correlation analysis demonstrates that the role of temperature presents more significant correlation with glacier recession than precipitation. There is a temporal hysteresis in the response of glacier change to climate change. Increasing trend of temperature in summer proves to be the driving force behind the Kaidu-Kongque basin glacier recession during the recent 20 years.© 2021 China Geology Editorial Office.

Constraints and Solutions for Harnessing and Revitalizing Water Resources in Hubei Province of China

Ye, M., 2020. Constraints and solutions for harnessing and revitalizing water resources in Hubei Province of China. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 115–118. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Water is the source of life, the essence of production, and the foundation of ecology. Considering the extreme importance of water resources, this paper takes Hubei Province as an example to study how to effectively solve natural disasters such as flood, drought, and waterlogging in inland river basins in China. Through in-depth analysis of the dialectical relationship between promoting water conservancy and controlling flood disasters, this paper fully demonstrates the great historical opportunities that Hubei Province is afforded under the national ecological civilization construction strategy. Finally, by learning from the successful experience of western developed countries in sustainable utilization of water resources, this paper proposes specific strategies of scientific development of water resources in Hubei Province as follows: constructing flood-control and waterlogging-reduction systems, optimizing water resources allocation structure, speeding up the construction of farmland water conservancy facilities, and strengthening the sustainable development and recycling of water resources, as well as building a modern water conservancy management system, which provides theoretical reference and scientific basis for scientific, orderly, and high-quality development of water resources in Hubei Province under the premise of ecological protection.

How to Sustainably Use Water Resources—A Case Study for Decision Support on the Water Utilization of Xinjiang, China

Global warming has led to a serious crisis on regional water resources. Establishing a decision support system (DSS) on the sustainable utilization of water resources for arid areas is an increasingly critical problem. Selecting Xinjiang as a case study, this paper developed a system dynamics (SD) model. Through the simulation operation of the model, we achieved the decision on sustainable utilization of water resources. The extensive economic development is the main factor restricting the sustainable utilization of water resources in Xinjiang. We propose to adjust the planting structure and implement water-saving irrigation in Xinjiang, especially the Tarim Basin and Turpan-Hami Basin. This research provides the sustainable utilization plan of water resources for Xinjiang and its sub-regions in the next 30 years. By 2050, we recommend that the reuse rate of urban domestic water consumption and industrial sewage should reach 75%; the rural domestic water quota should be 70 L/(person·day); water consumption per industrial output value of ten thousand Yuan should be 28 m3; the irrigation water quota should be 5000 m3/hectare in Xinjiang. This research can provide references for the decision on sustainable utilization of water resources in arid regions around the world.

Variable precondition S-type cloud algorithm: Theory and application on water resources carrying capacity assessment

The purpose of water resources carrying capacity (WRCC) research is to meet the sustainable utilization of water resources and realize its sustainable development strategy. Scientifically evaluating the carrying capacity of regional water resources is extremely important. In this study, a variable precondition S-type cloud algorithm (VPSCA) is developed for assessment of regional WRCC based on social economic subsystem, water resources subsystem, ecological and environmental subsystem including thirteen indicators, which can overcome the shortcoming that the existing evaluation methods rarely consider fuzziness, randomness, and dynamic variability of parameters at the same time. First, forward S-type cloud generator algorithm (FSCGA) is developed based on segmented S-type membership function. On this basis, precondition S-type cloud generator algorithm (PSCGA) is proposed. Moreover, the VPSCA is developed by embedding PSCGA into variable fuzzy evaluation (VFE) method. Taking Beijing as a typical research area, this paper analyzes and forecasts the comprehensive benefits of water supply of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SWDP) in 2030 using VPSCA. The results show that SWDP can increase the carrying capacity of local water resources by 3.80%. In addition, feasibility and validity of VPSCA are further verified by comparison with other existing methods. This study aims to provide some suitable theoretical and practical implications of the evaluation of WRCC.

Quantitative Attribution of Runoff Attenuation to Climate Change and Human Activity in Typical Mountainous Areas: An Enlightenment to Water Resource Sustainable Utilization and Management in North China

The influence of climate change and human activities on hydrological elements has increased along with increasing dependence on water resources. Therefore, quantitative attribution of hydrological elements has received wide attention. In this study, the double mass curve (DMC) is used to assess the abrupt change point of the hydrological data series, based on which the periods with/without large-scale human activities causing runoff attenuation are separated. The land use transition matrix is then employed to analyze the land use types at different historical stages, and the sensitivities of the runoff attenuation to different land use/cover change (LUCC) categories are quantified. A soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model that considers the underlying surface is constructed with six designed scenarios of different climate and LUCC conditions. Taking three typical mountainous basins in North China as the study area, the quantitative contributions of climate change and human activities to the water resources are identified. The results of the study have brought enlightenment to the water resource sustainable utilization and management in North China, and the methodologies can be transferred to runoff attribution analysis in water shortage areas.

Multi-Objective Optimal Allocation of Water Resources Based on the NSGA-2 Algorithm While Considering Intergenerational Equity: A Case Study of the Middle and Upper Reaches of Huaihe River Basin, China.

With the rapid development of society and the economy, the demand for water resources is increasing. This, combined with the increasing competition for water resources between current and future generations, hinders the sustainable development of society. To alleviate prominent water resources problems, achieve sustainable utilization of water resources and the sustainable development of society and economy, a multi-objective optimal water resources allocation model is proposed, in which different water sources and different water departments are considered to achieve the maximum social and economic benefits of the study area on the premise of water resources sustainability. To meet the needs of future generations, the discount value is introduced to measure intergenerational equity. A case study from seven cities in the upper and middle reaches of the Huaihe River Basin is given to verify the practicality and viability of the model. The non-dominated sorting Genetic Algorithms-2(NSGA-2) was used to find optimal water resources allocation schemes in 2020 and 2050 under the condition of a hydrological drought year (inflow guarantee rate p = 75%). Compared with previous models, the intergenerational equity model considers the sustainability of water resources, has higher social and economic benefits, and ensures the fair distribution of water resources among generations. According to the results, under balanced weight, the water shortage ratio of the seven cities will decrease from 5.24% in 2050 to 1.58% in 2020, and the economic benefit will increase from 79.46(1010CNY) to 168.3(1010CNY), respectively. In addition, the discount value of economic benefit in 2050 is 80.23(1010CNY), which is still higher than that in 2020. This shows that the water resource allocation scheme can eliminate the disparity between supply and demand for water resources and achieve intergenerational equity. Therefore, the intergenerational equity model can alleviate the contradiction of water resources and realize intergenerational equity.

Evaluating the performances of several artificial intelligence methods in forecasting daily streamflow time series for sustainable water resources management

Accurate runoff forecasting plays an important role in guaranteeing the sustainable utilization and management of water resources. Artificial intelligence methods can provide new possibilities for runoff prediction when the underlying physical relationship cannot be explicitly obtained. However, few reports evaluate the performances of various artificial intelligence methods in forecasting daily streamflow time series for sustainable water resources management by far. To refill this research gap, the potentials of five artificial intelligence methods in daily streamflow series prediction are examined, including artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neural-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), extreme learning machine (ELM), Gaussian process regression (GPR) and support vector machine (SVM). Four quantitative statistical indexes are chosen as the evaluation benchmarks. The results from two huge hydropower reservoirs in China show that five artificial intelligence methods can achieve satisfying forecasting results, while the SVM, GPR and ELM methods can produce better performances than ANN and ANFIS in both training and testing phases with respective to four indexes. Thus, it is of great importance to carefully choose the appropriate forecasting models based on the actual characteristics of the studied reservoir.

NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE FUNCTION OF SUSTAINABLE WATER USE

Nanotechnology, as contemporary field of research in forming of materials and devices on the level of molecule and atoms, is founding broad utilization in different scientific and engineering domains. The influence of nanotechnology on the development of contemporary human society has got a significant potential in domains as economy, environment protection, health and improvement of the quality of life. The need for fresh water as a necessary resource for living world, as well as the economic activity on the level of humanity is growing in the conditions of increasing population, increasing economic activities and increasing pollution. In that sense the conventional methods for water treatment may become ineffective for providing sustainable utilization of water resources in the future. Nanotechnology as a contemporary scientific and engineering field is considered efficient and potentially, the only solution for sustainable utilization of fresh water in the future. The efforts in nanotechnology utilization for sustainability of fresh water resources mean comprehensive approach and clarity in defining goals as well as the ways for their realization. The basic expectations of nanotechnology in the sense of fresh water resources utilization are directed to enhancement of fresh water availability, increase of efficiency of fresh water delivery and enabling next generation systems for fresh water quality monitoring. The increase of fresh water availability by nanotechnology means development of filtering systems and development of membrane systems, inverse osmosis for water desalinization and catalysts for water treatment. Efficiency of fresh water delivery based on nanotechnology means reducing energy necessary for its transportation, developing system of pipes and components which are easier, stronger and which will last longer as well as to provide cheap materials which improve energy efficiency for heating and cooling. All these processes for nanotechnology development aiming to provide sustainable fresh water resources utilization require significant efforts on scientific and engineering level in order to be utilized in everyday life. This paper aims to research the state of the art of nanotechnology development in the domain of sustainable utilization of fresh water resources.

Water Environment Protection and Utilization Based on the Perspective of Marxist Ecological Theory

Yao, Y.Y., 2020. Water environment protection and utilization based on the perspective of marxist ecological theory. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 130–135. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.According to the problem that the use and development of water resources cannot be lack of ecological protection as a basic idea to ensure the goal of protecting the ecology and saving water. Therefore, in order to better study the environmental protection and utilization of water ecology, this paper makes a simple discussion on the sustainable development and utilization of water resources based on the background of ecological environment protection and the Marxist ecological theory, in the theory and algorithm of water footprint On the basis of the research, the current status of water ecology in a county town and the utilization of water resources were studied. It was found that the local water resources utilization rate was low and the water ecological environment pollution was serious. Specific suggestions were put forward from the perspectives of water resources management and water ecological management. For the reference of relevant personnel. After research, it is proposed that the establishment of the overall framework of the water ecological compensation mechanism to rationally develop and utilize water resources, and increase the intensity of sewage treatment can help the sustainable development and utilization of water resources. This has a theoretical and theoretical basis for revealing the root causes of China's ecological crisis. Practical significance.

A Comprehensive Evaluation Model of Regional Water Resource Carrying Capacity: Model Development and a Case Study in Baoding, China

Scientific water resource carrying capacity (WRCC) evaluations are necessary for providing guidance for the sustainable utilization of water resources. Based on the driving-pressure-state-impact-response feedback loop, this paper selects 21 indicators under five dimensions to construct a regional WRCC comprehensive evaluation framework. The projection pursuit clustering (PPC) method is implemented with the matter-element extension (MEE) model to overcome the limitations of subjective deviation and indicator attribute incompatibility in traditional comprehensive assessment methods affecting the accuracy of evaluations. The application of the integrated evaluation model is demonstrated in Baoding city in the Jing-Jin-Ji area from 2010 to 2017. The results indicate that the economic water consumption intensity is the most influential factor that impacts the WRCC change in Baoding, and the pressure subsystem and response subsystem are dominant in the entire system. The WRCC in Baoding significantly improved between 2010 and 2017 from a grade V extremely unsafe state to a grade III critical state. Natural water shortages and large population scales are the main negative factors during this period; however, the existing measures are still insufficient to achieve an optimal WRCC status. Considering the future population and industry inflow, additional actions must be proposed to maintain and promote harmonious conditions.

Assessment of Surface Irrigation Potential of the Dhidhessa River Basin, Ethiopia

Assessing available water resources and their potential for irrigation water use is vital for sustainable agricultural development and planning. This is particularly of interest in developing countries like Ethiopia, where a small portion of largely accessible land for surface irrigation applications has been utilized, despite the majority of the population relying on agricultural productivity. This study utilized the Dhidhessa River Basin (Ethiopia) as a case study and analyzed the main challenges to balance the sustainable water resources utilization and enhance agricultural productivity of the basin. The study mainly focused on estimating the available water resources and their potential for surface irrigation water use in the basin. This was achieved by utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS)-based tools, a hydrological Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, and a Crop Water and Irrigation Requirements Program of FAO (CROPWAT) model. While the SWAT estimated the water availability in the basin, GIS-tools such as Model Builder were used to map the irrigation potential of the basin. For irrigation water potential assessment, we selected six crops (cabbage, maize, tomato, pepper, groundnut and sugarcane) and estimated their irrigation water requirements using the CROPWAT model. We developed the SWAT model for the period from 1986 to 2012 using the available hydro-meteorological and geo-spatial data. Due to many parameters used in the model, we first performed a parameter sensitivity analysis and identified the most essential/sensitivity parameters via Sequential Uncertainty Fitting-II (SUFI-2). The identified sensitive parameters were subsequently used for model calibration (1989–2000) and validation (2001–2012) procedures achieved via SUFI-2. SWAT was able to reproduce the observed monthly streamflow values with a coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficient (NSE) of 0.85 and 0.87 for the calibration period and 0.91 and 0.89 for the validation period, respectively. The findings generally indicated a “good” performance of the model in simulating the hydrology. The annual available water of the basin is 9.26 billion cubic meters (BCM) whereas the 70% and 80% dependable flow is 7.56 and 6.97 BCM, respectively. Based on the Model Builder of ArcGIS, the SWAT estimated available water can potentially irrigate an area of 259,028 ha for slope less than 8%, 643,162 ha for slopes less than 15% and 1,023,581 ha for slopes less than 30%. Moreover, the irrigation water requirements were calculated by the CROPWAT model for the six selected crops indicated that although the need for irrigation water varies depending on the season, the potential irrigation area of the Dhidhessa River Basin is greater than its irrigated land. Therefore, it is concluded that the basin’s surface irrigation systems need to be expanded to enhance the agricultural productivity and improve the livelihood of the basin’s communities and similar basins elsewhere.

Evaluation of groundwater quality in intensive irrigated zone of Northeastern Tunisia

Accurate and reliable prediction of groundwater quality is a critical component in water resources management and sustainable utilization. The multilayered Nadhour-Saouaf aquifer system in Northeastern Tunisia is intensively exploited. It is the main source of freshwater for domestic, agricultural, and industrial needs. The current study aims to identify groundwater and surface waters geochemistry and its suitability for irrigation and drinking purposes. A total of 31 groundwater samples and three surface water samples were collected and analyzed for the major elements, nitrates and physicochemical parameters. Hydrochemical facies are of mixed Ca–Mg–Cl and Na–Cl types for water of the Oligocene reservoir level and of a mixed Ca–Mg–Cl facies type for the Miocene and Plio-Quaternary waters. The water suitability for drinking purpose was evaluated based on World Health Organization, Tunisian standards guidelines and Drinking Water Quality Index (DWQI). The evaluation showed considerable deterioration in groundwater quality at some location. A large proportion (68%) of samples is unsuitable for drinking purpose based on WHO guidelines. The waters sampled from the dams are not directly useful for drinking and need specific treatment. However, DWQI results show that “Good water’’ class dominates in the study area. The suitability of groundwater for irrigation was evaluated based on the irrigation quality parameters such as sodium absorption ratio, sodium proportion, Permeability Index, Kelly's ratio, Magnesium hazard and Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI). Groundwater samples classified, based on previously parameters, reveal that 42% are unsafe for irrigation. Subsequently, multiple linear regression is used for DWQI and IWQI simulation. The model results showed a great correspondence between distribution maps of estimated and measured DWQI and IWQI. Hence, the developed models provide a simpler and easy alternative to other methods used for suitability estimation and prediction.

Evaluation on sustainable utilization of water resources in Nansi Lake Basin

Based on the influencing factors of sustainable development by Bossel, the evaluation index system of sustainable utilization of water resources was constructed, which includes 18 indexes considering the development and utilization of water resources, social economy and ecological environment. The evaluation grade was classified into five levels: special, strong, intermediate, light and tiny. Because there were many fuzzy characteristics in this evaluation, this study was constructed an evaluation method of sustainable utilization of water resources based on the variable fuzzy sets model. Taking the Nansi Lake Basin in China as an example, the evaluation method was introduced in detail. The example showed that the evaluation index system constructed in this paper was reasonable and generalized, and the evaluation method was easy to understand, easy to operate and high credibility of the results. In addition, the evaluation results had a certain guiding significance for the sustainable development of water resources.

Using a combined evaluation method to assess water resources sustainable utilization in Fujian Province, China

In order to evaluate the spatial differences in water resources sustainable utilization (WRSU), it is vital to adopt a reasonable evaluation method. However, previous studies mostly used a single evaluation method, resulting in differences in evaluation results. In this paper, the Driving–Pressure–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR) model is used for establishing the indicators system for regional WRSU assessment. The improved rank correlation (IRC) model, fuzzy matter element (FME) analysis, grey relational analysis (GRA) model, and attribute recognition (AR) model are used to evaluate WRSU. Then, the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and set pair analysis (SPA) are applie to establish a combined model to evaluate the WRSU status in nine districts and cities in Fujian Province. The research indicates that (1) it is feasible to apply the combined model framework to evaluate the WRSU, and (2) the spatial distribution pattern of WRSU in Fujian Province shows a decreasing trend from northwest to southeast. Additionally, the water resources endowment, population density and socioeconomic development have become the main factors restricting the WRSU. The assessment results are fundamentally conformed to the actual situation of Fujian. It provides significant for sustainable development of water resources in Fujian.

Development of an advanced entropy-based decision support system to assess the feasibility of linking of rivers in a sustainable manner

ABSTRACT Interlinking rivers (ILRs) is a recent global initiative towards sustainable and equitable distribution and utilization of water resources. However, there are diverse, uncertain, and conflicting viewpoints of various water resource planning and management stakeholders towards ILR approach and its outcomes. On one hand, policy makers are seeing ILR as advantageous to the economic development of the nation; on the other hand, there is a growing concern about the negative environmental impacts of ILR. To ensure sustainable development, watershed planners across the globe need a decision support system (DSS) to effectively plan the implementation of ILR projects while considering the diverse stakeholder’s perspectives and conflicting socio-economic, environmental, and several technical criteria. Therefore, it is essential to identify and mathematically evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of ILR projects to achieve economic and environmental objectives. It is indeed a challenge for watershed managers to simultaneously address the uncertainty associated with multiple criteria and group of decision-makers (stakeholders) involved in developing the SWOT model. To address these concerns, the present study proposes an advanced entropy-based SWOT fuzzy decision support system to evaluate the feasibility of ILR on a case study of ‘Ken-Betwa project’, India. The novel aspect of the advanced approach is its ability to devise seven hybrid mechanisms, which give the flexibility to reach the best solutions along with nominal, optimistic and pessimistic perspectives of the stakeholders while addressing uncertainty issues. Results demonstrate that adopting measures to minimize impact on biodiversity and climate change and implementation of sustainable construction techniques are pivotal for successful implementation of ILR project with a score of 0.12 and 0.11, respectively. The DSS provides a platform to the state and federal agencies to systematically achieve socio-economic and environmental objectives while incorporating suggestions of all decision-makers towards ILR projects.

Analysis on the evaluation of sustainable utilization of water resources by extension evaluation method

In order to timely understand the status of sustainable utilization of urban water resources and to effectively plan and manage the use of water resources, in this study, an extension evaluation method is used to evaluate the sustainable utilization of water resources. Firstly, a sustainable utilization index system of water resources is constructed from the perspectives of water resources conditions, development and utilization, social economy, ecological environment, and water resources management. Then, according to the incompatibility and relevance of some indexes, the extension evaluation model is established based on the theory of extension evaluation. Finally, the extension evaluation model constructed in this study is used to evaluate the sustainable utilization of water resources in X city. The results show that the level of sustainable utilization of water resources in X city is level M, which is consistent with the current reality of the sustainable utilization of water resources in X city and verifies that the extension model proposed in this study is feasible. Extension matter-element model has more advantages in fine analysis and trend analysis. This study provides a good theoretical basis for the management and utilization of water resources in China.

Explore the role of sustainable utilization of water resources and water resources management

Water resources are very important to our lives. Water is indispensable in our lives, and as the economy continues to rise, the demand for water from all walks of life is also increasing. However, due to various problems in the use of water resources in my country, many problems have arisen in the allocation of water resources. Through the introduction of water utilization and management, the article analyzes various difficulties in the process of water resources utilization, and proposes corresponding solutions to these problems, hoping to make my country’s water resources scientifically used.